Identification and Fine Mapping of Heading Date Related Mutant Gene in Rice

A rice heading-date-related mutant was isolated from a ^60Co-y-ray-induced mutation pool of Zhejing 22, a conventional japonica cultivar in Zhejiang Province, China. The mutant was characterized by a delayed heading date of almost 20 d longer than the wild type plant. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation was controlled by a single nuclear-encoded recessive gene that was designed as HD（t） （heading date tentatively）. To isolate the HD（t） gene, a map-based cloning approach was employed using 479 F2 mutant individual plants derived from the cross between the hd（t） mutant （japonica） x Zhenshan 97 （indica）. Finally, the HD（t） gene was mapped to an approximate 53 kb region between the insertion and deletion （InDel） markers of 10-61W and 10-66W on chromosome 10. According to the genome sequence of Nipponbare, the target region contains 11 annotated genes. It is helpful for future cloning of HD（t） gene based on this fine mapping results.

Mapping of Hd-6-2 for Heading Date Using Two Secondary Segregation Populations in Rice

Heading date is one of the most important traits for rice adaption to different cultivation areas and crop seasons. In this study, two single segment substitution lines(SSSLs), W31-41-61-3-11-3-6-7(W31-SSSL) and W32-59-80-2-11-1-10(W32-SSSL) with substituted intervals derived from the donor parents IR66897 B(W31) and IR66167-27-5-1-6(W32), respectively, with Huajingxian 74(HTX74) were found to comprise a gene for extremely late-heading date, and the gene was tentatively designated as Hd-6-2. Two secondary F2 segregating populations were developed by crossing the two heterozygous SSSLs with HJX74 to map Hd-6-2 gene. According to phenotype analysis of the two mapping populations, the late heading date trait was controlled by a major recessive gene. In the segregation population derived from W31-SSSL, Hd-6-2 was mapped on chromosome 6 between PSM677 and RM204 with the genetic distances of 1.3 and 2.7 c M, respectively. In the population of W32-SSSL, the gene for heading date was mapped to the similar region as Hd-6-2 and co-segregated with PSM672. The sequence alignment of Hd3 a in the coding domains and promoter regions of HJX74 and W31-SSSL are completely consistent, whereas there was a great difference between W32-SSSL and HJX74, suggesting that Hd3 a could hardly be the main cause of the heading date variation in W31-SSSL, but it was probably the main reason for the change of heading stage in W32-SSSL.

磁共振T1ρ和T2-mapping定量技术对股骨头坏死软骨变性的对照研究

目的:分析T_1ρ和T_2-mapping定量MRI技术在股骨头坏死软骨变性中的诊断价值。方法:对24例健康志愿者(对照组)及47例股骨头坏死(ARCOⅠ~Ⅲ期)初治患者行MRI扫描,扫描序列包括常规MRI、多回波回复梯度回波(MERGE)、T_1ρ及T_2-mapping。测量定量参数T_1ρ及T_2-mapping值,并采用Pearson相关分析评估两者之间的相关性,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)对两者的诊断效能进行评价。结果:股骨头坏死组的T_1ρ和T_2-mapping值明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.51、-3.77,P<0.01)。T_1ρ与T_2-mapping值呈正相关关系(r=0.381,P<0.01)。T_1ρ的ROC下最大面积为0.822,相应的敏感度和特异度分别为72.34%和70.83%,特异度明显高于T_2-mapping(58.33%)。结论:磁共振T_1ρ及T_2-mapping成像技术均可用于股骨头坏死患者软骨变性的定量诊断,T_1ρ的诊断价值稍高于T_2-mapping。

