通过研究区3口钻井岩芯、测井、录井资料分析,结合薄片鉴定、阴极发光、X衍射、同位素及微量元素分析等分析手段,对呵叻盆地二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育特征及沉积模式进行了系统分析。研究表明,呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组发育缓坡型...通过研究区3口钻井岩芯、测井、录井资料分析,结合薄片鉴定、阴极发光、X衍射、同位素及微量元素分析等分析手段,对呵叻盆地二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育特征及沉积模式进行了系统分析。研究表明,呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组发育缓坡型无障壁碳酸盐台地沉积,研究区位于碳酸盐台地前缘斜坡部位,以海水浪基面为界,可划分为台地前缘浅水斜坡亚相及较深水斜坡亚相。浅水斜坡亚相指示沉积环境为位于浪基面以下或附近、水动力弱、弱还原—弱氧化的台地前缘斜坡环境;较深水斜坡亚相组合指示沉积环境为位于浪基面以下、水体较深、水动力弱、弱还原—中等还原的前缘斜坡环境。整体来看,研究区二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积时期主要为水体较深、水动力弱、垂向上沉积环境稳定的低能环境沉积。该沉积环境不利于形成良好的基质孔隙条件,有利储层发育主要取决于碳酸盐岩地层后期改造程度。展开更多
为明确泰国呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组储层特征,对研究区YPT1、YPT2和YPT3三口取心井岩心进行了详细观察、铸体薄片及扫描电镜分析,进而对二叠系Pha Nok Khao组岩性特征、裂缝及孔隙发育特征进行了系统的研究。研究表明:二叠系Pha No...为明确泰国呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组储层特征,对研究区YPT1、YPT2和YPT3三口取心井岩心进行了详细观察、铸体薄片及扫描电镜分析,进而对二叠系Pha Nok Khao组岩性特征、裂缝及孔隙发育特征进行了系统的研究。研究表明:二叠系Pha Nok Khao组碳酸盐岩以灰色、浅灰色、深灰色泥晶灰岩、深灰色含云质泥晶灰岩、深灰色含碳泥晶灰岩和深黑色碳质泥岩为主;性硬、脆,质较纯。储层裂缝较发育,主要为细缝及微裂缝,但裂缝均被方解石完全充填,部分微裂缝未被充填。孔隙发育程度差到不发育,偶见晶间微孔隙零星分布。碳酸盐岩主要以泥晶结构为主,发育少量微晶结构。未见溶蚀孔隙和白云岩化晶间孔隙发育。展开更多
为明确呵叻盆地H区二叠系Pha Nok Khao组沉积特征,综合利用钻井、测井、地震、岩心以及分析化验等资料,研究目的层的沉积环境、岩性、地震相等特征,明确了沉积微相的分布规律,从而得到二叠系Pha Nok Khao组碳酸盐岩沉积模式。研究表明:...为明确呵叻盆地H区二叠系Pha Nok Khao组沉积特征,综合利用钻井、测井、地震、岩心以及分析化验等资料,研究目的层的沉积环境、岩性、地震相等特征,明确了沉积微相的分布规律,从而得到二叠系Pha Nok Khao组碳酸盐岩沉积模式。研究表明:二叠系Pha Nok Khao组为海相碳酸盐岩沉积,岩性主要为泥晶灰岩,岩心相均表现为碳酸盐岩台地前缘斜坡相沉积,地震剖面特征表现出3类反射特征,从而确定出3个地震相带;区内主要发育碳酸盐岩台地前缘缓坡相沉积,而Pha Nok Khao组主要为下缓坡沉积,仅Khao-1层上缓坡沉积范围较广。在详细分析沉积微相分布特征的基础上,确定了本区的碳酸盐岩台地缓坡沉积模式。展开更多
The Khao Ya Puk Formation (>400 m thick) is well exposed in the Nakhon Thai Region, and is subdivided into three members. The Khao Ya Puk Formation overlies conformably on top of the anhydrite layer of the upper ro...The Khao Ya Puk Formation (>400 m thick) is well exposed in the Nakhon Thai Region, and is subdivided into three members. The Khao Ya Puk Formation overlies conformably on top of the anhydrite layer of the upper rock salt Maha Sarakham Formation. In turn, it is overlain unconformably by the Phu Khat Formation. The Khao Ya Puk Formation is interpreted to have been deposited by freshwater lake area in arid climate inland subkha in the Late Cretaceous. Lithostatigraphically, Khao Ya Puk Formation can be correlated with the Phu Tok Formation that has been deposited in the Khorat-Ubon basin and Udon-Sakon basin of the Khorat Plateau.展开更多
通过含有pCAMBIA1300载体(抗潮霉素基因(hpt)作为选择标记基因)的根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105的介导,将326个银合欢I型碱性壳多糖酶基因(KB3,GenBank登录号为:AAM49597)的氨基酸导入到籼稻Khao Dawk Mali 105(KDML 105)植株中,获得了KDML 105...通过含有pCAMBIA1300载体(抗潮霉素基因(hpt)作为选择标记基因)的根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105的介导,将326个银合欢I型碱性壳多糖酶基因(KB3,GenBank登录号为:AAM49597)的氨基酸导入到籼稻Khao Dawk Mali 105(KDML 105)植株中,获得了KDML 105籼稻的愈伤组织。pCAMBIA1300载体包含有CaMV35S启动子、银合欢壳多糖酶基因和NOS终止子。在NB培养基的水稻秧苗中愈伤组织的转化率为94%.在培养温度为28℃,以含有4 mg/l BAP和7 g/l植物凝胶再生培养基的条件下,愈伤组织的再生频率高达80%.为了建立一个KDML 105农杆菌转化方法,考察了各方面的因素。共培养期间,在培养基中添加50μM的乙酰丁香酮对提高瞬时转化率非常重要。4周龄的盾片衍生的愈伤组织是最佳的起始材料。添加40 mg/l潮霉素和400 mg/l头孢霉素的NB培养基是水稻愈伤组织选择性转化的最佳培养基,其转化率达到78%.采用PCR、Northern Blot杂交凝胶、Southern Blot杂交凝胶和GUS分析技术研究了愈伤组织和转基因水稻中的壳多糖酶和gus基因的表达。壳多糖酶和gus基因在水稻的多个部位被检测到,包括愈伤组织、叶、根、茎和秧苗,但是它们在水稻根部的含量较少。抗真菌的水稻壳多糖酶表现出抗串珠镰刀菌的性质。展开更多
