Historical retrospects and evolutionary characteristics of paleogenomic science and technology

Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.

Tackling Key Technological Problems and Advancing 5G Technology Application in Railway

The paper summarizes the development of mobile communication of domestic and foreign railways,and proposes the priorities for tackling key technological problems of railway 5G private network according to the technical routes of railway next-generation mobile communication determined by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.From the aspects of work objectives,principles,technical routes and innovative working methods,the paper elaborates the ideas of railway 5G scientific and technological research,puts forward the contents and plans of scientific and technological research on railway 5G private network,systematically organizes the achievements in the scientific and technological research stage of railway 5G private network,and sets forth the key contents of next-step scientific and technological research.

An Analysis of Polysemy in English for Science and Technology Translation

The monosemy term is one of the important features of English for Science and Technology(EST),but in the process of usage,the monosemy will often be changed gradually,and polysemy is an important factor that influences the term’s monosemy.This paper analyzes the internal and external causes of polysemy in EST translation from the perspective of translation practice,and further elaborates on polysemy with specific translation examples.Finally,some preliminary suggestions for the preferred correct meaning are put forward.

30年来基于计算机视觉的农业科技研究综述——以CNKI文献关键词词频分析为技术方法

[目的]计算机视觉技术被广泛应用于天文学、地质学、气象学、军事科学、医学、工农业生产等诸多领域,对我国农业科技及农业发展意义重大。[方法]以关键词词频分析为技术方法,筛选1993—2022年CNKI农业科技专辑中篇名含“计算机视觉”的文献,对获取的393条文献进行计量学分析,并综述国内30年来基于计算机视觉的农业科技研究成果、热点及发展态势。[结果]基于计算机视觉的农业科技研究高频关键词分布较为广泛,现有研究热点较多,研究领域、研究方法、研究技术等都在不断丰富和拓展。[结论]本研究可为后续农业科技方向的研究提供一定参考或借鉴,但还需不断探索基于计算机视觉的农业科技研究中的内在发展逻辑与深层理论关系。

Research on the evolutionary characteristics of evaluation policies of Chinese science and technology talents

Science and technology talent evaluation is an important part of the talent development system and mechanism,and the state's emphasis on science and technology talent evaluation is reflect-ed in the national policy.This paper takes 49 policy documents on science and technology tal-ent evaluation issued by the state from 1978 to 2022 as the object,and uses policy text analysis,word frequency analysis and co-word network analysis to interpret the content of the policies.These policy texts are divided into four stages.200 high-frequency words were extracted from the policies in each stage after word segmentation was made,and the co-word matrixes and co-word networks were constructed for each stage.The research draws the following conclu-sions:1)The content of Chinese science and technology talent evaluation policies is gradually becoming concrete,and the concept of science and technology talent evaluation is gradually clear;2)The policies have transitioned from"scientific and technological development"to"sci-entific and technological innovation";3)The distribution of policies with different strengths is uneven;4)The cooperation between all departments involved in policy formulation is not e-nough.

The Transformation of China’s Key Science and Technology Universities in the Move to Mass Higher Education

China’s key science and technology universities are modelled on the FrenchÉcole Polytechnique.As such,they are utilitarian institutions,rooted in the concept of cultivating manpower for society’s economic progress,and tending to ignore the development of the individual.As China’s elite higher education system took in a rapidly increasing number of students in the recent massification process,China’s key science and technology universities underwent reform to become more comprehensive in curricular offerings and more research-oriented in function.The authors have uncovered an interesting phenomenon:Despite repeated discussion in academic circles,this transformation was never actually a conscious strategic choice for universities.Only when the Chinese government launched a program of higher education“massification”did universities develop their own unique reform strategies in a move to become more comprehensive and more research oriented.The authors have adopted a multi-stream analysis framework to describe and analyze three case study universities:University of Science and Technology of China(USTC),Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),and Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(NWAFU).It was found that Chinese universities already have quite a high level of autonomy,but that the government still has the power to make strategic decisions.Each university’s decision-making mechanism has been an independent process within the constraints of the political economic structure over this period,and policy-making has combined top-down and bottom-up processes.

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine(Macao University of Science and Technology)

The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine （Macao University of Science and Technology） was formally established on January 25, 2011 upon approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. It is so far the only State Key Laboratory （SKL） specifically in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） over the country. It is also the joined-laboratory partner of the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Bimnimetic Drugs at the Peking University.

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine(Macao University of Science and Technology)

The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine （Macao University of Science and Technology） was formally established on January 25, 2011 upon approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. It is so far the only State Key Laboratory （SKL） specifically in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） over the country. It is also the jothed-laboratory partner of the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs at the Peking University.

