A nonlinear creep model for surrounding rocks of tunnels based on kinetic energy theorem

The initiating condition for the accelerated creep of rocks has caused difficulty in analyzing the whole creep process.Moreover,the existing Nishihara model has evident shortcomings in describing the accelerated creep characteristics of the viscoplastic stage from the perspective of internal energy to analyze the mechanism of rock creep failure and determine the threshold of accelerated creep initiation.Based on the kinetic energy theorem,Perzyna viscoplastic theory,and the Nishihara model,a unified creep constitutive model that can describe the whole process of decaying creep,stable creep,and accelerated creep is established.Results reveal that the energy consumption and creep damage in the process of creep loading mainly come from the internal energy changes of geotechnical materials.The established creep model can not only describe the viscoelasticeplastic creep characteristics of rock,but also reflect the relationship between rock energy and creep deformation change.In addition,the research results provide a new method for determining the critical point of creep deformation and a new idea for studying the creep model and creep mechanical properties.

Bus mass estimation algorithm based on kinetic energy theorem

Bus mass is an important factor that affects fuel consumption and one of the key input parameters associated with automatic shift and hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） energy management strategy. A city bus mass estimation method based on kinetic energy theorem was proposed in this paper. The real-time data including vehicle speed and engine torque were collected by a remote data acquisition system. The samples in the process of being accelerated were selected to conduct vehicle mass estimation at the same bus stop with the same gear. The average estimation error is 2. 92% after the verification by actual data. Compared with the method based on recursive least squares, the algorithm based on kinetic energy theorem requires less sample length and the estimation error is smaller. Therefore, the method is more suitable for the bus mass estimation. The influences of gear, rolling resistance coefficient, wind resistance coefficient and road slope on mass estimation accuracy were analyzed.

Dynamic Response of Ocean Trestle to Horizontal Impact of Moving Mass

Based on the Winkler hypothesis, a model for analysis of the flexural response of an ocean trestle embedded in layered soil to horizontal impact of a moving mass is developed. By use of the transfer matrix in Lime domain, one can calculate the flexural dynamic response of a single pile. Then, by use of the boundary conditions of piles at the pile top, the dynamic response of the structure is analyzed. By use of the model proposed in this paper, the interactive force between the moving mass and the structure can be computed based on Work's kinetic energy theorem and Newton iterative method. Thus the approach does not have to assume the interactive force, while the traditional method have to. The approach more accords with the engineering practice than the traditional method and it is convenient for engineering design.

A Combined Numerical-Experimental Study on the Noise Power Spectrum Produced by an Electromagnetic Sensor for Slurry Flow

The signals generated by electromagnetic flow sensors used for slurry fluids are often affected by noise interference produced by interaction with the slurry itself.In this study,the power spectrum characteristics of the signal are studied,and an attempt is made to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the related noise and the velocity and concentration of the slurry fluid.Dedicated experiments are conducted and the related power spectrum curve is obtained processing the signal measured by the sensor with Matlab.Numerical simulations are also carried out in the frame of an Eulerian approach in order get additional insights into the considered problem through comparison with the experimental results.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The intensity of noise is directly proportional to the number of solid particles colliding with the electrode of the electromagnetic flow sensor per unit time,and to the square of the average velocity of the flow layer near the pipe wall.(2)With an increase in the slurry noise intensity,the power spectrum curve shifts upward in the logarithmic coordinate system(and vice versa).

Research on the Optimal Strategy of"Working Together with One Heart"Project

The"Working Together with One Heart"project,also known as the"One Heart Drum"project,is a collaboration skill development project,which assesses the collaboration skills of its team members.In this paper,the method of combining actual problems with physical model analysis is used to determine the influence of different factors in the project operation,and a geometric analysis model is also established.Through MATLAB simulation and assignment operation,the optimal strategy of the project is finally obtained.