The outcrop samples of the Tak Fa Formation(Lower Permian)in Phetchabun Province have been studied to determine their organic geochemical characteristic,depositional paleoenvironment,and hydrocarbon generation potenti...The outcrop samples of the Tak Fa Formation(Lower Permian)in Phetchabun Province have been studied to determine their organic geochemical characteristic,depositional paleoenvironment,and hydrocarbon generation potential.The total organic carbon(TOC)values ranging from 1.42 to 4.58 wt%and extractable organic matter values ranging from 76.84 to 197.65 ppm of the Tak Fa Formation were generally low and associated with low S2 values(0.00-0.50 mg HC/g rock)and hydrogen index values in range of 0-32 mg/g TOC,although this could reflect highly thermal maturity and complex tectonic history.Thus,kerogen classification can be based on a nonbiomarker study for these outcrop samples instead.The non-biomarker plot,Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 from this study indicates that organic matter originally comes from typeⅡ/III kerogen.The samples were also investigated and indicated that the organic matter inputs were derived from mixed marine and terrigenous sources and deposited under suboxic to oxic conditions.The depositional environment of the Tak Fa Formation in this study is interpreted to be an estuarine environment or restricted lagoonal carbonate platforms.This has been achieved from normal alkane and isoprenoids distributions,terpane,and sterane biomarkers.Thus,the Tak Fa Formation is considered to be a hydrocarbon source rock during the time of the deposition.Although the geochemical data in this study indicate that the Tak Fa Formation has experienced high maturation,one or more locations could meet a condition that places this formation to be an active source rock.The approach and concepts presented in this study can be applied to similar evaporite-carbonate deposits in Thailand to find more petroleum plays.展开更多
RJF （red jungle fowl） （Gallus gallus gallus） is territorial birds. Only males advertise and defend territory by metals of crows and combat fighting in severe cases. Crows are testosterone dependent and use up to 4...RJF （red jungle fowl） （Gallus gallus gallus） is territorial birds. Only males advertise and defend territory by metals of crows and combat fighting in severe cases. Crows are testosterone dependent and use up to 4-5% of their basal metabolic rate. Crows race individual voice signatures which differ in tone, duration and vibration. Crows together with radio-telemetry were used here to locate night roosts of dominant males. Between 2005 and 2009, 10 despots were intensively monitored. Outermost