计算机科学与技术学科研究热点及前沿分析

文章以南昌大学、江西师范大学等江西30所高校为研究对象,以中国学术期刊全文数据库收录的计算机科学与技术学科领域的高被引论文(排名前10%)及科学引文索引(SCIE)收录的计算机科学与技术学科领域的论文为数据基础,对作者关键词词频及年度分布进行了统计分析。研究发现:国内外该领域持续研究30次以上的热点集中在特征提取、深度学习、卷积神经网络、粒子群优化、支持向量机、图像分割、图像处理、云计算等关键词上;近期研究前沿集中在任务分析、许可证、人工智能、能源效率等关键词上;具有发展潜力的研究方向有可能在计算建模、隐马尔科夫模型、混合有源滤波器、智能系统、分析模型、跌倒检测等关键词中产生。

基于结构模型—词频计算的国防科技战略情报分析方法

[目的/意义]针对传统国防科技发展态势分析定性为主的不足,提出一种综合经典结构分析和自然语言处理(NLP)文本计量的国防科技战略情报分析方法。[方法/过程]首先,综述国防科技战略情报分析方法研究;其次,采用PEST“钻石”结构化模型分析主要国家国防科技战略政策调整动因;再次,解构主要国家国防科技战略政策文本,并运用NLP文本计量发掘国防科技发展重点热点;最后,结合定性定量研判辨析国防科技发展基本态势。[结果/结论]对2018—2022年主要国家发布的50个国防科技战略政策文本进行量化分析,对主要国家国防科技发展策略、高新科技领域重点进行研判。结果表明,文章构建的方法框架能够为认识和研判国防科技战略情报动向提供新的视角。

辽宁省科技政策变迁量化研究

科技政策对于促进科技活动和激励科技创新有着重要意义。以1986—2021年辽宁省出台的109个科技政策为分析样本,以标志性重大科技政策的发布时间为节点,将辽宁省科技政策的历史变迁划分为初创期、成长期、稳定发展期、爆发期4个时期,采用共词分析和聚类分析等量化方法,从发文概况、主题变迁两方面对辽宁省科技政策进行量化分析,探究辽宁省科技政策聚焦点在各个时期的变迁。结果发现,辽宁省科技政策在科技体制机制、科技环境、成果转化这三个领域发生了明显的政策主题变迁,呈现出科技体制改革不断深化、科技环境与成果转化政策日渐完善的趋势。

《安全与环境学报》(1994-2020)的整体画像

为促进安全与环境的研究和《安全与环境学报》的发展,采用文献计量与数据可视化的方法与技术,对中国知网引文数据库中所收录的7223篇论文及其文献计量学指标进行了分析。结果表明,经过27 a的发展,《学报》刊载的安全与环境研究成果整体呈增长趋势,期刊论文的影响力也在稳步提升。在发展过程中,产生了一批发文的核心区域、机构及作者。在期刊维度的知识交流中,《学报》主要吸收了来自《中国安全科学学报》《环境科学》及《煤炭学报》等安全与环境相关期刊的知识,知识的流出同样集中在了安全与环境领域,主要包括《中国安全科学学报》《中国安全生产科学技术》及《消防科学与技术》等。《学报》研究主题分布在6个方面:分别为#1环境工程与环境工程学,聚焦在水污染研究方向;#2环境学,主要涉及土壤和大气污染;#3安全工程聚焦火灾与矿山安全工程研究;#4安全管理工程聚焦在工程安全与风险的评价;#5兵工安全技术以及#6安全与环境事件/事故统计。在《安全与环境学报》阶段,研究主题主要分布在#1、#2、#3、#4及#6。《学报》论文中常用的方法为数值模拟、层次分析法及BP神经网络等。在方法的演化路径上,近期新兴的方法为扎根理论、高通量测序、结构方程及D-S证据理论等。

基于文献计量的科技监测方法与应用系统比较研究

近年来,科技监测理论及应用发展迅速,作为科技监测方法体系最重要的组成部分,文献计量学方法在科技监测领域相关的应用成果已较多。本文首先对几种常见的基于文献计量的科技监测方法进行了总结,其次,对现有部分常用的科技监测应用系统进行了分析与比较,以期为今后的相关研究提供参考。

中国情报学期刊论文关键词词频分析

本文以重庆维普公司的《中文科技期刊数据库》为统计源 ,运用文献计量学的词频分析方法 ,对情报学期刊论文的关键词进行统计分析 ,分析发现网络技术给情报学检索技术的发展带来了技术支持 ,实现检索的机械化、自动化是情报学的研究热点。新的检索方式和方法的成熟为情报定量研究分析创造了成熟条件 ,引文分析。