2岁以下小儿发育性髋关节发育不良髋关节软骨T2 mapping分析

目的探讨2岁及2岁以下发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)患儿股骨头软骨及髋臼软骨T2值的变化规律。方法回顾性收集2岁及2岁以下行髋关节MR T2 mapping检查的幼儿59名,其中临床和MR检查异常并确诊DDH的患儿34例(年龄5~24个月),同期MRI检查正常且临床明确除外DDH的正常幼儿25名(年龄5~24个月)。全部幼儿按年龄分为3组:组1,年龄≤6个月(DDH 7例,对照7名);组2,6个月<年龄≤12个月(DDH 4例,对照6名);组3,12个月<年龄≤24个月(DDH 23例,对照12名)。在T2 mapping横断面影像上将股骨头软骨分为8个亚区(F1~F8),髋臼软骨分为6个亚区(A1~A6),在每个亚区选取兴趣区(ROI)并测量其T2值。DDH患儿和对照者间的T2值比较采用独立样本t检验。3组DDH患儿各软骨亚区间T2值比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用SNK法。采用Spearman相关分析DDH患儿软骨T2值与年龄的相关性。结果与正常对照者软骨T2值比较,组1中DDH患儿A1、A3亚区的T2值较高(均P<0.05);组2中DDH患儿F3~F5亚区及A1、A3、A4亚区T2值较高(均P<0.05);组3中DDH患儿F1~F8亚区及A1~A4亚区T2值较高(均P<0.05);其他各软骨亚区T2值在正常幼儿与DDH患儿间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。3组DDH患儿各软骨亚区间T2值比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),股骨头软骨中F3~F6亚区的T2值在组2最高,其余4个亚区的T2值均为组1最高(均P<0.05);髋臼软骨各亚区T2值均为组1最高(均P<0.05)。DDH患儿股骨头软骨和髋臼软骨各亚区T2值与年龄呈中度或高度负相关。结论应用T2 mapping成像可定量评价DDH患儿的股骨头软骨及髋臼软骨的生长发育情况,为髋关节软骨的评估提供重要指导。

Dissection of Genetic Mechanism of Abnormal Heading in Hybrid Rice

Abnormal heading in hybrid rice production has caused great economic loss in recent years, but the genetic basis of this phenomenon remains elusive. In this study, we developed four testcross populations using 38 introgression lines （ILs） from Shuhui 527 （SH527）/Fuhui 838 （FH838）//SH527 population as male parents and four male sterile lines （MSLs; namely 11-32A, Xieqingzao A, Gang 46A and Jin 23A） as female parents. Progeny testing allowed us to identify 55 abnormal heading combinations in Hefei, but had late heading date in Hangzhou and Guangzhou of China. By one- and two-way analysis of variance, a total of 21 QTLs and 31 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with photosensitivity were identified in the four populations, respectively. Genotypic analysis showed that the IL parent of most abnormal heading combinations showed some introgressions at markers RM331 and RM3395 on chromosome 8 （strongly associated with the known genes OsHAP3H/DTH8/Ghd8/LHD1） of donor FH838 alleles, and these two markers were also identified as affecting photosensitivity. The observation that the recipient parent （SH527）, donor parent （FH838）, their testcross combinations with four MSLs, and the IL parents of abnormal heading combinations had normal heading date in Hefei suggested that OsHAP3H/DTH8/Ghd8/LHD1 showed no independent regulation on abnormal heading in the abnormal heading combinations. It is noteworthy that complex epistasis among RM331 or RM3395 with other loci, including dominant x additive, additive x dominant, and dominant x dominant epistases, were identified only in the four testcross populations of the current study, but not in the SH527/FH838//SH527 population suggesting the cause of abnormal heading in abnormal heading combinations in Hefei and delayed heading in Hangzhou and Guangzhou.