locations of individual＇s roosts were connected to form territory and a distance of 50 m was buffered to individual＇s territory to yield home range. Data indicated strong site fidelity of dominant males. The longest territory tenure was 31 months. The life time territory of males was on average 10.24 ha （±1.73 SE） and a home range was 17.59 ha （±2.15 SE）. Average yearly territory vmcied between 5.48 and 10.88 ha per individual and rarely overlapped. Some roosts were used repeatedly at the same point. In the night, RJF was relatively safe and difficult to approach both vertically and horizontally. Roost site selections were thus a trade-off between security and territory proclamation.展开更多
将高温(>100℃)流态化干燥和缓苏相结合干燥泰国香稻(Khao Dawk Mali105,籼稻),使其湿含量降至13-14%(湿基),以便于安全贮存。研究了干燥与贮存过程对籼米香味和磨粉品质的影响。泰国香稻需要经过两个干燥阶段。第一阶段是在高温流...将高温(>100℃)流态化干燥和缓苏相结合干燥泰国香稻(Khao Dawk Mali105,籼稻),使其湿含量降至13-14%(湿基),以便于安全贮存。研究了干燥与贮存过程对籼米香味和磨粉品质的影响。泰国香稻需要经过两个干燥阶段。第一阶段是在高温流化床中干燥,缓苏30分钟,然后返回高温流化床干燥或阴干,直至湿含量降低到安全贮存水平。实验结果表明,干燥温度对香稻的整精米率(HRY)、白度指数(WI)和2AP含量均有影响。多数干燥温度下整精米率的水平都比较低,但150℃除外,此情况下整精米率(p≤0.05)显著提高。然而,当一次流态化干燥和缓苏之后,以阴干代替二次流态化干燥,香稻的整精米率显著增加,尤其是在135℃和50℃时(p≤0.05)。在贮存期间,白度指数和2AP含量显著降低(p≤0.05),而整精米率保持不变。对比环境温度(28-30℃)和15℃贮存温度,结果表明保持香米2AP含量和白度指数的适宜保存温度是15℃。然而贮存条件对整精米率影响不大(p>0.05)。本研究将有益于泰国香米行业的发展,为泰国香米的干燥起到指导性作用。展开更多
文摘通过研究区3口钻井岩芯、测井、录井资料分析,结合薄片鉴定、阴极发光、X衍射、同位素及微量元素分析等分析手段,对呵叻盆地二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育特征及沉积模式进行了系统分析。研究表明,呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组发育缓坡型无障壁碳酸盐台地沉积,研究区位于碳酸盐台地前缘斜坡部位,以海水浪基面为界,可划分为台地前缘浅水斜坡亚相及较深水斜坡亚相。浅水斜坡亚相指示沉积环境为位于浪基面以下或附近、水动力弱、弱还原—弱氧化的台地前缘斜坡环境;较深水斜坡亚相组合指示沉积环境为位于浪基面以下、水体较深、水动力弱、弱还原—中等还原的前缘斜坡环境。整体来看,研究区二叠系碳酸盐岩沉积时期主要为水体较深、水动力弱、垂向上沉积环境稳定的低能环境沉积。该沉积环境不利于形成良好的基质孔隙条件,有利储层发育主要取决于碳酸盐岩地层后期改造程度。
文摘为明确泰国呵叻盆地二叠系Pha Nok Khao组储层特征,对研究区YPT1、YPT2和YPT3三口取心井岩心进行了详细观察、铸体薄片及扫描电镜分析,进而对二叠系Pha Nok Khao组岩性特征、裂缝及孔隙发育特征进行了系统的研究。研究表明:二叠系Pha Nok Khao组碳酸盐岩以灰色、浅灰色、深灰色泥晶灰岩、深灰色含云质泥晶灰岩、深灰色含碳泥晶灰岩和深黑色碳质泥岩为主;性硬、脆,质较纯。储层裂缝较发育,主要为细缝及微裂缝,但裂缝均被方解石完全充填,部分微裂缝未被充填。孔隙发育程度差到不发育,偶见晶间微孔隙零星分布。碳酸盐岩主要以泥晶结构为主,发育少量微晶结构。未见溶蚀孔隙和白云岩化晶间孔隙发育。
文摘为明确呵叻盆地H区二叠系Pha Nok Khao组沉积特征,综合利用钻井、测井、地震、岩心以及分析化验等资料,研究目的层的沉积环境、岩性、地震相等特征,明确了沉积微相的分布规律,从而得到二叠系Pha Nok Khao组碳酸盐岩沉积模式。研究表明:二叠系Pha Nok Khao组为海相碳酸盐岩沉积,岩性主要为泥晶灰岩,岩心相均表现为碳酸盐岩台地前缘斜坡相沉积,地震剖面特征表现出3类反射特征,从而确定出3个地震相带;区内主要发育碳酸盐岩台地前缘缓坡相沉积,而Pha Nok Khao组主要为下缓坡沉积,仅Khao-1层上缓坡沉积范围较广。在详细分析沉积微相分布特征的基础上,确定了本区的碳酸盐岩台地缓坡沉积模式。
文摘The Khao Ya Puk Formation (>400 m thick) is well exposed in the Nakhon Thai Region, and is subdivided into three members. The Khao Ya Puk Formation overlies conformably on top of the anhydrite layer of the upper rock salt Maha Sarakham Formation. In turn, it is overlain unconformably by the Phu Khat Formation. The Khao Ya Puk Formation is interpreted to have been deposited by freshwater lake area in arid climate inland subkha in the Late Cretaceous. Lithostatigraphically, Khao Ya Puk Formation can be correlated with the Phu Tok Formation that has been deposited in the Khorat-Ubon basin and Udon-Sakon basin of the Khorat Plateau.
