Newly Established Key Laboratories at CAS

By employing network-based observation techniques, field experimental methods and ecological information technology, the Lab is designed to explore the coupling between carbon, water and nutrient cycles within an ecosystem and its underlying mechanisms, to integrate and model ecosystem patterns and processes at multiple spatiotemporal scales, and to comprehensively study the relationship between ecosystem management and sustainable development. Its major focuses are：

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry (SKLEAC) is under construction

A new State Key Laboratory named Environmental Aquatic Chemistry is establishing in the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It asso-ciates with other three Iaboratories in universities to make up an Joint State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control. They are supported by Chinese Government with the loan from World Bank for about 2.5 million US dollars and the same amount of RMB.

The Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,PLA General Hospital (national key academic unit) The PLA Institute of Otolaryngology (PLA key laboratory for acoustic trauma) The PLA Medical College Department of Deafness Education Key Laboratory

Led by four generations of leadership from late Prof.JIANG Sichang(academician,Chinese Academy of Engineering),Prof.YANG Weiyan(Honorary President,Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association),Prof.HAN Dongyi(President Elected,Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association)to now Prof.YANG Shiming(President,Division of Otolaryngologists,

The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) was established in 1985. It was considered an Excellent Opening Laboratory in the national assessment organized by the former State Science and Technology Committee (now the Ministry of Science and Technology) in 1988. Because of this, LASG was upgraded to a State Key Laboratory in 1989. It won the honor of "Excellent

State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography was successfully founded

Recently, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography （XIEG）, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was approved by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People＇s Republic of China to be founded.

State Key Laboratory for Superconductivity

To adapt to the rapid development of high-temperature superconductor research, the State Commission of Development & Planning (SCDP) approved in 1987 of establishing a national laboratory for superconductivity at the Institute of Physics, under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The preparations were started in 1988 and by April of 1991

State Key Pattern Recognition Laboratory

The Pattem Recognition Laboratory, set up byin 1984 and ratified as a state key lab in 1987, isattached to the CAS Institute of Automation (IA). The Laboraory’s founding director was Profes-sor Ma Songde, now the director of the Institute ofAntomation. Its current director is Professor TanTieniu.

STATE KEY LABORATORY OF TRANSIENT OPTICS

The State Key Laboratory of Transient OpticsTechnology is attached to the Xi’an Institute ofOptics and Precision Mechanics of the CAS. The Laboratory is devoted to study of the theory and technology of transient optics. Its research fields include concepts and technologies of ultrashort pulse generation, amplification, compression and measurement, ultrafast processes of interaction between light and matter, development, and application of measurement equipment of transient optics for scientific research and production. At present, its research activities are the following:

State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology

The State Key Laboratory Loess and QuaternaryGeology, Institute of Earth Environment, the ChineseAcademy of Sciences (CAS), was established in No-vember 1995. Its predecessor, CAS Xi’an-based Labo-ratory of Loess & Quaternary Geology, inauguratedin October 1984 in line with the suggestion of CASmembers Liu Dongsheng & Li Zhensheng. In March1987, the section was ratified to open to the outsideworld and honored as an outstanding laboratory forfour times in succeeding years.

Diastereoselective α-Alkylation of β-Amino Esters: Preparation of Novel α-Substituted β-Amino Esters from α-Amino Acids

Enantiomerically pure a-substituted bamino esters were prepared from natural L-a-amino acids through Arndt-Eistert homologation and diastereoselective aalkylation.

Phonon relaxation and heat conduction in one-dimensional Fermi Pasta Ulam β lattices by molecular dynamics simulations

The phonon relaxation and heat conduction in one-dimensional Fermi Pasta-Ulam （FPU） β lattices are studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. The phonon relaxation rate, which dominates the length dependence of the FPU β lattice, is first calculated from the energy autoeorrelation function for different modes at various temperatures through equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the relaxation rate as a function of wave number k is proportional to k^1.688, which leads to a N^0.41 divergence of the thermal conductivity in the framework of Green-Kubo relation. This is also in good agreement with the data obtained by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations which estimate the length dependence exponent of the thermal conductivity as 0.415. Our results confirm the N^2/5 divergence in one-dimensional FPU β lattices. The effects of the heat flux on the thermal conductivity are also studied by imposing different temperature differences on the two ends of the lattices. We find that the thermal conductivity is insensitive to the heat flux under our simulation conditions. It implies that the linear response theory is applicable towards the heat conduction in one-dimensional FPU β lattices.

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine(Macao University of Science and Technology)

The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine （Macao University of Science and Technology） was formally established on January 25, 2011 upon approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. It is so far the only State Key Laboratory （SKL） specifically in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） over the country. It is also the joined-laboratory partner of the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Bimnimetic Drugs at the Peking University.

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine(Macao University of Science and Technology)

The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine （Macao University of Science and Technology） was formally established on January 25, 2011 upon approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. It is so far the only State Key Laboratory （SKL） specifically in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） over the country. It is also the jothed-laboratory partner of the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs at the Peking University.