Surface-based map plasticity of brain regions related to sensory motor and pain information processing after osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Pain is one of the manifestations of hip disorder and has been proven to lead to the remodeling of somatotopic map plasticity in the cortex.However,most studies are volume-based which may lead to inaccurate anatomical positioning of functional data.The methods that work on the cortical surface may be more sensitive than those using the full brain volume and thus be more suitable for map plasticity study.In this prospective cross-sectional study performed in Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China,20 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head(12 males and 8 females,aged 56.80±13.60 years)and 20 healthy controls(9 males and 11 females,aged 54.56±10.23 years)were included in this study.Data of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected.The results revealed that compared with healthy controls,compared with the healthy controls,patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)showed significantly increased surface-based regional homogeneity(Re Ho)in areas distributed mainly in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,frontal eye field,right frontal eye field,and the premotor cortex and decreased surface-based Re Ho in the right primary motor cortex and primary sensory cortex.Regions showing significant differences in surfacebased Re Ho values between the healthy controls and patients with ONFH were defined as the regions of interests.Seed-based functional connectivity was performed to investigate interregional functional synchronization.When the areas with decreased surface-based Re Ho in the frontal eye field and right premotor cortex were used as the regions of interest,compared with the healthy controls,the patients with ONFH displayed increased functional connectivity in the right middle frontal cortex and right inferior parietal cortex and decreased functional connectivity in the right precentral cortex and right middle occipital cortex.Compared with healthy controls,patients with ONFH showed significantly decreased cortical thickness in the para-insular area,posterior insular area,anterior superior temporal area,frontal eye field and supplementary motor cortex and reduced volume of subcortical gray matter nuclei in the right nucleus accumbens.These findings suggest that hip disorder patients showed cortical plasticity changes,mainly in sensorimotor-and pain-related regions.This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(approval No.2018-041)on August 1,2018.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a QTL that promotes flowering in common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)by up-regulating Ehd1

Heading date(flowering time)determines the adaptability of cultivars to different environments.We report the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)responsible for early flowering that was derived from common wild rice(O.rufipogon)under both short-day and longday conditions.The introgression line IL7391,which carried segments from common wild rice in a Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)background,exhibited early heading compared to the background and was crossed with ZH8015 to generate BC_(5)F_(2:3) families for QTL analysis.This enabled the identification of two heading-date QTL,named qHD1b and qHD7,of which the first was selected for further research.High-resolution linkage analysis was performed in BC_(5)F_(4:5) and BC_(5)F_(6) populations,and the location of qHD1b was confined to a 112.7-kb interval containing 17 predicted genes.Five of these genes contained polymorphisms in the promoter or coding regions and were thus considered as candidates.Expression analysis revealed a positive association between LOC_Os01g11940 expression and early heading.This locus was annotated as OsFTL1,which encodes an ortholog of Arabidopsis Flowering Locus T and was the most likely candidate gene for qHD1b.Our study revealed that qHD1b acts as a floral activator that promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1,Hd3a,RFT1,OsMADS14,and OsMADS15 under both shortday and long-day conditions.Field experiments showed that qHD1b affected several yield-related agronomic traits including 1000-grain weight and grain length.qHD1b could be useful for marker-assisted selection and breeding of early-maturing cultivars.

Association mapping of quantitative trait loci for yield-related agronomic traits in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

High yield in rice mainly depends on large grain weight, ideal plant architecture and proper flowering time adapting to various geographic regions. To help achieve higher yield, phenotype variations of heading date（HD）, plant architecture and grain shape in a panel of 416 rice accessions were investigated in this study. A total of 143 markers including 100 simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers and 43 gene-tagged markers were employed in association mapping to detect quantitative trait loci（QTL） responsible for these variations. Among the 7 subpopulations, POP5 in japonica group showed the largest values of HD and grain width（GW）, but the smallest values of grain length（GL） and grain length to width ratio（GLW）. Among the six indica groups, POP7 had the largest values of HD, GL, GLW, and 1 000-grain weight（TGW）. A total of 27 QTLs were detected underlying these phenotypic variations in single year, while 12 of them could be detected in 2006 and 2007. GS3 marker was closely associated with GL, GW and GLW, and widely distributed in different groups. The starch synthesis related gene markers, SSI, SSIIa, SBE1, AGPL4, and ISA1, were linked to plant height（PH）, panicle length（PL）, flag leaf length（FLL）, GW, and GLW. The SSR markers, RM267, RM340 and RM346, were linked to at least two traits. Therefore, these new markers will probably be used to improve rice grain yield or plant architecture when performing marker-assisted selection of proper alleles.