基金financial support from the Ratchadaphisek Somphot Endowment Fund under Outstanding Research Performance Program, Science Super Ⅲ (Department)-009, Chulalongkorn University
文摘The outcrop samples of the Tak Fa Formation(Lower Permian)in Phetchabun Province have been studied to determine their organic geochemical characteristic,depositional paleoenvironment,and hydrocarbon generation potential.The total organic carbon(TOC)values ranging from 1.42 to 4.58 wt%and extractable organic matter values ranging from 76.84 to 197.65 ppm of the Tak Fa Formation were generally low and associated with low S2 values(0.00-0.50 mg HC/g rock)and hydrogen index values in range of 0-32 mg/g TOC,although this could reflect highly thermal maturity and complex tectonic history.Thus,kerogen classification can be based on a nonbiomarker study for these outcrop samples instead.The non-biomarker plot,Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 from this study indicates that organic matter originally comes from typeⅡ/III kerogen.The samples were also investigated and indicated that the organic matter inputs were derived from mixed marine and terrigenous sources and deposited under suboxic to oxic conditions.The depositional environment of the Tak Fa Formation in this study is interpreted to be an estuarine environment or restricted lagoonal carbonate platforms.This has been achieved from normal alkane and isoprenoids distributions,terpane,and sterane biomarkers.Thus,the Tak Fa Formation is considered to be a hydrocarbon source rock during the time of the deposition.Although the geochemical data in this study indicate that the Tak Fa Formation has experienced high maturation,one or more locations could meet a condition that places this formation to be an active source rock.The approach and concepts presented in this study can be applied to similar evaporite-carbonate deposits in Thailand to find more petroleum plays.
文摘RJF （red jungle fowl） （Gallus gallus gallus） is territorial birds. Only males advertise and defend territory by metals of crows and combat fighting in severe cases. Crows are testosterone dependent and use up to 4-5% of their basal metabolic rate. Crows race individual voice signatures which differ in tone, duration and vibration. Crows together with radio-telemetry were used here to locate night roosts of dominant males. Between 2005 and 2009, 10 despots were intensively monitored. Outermost locations of individual＇s roosts were connected to form territory and a distance of 50 m was buffered to individual＇s territory to yield home range. Data indicated strong site fidelity of dominant males. The longest territory tenure was 31 months. The life time territory of males was on average 10.24 ha （±1.73 SE） and a home range was 17.59 ha （±2.15 SE）. Average yearly territory vmcied between 5.48 and 10.88 ha per individual and rarely overlapped. Some roosts were used repeatedly at the same point. In the night, RJF was relatively safe and difficult to approach both vertically and horizontally. Roost site selections were thus a trade-off between security and territory proclamation.
文摘将高温(>100℃)流态化干燥和缓苏相结合干燥泰国香稻(Khao Dawk Mali105,籼稻),使其湿含量降至13-14%(湿基),以便于安全贮存。研究了干燥与贮存过程对籼米香味和磨粉品质的影响。泰国香稻需要经过两个干燥阶段。第一阶段是在高温流化床中干燥,缓苏30分钟,然后返回高温流化床干燥或阴干,直至湿含量降低到安全贮存水平。实验结果表明,干燥温度对香稻的整精米率(HRY)、白度指数(WI)和2AP含量均有影响。多数干燥温度下整精米率的水平都比较低,但150℃除外,此情况下整精米率(p≤0.05)显著提高。然而,当一次流态化干燥和缓苏之后,以阴干代替二次流态化干燥,香稻的整精米率显著增加,尤其是在135℃和50℃时(p≤0.05)。在贮存期间,白度指数和2AP含量显著降低(p≤0.05),而整精米率保持不变。对比环境温度(28-30℃)和15℃贮存温度,结果表明保持香米2AP含量和白度指数的适宜保存温度是15℃。然而贮存条件对整精米率影响不大(p>0.05)。本研究将有益于泰国香米行业的发展,为泰国香米的干燥起到指导性作用。
