蒙古Khuvsgul湖HDP09湖芯中地下玄武岩的K-Ar年龄:对贝加尔裂谷起始时间的估计（英文）

HDP09 core drilled in Lake Khuvsgul,Mongoria,at 50°52'48 'N,100°26'30' E where the water depth is 222.25 m reached to the depth of ~60 m below lake floor in 2006.The bottom part of the core consists of alkali basalt.This basalt consists of the basement of the lake Khuvsgul based on its bulk chemistry and core position plotted on the seismic profile.K-Ar age of the basalt is(8.5±0.2) Ma,which is concordant with the on-land basalt distributed in the eastern part of the lake,and implies the maximum age of the Lake Khuvsgul formation.

从Borsog湾Khuvsgul湖的湖泊沉积物推得的蒙古北部全新世水文环境的变化（英文）

A 13-m long sediment core from Borsog Bay of Lake Khuvsgul,northern Mongolia records hydro-environmental changes during the past 10000 years;three rapid environmental changes(ca.2700 a BP,ca.6000 a BP and ca.8000 a BP based on ^(14)C dates of organic carbon materials) are detected in depth profiles of sediment physical properties.Temporal changes in the physical properties of the core(grain size,grain density and water content) also suggest three periods of large discharge from outside and three periods of stable input(200-500 cm,800-980 cm and 1050-1200 cm).The sedimentation rates in the stable period are 0.102 cm·a^(-1),0.085 cm·a^(-1) and 0.139 cm·a^(-1),respectively.The periods of large discharge likely correspond to the intervals of the three rapid environmental changes,indicating that there were three rapid and high discharge periods related to melt water and/or heavy rainfall during the past 10000 years in this region.The analytical results also show that the physical properties are valuable in reconstructing past hydro-geomorphological fluctuations in the lake-catchment system.

Morphological Feature and Physicochemical Characteristics of Soils under Festuca spp. Dominant Steppe at High Mountain and Mountain of Khuvsgul, Mongolia

The morphology, physicochemical, humic substances and micromorphological characteristics of four soil profiles of the steppe dominant by Festuca lenensis (F. lenensis) at the high mountain and mountain of Khuvsgul, Mongolia were studied. Soils were classified as Regosols and Leptosols at high mountain steppe, Leptosols and Cambisols at mountain steppe. On a high mountain, the plant root distribution, OC, N and moisture contents were high due to its high precipitation and low temperature. The soils show immature characteristics with low available nutrients, weakly developed crumb structure, many semi- and undecomposed plant residues, and few little organic pigments with few excrements. The humic acids with immature to degraded characteristics indicate that the climatic condition of high mountains inhibits the soil decomposition process. Due to extremely different landform positions, there a sharp difference was observed between studied soils on high mountain steppe. On the summit with a flat position, the soil of TSO1 showed finer soil texture with higher CEC, exchangeable Mg2+ and humification degree of SOM compared with the soil of TSO2, which located on the steep slope. This confirms that the abrupt changes in landform on high mountain strongly affect the properties of topsoil. On the mountain steppe, the soil contains higher exchangeable Na+, exchangeable K+ and water soluble at topsoil;however, the plant root distribution, OC, N and moisture contents were lower than that of high mountain soil. Because of warmer air and soil temperature in comparison with that of high elevation, active turnover in humic horizon and chemical weathering process lead to higher available nutrients in mountain steppe. The degraded to well humified characteristics of humic acid, moderately developed crumb structure, a higher component of little organic pigment and many intact excrements indicate that the soil decomposition process and biological activity were higher than that of the high mountain steppe. Our finding suggests that the climatic condition dependent on altitude and landform position at the high mountain and mountain of Khuvsgul had a large impact and played a key role in the soil properties and characteristics of steppe dominant by F. lenensis.

Impacts of Modern Glacier Changes on Surface Water Resources in Western and Northern Mongolia

Water trapped in glaciers and in lakes impounded by landforms created by glaciers (glacial lakes) are an important component of the hydrology and water resources in high mountain areas of Central Asia. Changes in modern glaciers and glacial lakes are an important component of the hydrology of watersheds in the Mongolian Altai and Khuvsgul Mountain Ranges, western and northern Mongolia, respectively. Here we focus on Mt. Ikh Turgen and Mt. Munkh Saridag, isolated mountains of the Mongolian Altai and Khuvsgul Mountain Ranges, respectively. We use remote sensing to track changes in modern glaciers over time with mapping at scales of 1:200,000 for Mt. Ikh Turgen and 1:90,000 for Mt. Munkh Saridag based on imagery from Google Earth, 30 m resolution Aster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and 30 m resolution Landsat 5 TM. Mt. Ikh Turgen lost 45.6% of its total glacier area between 1970 (41.4 km2) and 2011 (18.9 km2) and the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) of the glaciers increased in elevation by 98 m and 144 m on north and south aspects, respectively. Mt. Munkh Saridag lost 57.3% of its total glacier area between 1970 (901 m2) and 2007 (381 m2) and the local ELA rose by 47 m and 80 m on north and south aspects, respectively. These mountains are located at similar latitudes, and so the greater percentage loss of glacier area in Mt. Munkh Saridag and faster changes in ELAs in Mt. Ikh Turgen may reflect variations in elevation and aspect, duration of solar radiation, and vulnerability to solar radiation, as well as variations in glacier scale. This study demonstrates the importance of spatial analyses of modern glaciers in understanding the context of hydrological changes within which any sustainable water resource management plan must be situated.

贝加尔地区(西伯利亚和蒙古)湖水集水系统和沉积物信息（英文）

Sediment information is closely related to a lake-catchment system.Lake Baikal and Lake Khuvsgul in the Baikal depression have shown different sedimentary trends during the past 800 ka;the sediment discharge(sedimentation rate) in Baikal basically followed the global climatic change,whereas that in Khuvsgul did not always do so.An elementary mathematical model is used to explain the difference,considering changes in the catchment area and water level.Numerical calculations based on the model suggest that sedimentary conditions are closely related to changes in the water level and erosion area,which probably had a significant influence on Lake Khuvsgul and little influence on Lake Baikal.