Sentinel lymph node mapping for malignant melanoma of the external auditory canal

We describe a novel technique for sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy of a primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in the medial portion of the external auditory canal. The approach is illustrated through a case report and technical description of a procedure performed under general anesthesia on a 19-year-old female patient. Due to the hidden and sensitive location of the primary tumor in the medial external auditory canal, the lymphoscintigraphy injection had to be performed by the surgeon immediately prior to the resection of her c T2 a N0M0 lesion. Final pathology revealed clear margins at the primary site resection and 2 intraparotid sentinel lymph nodes with microscopic foci of metastatic malignant melanoma, which led to further surgical management. A completion left parotidectomy and neck dissection yielded no additional metastatic disease in the fifty-five nodes that were evaluated. Using this technique, sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy accurately predicted the highest risk lymph nodes for the primary lesion of the medial portion of the external auditory canal.

磁共振T2 map成像对不同ARCO分期股骨头软骨变性的评估价值

目的测量正常及不同ARCO分期条件下坏死股骨头软骨T2 map值的变化,评估其临床应用价值。方法搜集不同ARCO分期坏死股骨头(ARCOI期、ARCOII期、ARCOIII期)及正常股骨头各20例,年龄20-50岁,所有病例均行MRI检查。测量各期坏死及正常股骨头软骨的T2 map值的定量学数据。所有选取坏死及正常研究对象均排除骨质疏松及其他影响观察的基础性疾病。结果随着病情进展,坏死股骨头ARCO分期越高,软骨T2 map值越高,软骨的损害也就越明显;经LSD检验分析提示坏死股骨头ARCOIII期软骨与正常股骨头、ARCOI期、ARCOII期软骨T2 map值之间的差异有统计学意义,P值小于0.05。结论正常股骨头软骨的T2 map的数值大约可界定为(49.39±8.158)之间,临床上可将此区间值作为可能性参考标准;随着股骨头坏死病程的进展,股骨头软骨损伤变性的程度有逐渐加重趋势。

基于Transformer与距离图谱的泛癌细胞核图像分割

肿瘤细胞的密度、核质比和平均尺寸等指标对癌症的分级和预后有重要的意义.在计算病理学中,细胞核分割是肿瘤微环境分析的基础.通过对分割结果进行统计分析,对新的肿瘤标记物的探索有重大的意义.病理图像背景下的细胞核形态不规则,细胞核染色不均匀,且细胞核边缘之间存在黏连的问题,而现有的深度学习算法在细胞核主体分割正确的情况下,边缘的分割错误不会对总体的损失造成太大的影响,黏连的细胞核很容易被当作同一个分割目标.为了解决细胞核重叠问题,本文提出一种基于Transformer与距离图谱的分割模型,将Transformer中的核心多头自注意力机制与距离图谱引导算法相结合,重视细胞核内部,弱化细胞核边界,提升对图像局部和全局上下文信息的学习能力.本文方法在两个公开数据集上的平均Dice系数为0.7979、精度为0.7561、AJI系数为0.6672、Hausdorff距离为10.11.实验结果表明,相较其他分割算法,本文方法的性能更好,能够有效提高细胞核的分割精度,同时较好地解决了细胞核之间的黏连问题.

基于多头注意力机制的手术器械图像分割方法

对手术器械的自动分割是微创手术机器人稳定运行的保障,目前的手术器械分割方法都由串联连接的,容易造成细节丢失。因此,本文提出了一种基于多头注意力机制的手术器械分割方法(ST-HRNet),采用HRNet结构构建并行子网络直接输出高分辨率特征图,防止细节丢失;还融合滑动窗口多头注意力机制来获取全局信息进一步提高分割精度。在Endovis2017手术器械数据集和私有数据集上与Unet、TransUNet、GCnet、HRnet方法进行了对比实验,实验表明ST-HRNet方法效果最佳。

Utility of Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Localizing Perforator Vessels of Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap

Objectives: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is often considered the workhorse in soft tissue reconstruction of head and neck defects secondary to trauma, infection, or tumor resection. Despite its many advantages, ALT flaps have been criticized due to variability in vasculature, which may result in inadequate or non-existent perforators. This retrospective study aims to investigate the utility and validity of positron emission tomography (PET) scan to identify the location and characteristics of perforators to the ALT flap. Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective review of ALT flaps at our institution to identify patients with preoperative PET scans available for analysis. Three reviewers (attending physician, fellow, and resident) were asked to identify the number, location, and characteristics (myocutaneous versus septocutaneous) of ALT perforators on imaging, and reviewer agreement was assessed. Results were then compared to available operative data. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients were identified who underwent ALT free flap surgery. Thirty-eight preoperative PET scans were identified for review. At least one perforator was identified in 92.1% of scans. Agreement percentages regarding the number of perforators ranged from 53% - 61% whereas agreement regarding the location of a single perforator ranged from 79% - 90%. However, reviewers did not agree regarding the type of perforator, with agreement ranging from 34% - 53%. Poor agreement was observed when compared to intraoperative data, with the number of perforators ranging from 26% - 34% and the type of perforator 11% - 24%. These findings are likely due to insufficient data available in operative reports. Conclusion: Although initial studies suggest that PET scan shows promising evidence to support the capacity to preoperatively identify ALT perforators, future prospective studies are warranted to fully validate these findings.

一个水稻类树稻突变体(leafy head 3)基因的精细定位

从常规粳稻常优94后代中筛选到一份自然突变的抽穗期延迟的类树稻突变体lhd3(leafy head 3)。在短日照条件下,与野生型比较,lhd3突变体在生长后期,上部节间会继续长出叶片(一般为3片)和高位分蘖,类似于树的侧枝生长,抽穗期延迟,但基部分蘖数不受影响。经典遗传分析表明,lhd3与籼稻南京6号的F2群体中,正常植株与类树稻植株的分离比符合3∶1,说明此性状受单隐性基因控制。利用该群体进行图位克隆,将LHD3基因定位在水稻第1染色体短臂的两个新发展的STS标记wpla3和wpla25之间。再利用5个新发展的STS和CAPS标记,最终将该基因精细定位在WX6和CAPS1两个标记之间,物理距离约为60 kb。通过水稻基因组注释系统共预测到10个开放阅读框(ORF)。对该基因的进一步克隆将有助于阐明水稻生育期和叶原基发育调控机理。

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of the Purple Gene in Purple Heading Chinese Cabbage

To analyze genetic linkage and map purple gene(Br Pur) controlling purple inner leaves trait of Chinese cabbage, a F2 population was constructed by selfing a F1 plant from homozygous purple heading line ‘14S839' and homozygous orange heading line ‘14S162'. The phenotype investigation of head color showed that the segregation ratio of purple to non-purple individuals was consistent with the expected ratio of 3:1,which indicated that purple inner leaves trait is controlled by a single dominant gene. A total of 297 SSRs in whole genome of Chinese cabbage were tested by modified Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA) method. Two linked markers flanking Br Pur, A710 and A714, were obtained and Br Pur was mapped on linkage group A07 based on the sequence of these two markers. Subsequently, two new markers flanking Br Pur, CL-12 and B214-87, were developed based on two known anthocyanins-related genes, Br4CL3 and Bra004214. Genetic mapping of all markers in the F2 mapping population showed CL-12 and B214-87 linked to Br Pur with the genetic distance of 3.1 c M and 3.5 c M, respectively.

A Cognitive Study of “Head” Metaphors in English and Chinese

In point of cognitive view,metaphor is not only an ornamental devices used in rhetorical style,but also a kind of powerful cogni-tive tools for our conceptualization of the world and a thinking way of humanity.Human beings' cognition rule determines that humanbody and organs are the basis of human experience.People know the objective world through the metaphorical cognition of human bodyinitially,and the human-body metaphor is the most general way of thinking for the primitive people.Head is considered an importantpart of human body and head behaves abundant metaphor properties.Based on the English and Chinese corpus,this paper has made acontrastive study on the metaphoric features of expressions involving the Chinese"Tou"and English"Head",throughing light on similar-ities and differences in metaphorical construction and operation mechanism.

利用高密度Bin遗传图谱定位水稻抽穗期QTL

挖掘新的控制水稻抽穗期相关位点和候选基因,对抽穗期的遗传机制研究和品种改良具有重要的意义。利用抽穗期存在明显差异的粳稻TD70和籼稻Kasalath杂交衍生的包含186个家系的重组自交系群体,构建了基于深度重测序的高密度Bin遗传图谱,图谱共包含12,328个Bin标记。RIL群体及亲本2018年和2021年正季种植于江苏省南京市江苏省农业科学院。以家系从播种到抽穗所经历的天数作为抽穗期表型值,使用IciMapping软件3.4版的完备区间作图法,对控制水稻抽穗期的QTL进行鉴定。2年共检测到15个抽穗期的QTL,分布在3号、6号、7号、8号、10号和12号染色体上,LOD值为2.58~10.68,其中7个QTL和已知抽穗期QTL的位置存在重叠或者部分重叠。共有4个QTL在2年均检测到,表现出较强的稳定性。对2年重复鉴定到的4个QTL区间进行基因功能注释和亲本间序列分析,共发现7个注释有功能,且在2个亲本间编码区存在非同义突变的基因。根据候选基因SNP的类型对RIL群体家系进行基因等位型分类和效应分析,发现4个基因其不同等位型的RIL家系在抽穗期上存在显著或者极显著差异,推测可能为候选基因,可用于后续水稻抽穗期的分子机制研究。

谷子抽穗期突变体jt1242-14b的遗传分析和定位

为鉴定控制谷子抽穗的关键基因,通过甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methylsulfonate,EMS)诱变谷子参考基因组测序品种豫谷1号,获得遗传稳定的谷子超早抽穗突变体jt1242-14b.与豫谷1号相比,jt1242-14b抽穗期明显提前,茎秆变细,叶片变窄、变短.遗传分析表明,突变性状受隐性单基因控制.以SSR41(父本)、jt1242-14b(母本)和F2群体进行突变基因定位,结果表明,该基因位于第9号染色体,在分子标记In4746和In9-11之间的4447 kb之内.进一步测序比对分析发现突变位点位于PHYB基因内部,因此,PHYB很可能是该早熟突变体的目标基因.本研究为谷子早抽穗基因克隆及PHYB基因功能研究提供材料基础.

激素性股骨头坏死囊性变分布规律及病理特点

背景:股骨头力学承载能力下降是引起股骨头塌陷的主要原因,而囊性变的产生影响了髋关节正常的力学传导途径,但目前很少有文献对股骨头坏死发展过程中二者的关系进行探索。目的:结合热力图模型和激素性股骨头坏死病理结果探讨激素性股骨头坏死囊性变的分布规律及病理特点。方法:以2021年6-12月于广州中医药大学第三附属医院被诊断为激素性股骨头坏死的30例(30髋)患者为研究对象,提取激素性股骨头坏死囊性变轮廓线,将轮廓线匹配至标准股骨头模型上,对轮廓线进行热图呈现;统计股骨头坏死位置与坏死面积,研究二者之间的关系;苏木精-伊红染色观察股骨头标本骨组织形态结构变化。结果与结论:①通过构建激素性股骨头坏死囊性变热力图及结合股骨头病理结果发现,激素性股骨头坏死囊性变好发于股骨头中外侧柱,相较于内侧柱囊性变的面积而言,外侧柱囊性变面积最大,且随着囊性变发生位置的内移,其面积也会随着减小;②并且囊性变周围散在分布微小骨折线,它可能是影响股骨头力学承载能力和头内稳定性的重要因素之一。

思维导图辅助的翻转课堂在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学临床教学中的应用价值

目的探讨思维导图辅助的翻转课堂在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学临床教学中的应用价值。方法选取西安医学院2017级临床医学专业本科4个班60名见习学生作为研究对象,随机将其分为试验组和对照组,各30名。试验组实施思维导图辅助的翻转课堂,对照组实施传统的临床实践教学。比较两组的应用效果。结果试验组的理论知识、实践操作考核成绩高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的激发学习兴趣、增强主动学习能力、提高思辨能力、提升沟通交流能力、培养临床诊疗思维、思维导图制作及分析、有利于临床实践的掌握和运用以及本课程的实用性评估结果显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论思维导图辅助的翻转课堂应用于耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学的本科生临床教学中取得了良好的教学效果。