Background and aim Few studies have reported hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)kinetics after nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)discontinuation in patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The study specifically inves...Background and aim Few studies have reported hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)kinetics after nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)discontinuation in patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The study specifically investigated long-term HBsAg kinetics after NA discontinuation.Methods Between January 2014 to January 2024,this study prospectively enrolled 106 outpatients with noncirrhotic CHB who met the discontinuation criteria after NA consolidation treatment.Demographic,clinical,and laboratory data were collected and analyzed after NA discontinuation.Results Ninety-six patients who finished 5 years of follow-up were included.HBsAg remained undetectable in 29 patients with end of treatment(EOT)HBsAg negativity.Among 67 patients with EOT HBsAg positivity,HBsAg seroclearance occurred in 12(17.9%)patients with an estimated annual incidence of HBsAg seroclearance of 3.6%.Patients with EOT HBsAg levels of≤1000 IU/mL had a higher HBsAg seroclearance rate than those with EOT HBsAg levels of>1000 IU/mL(33.3%vs.5.4%).The proportion of patients with HBsAg≤1000 IU/mL increased during follow-up.Logistic regression analysis indicated that the EOT HBsAg level was an independent factor for HBsAg seroclearance and an HBsAg level decline exceeding 1 log10 IU/mL.The optimal EOT HBsAg cutoff for both HBsAg seroclearance and an HBsAg level decline exceeding 1 log10 IU/mL was 359 IU/mL.Conclusions Patients with EOT HBsAg negativity experienced no relapse and maintained HBsAg seroclearance during 5 years of follow-up after NA discontinuation.A higher HBsAg seroclearance rate can be obtained in patients with EOT HBsAg levels of≤1000 IU/mL during 5 years of follow-up after NA discontinuation.Close monitoring and proper NA retreatment are recommended to guarantee the safety of NA discontinuation.展开更多
Disinfection by-products(DBPs)are formed in swimming pools by the reactions of bather inputs with the disinfectant.Although a wide range of molecules has been identified within DBPs,only few kinetic rates have been re...Disinfection by-products(DBPs)are formed in swimming pools by the reactions of bather inputs with the disinfectant.Although a wide range of molecules has been identified within DBPs,only few kinetic rates have been reported.This study investigates the kinetics of chlorine consumption,chloroform formation and dichloroacetonitrile formation caused by human releases.Since the flux and main components of human inputs have been determined and formalized through Body Fluid Analogs(BFAs),it is possible to model the DBPs formation kinetics by studying a limited number of precursor molecules.For each parameter the individual contributions of BFA components have been quantified and kinetic rates have been determined,based on reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature.With a molar consumption of 4 mol Cl2/mol,urea is confirmed as the major chlorine consumer in the BFA because of its high concentration in human releases.The higher reactivity of ammonia is however highlighted.Citric acid is responsible for most of the chloroform produced during BFA chlorination.Chloroform formation is relatively slow with a limiting rate constant determined at 5.50×10^-3 L/mol/sec.L-histidine is the only precursor for dichloroacetonitrile in the BFA.This DBP is rapidly formed and its degradation by hydrolysis and by reaction with hypochlorite shortens its lifetime in the basin.Reaction rates of dichloroacetonitrile formation by L-histidine chlorination have been established based on the latest chlorination mechanisms proposed.Moreover,this study shows that the reactivity toward chlorine differs whether L-histidine is isolated or mixed with BFA components.展开更多
While machine learning(ML)in experimental research has demonstrated impressive predictive capabilities,extracting fungible knowledge representations from experimental data remains an elusive task.In this manuscript,we...While machine learning(ML)in experimental research has demonstrated impressive predictive capabilities,extracting fungible knowledge representations from experimental data remains an elusive task.In this manuscript,we use ML to infer the underlying differential equation(DE)from experimental data of degrading organic-inorganic methylammonium lead iodide(MAPI)perovskite thin films under environmental stressors(elevated temperature,humidity,and light).Using a sparse regression algorithm,we find that the underlying DE governing MAPI degradation across a broad temperature range of 35 to 85℃is described minimally by a second-order polynomial.This DE corresponds to the Verhulst logistic function,which describes reaction kinetics analogous to self-propagating reactions.We examine the robustness of our conclusions to experimental variance and Gaussian noise and describe the experimental limits within which this methodology can be applied.Our study highlights the promise and challenges associated with ML-aided scientific discovery by demonstrating its application in experimental chemical and materials systems.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070611 to Liang Peng)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515010317 to Liang Peng)+4 种基金GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.21202104030000608 and 2021A1515220029 to Liang Peng)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects(No.202102010204 and 2023B03J1287 to Liang Peng,No.202102080064 to Wenxiong Xu)Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2020007 and 2018009 to Liang Peng)Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Project of Sun Yat-sen University(No.82000-18843236 to Liang Peng)Five-Year Plan of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(No.K00006 and P02421 to Liang Peng).
文摘Background and aim Few studies have reported hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)kinetics after nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)discontinuation in patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The study specifically investigated long-term HBsAg kinetics after NA discontinuation.Methods Between January 2014 to January 2024,this study prospectively enrolled 106 outpatients with noncirrhotic CHB who met the discontinuation criteria after NA consolidation treatment.Demographic,clinical,and laboratory data were collected and analyzed after NA discontinuation.Results Ninety-six patients who finished 5 years of follow-up were included.HBsAg remained undetectable in 29 patients with end of treatment(EOT)HBsAg negativity.Among 67 patients with EOT HBsAg positivity,HBsAg seroclearance occurred in 12(17.9%)patients with an estimated annual incidence of HBsAg seroclearance of 3.6%.Patients with EOT HBsAg levels of≤1000 IU/mL had a higher HBsAg seroclearance rate than those with EOT HBsAg levels of>1000 IU/mL(33.3%vs.5.4%).The proportion of patients with HBsAg≤1000 IU/mL increased during follow-up.Logistic regression analysis indicated that the EOT HBsAg level was an independent factor for HBsAg seroclearance and an HBsAg level decline exceeding 1 log10 IU/mL.The optimal EOT HBsAg cutoff for both HBsAg seroclearance and an HBsAg level decline exceeding 1 log10 IU/mL was 359 IU/mL.Conclusions Patients with EOT HBsAg negativity experienced no relapse and maintained HBsAg seroclearance during 5 years of follow-up after NA discontinuation.A higher HBsAg seroclearance rate can be obtained in patients with EOT HBsAg levels of≤1000 IU/mL during 5 years of follow-up after NA discontinuation.Close monitoring and proper NA retreatment are recommended to guarantee the safety of NA discontinuation.
基金the Conseil Régional de Bretagne for financial support
文摘Disinfection by-products(DBPs)are formed in swimming pools by the reactions of bather inputs with the disinfectant.Although a wide range of molecules has been identified within DBPs,only few kinetic rates have been reported.This study investigates the kinetics of chlorine consumption,chloroform formation and dichloroacetonitrile formation caused by human releases.Since the flux and main components of human inputs have been determined and formalized through Body Fluid Analogs(BFAs),it is possible to model the DBPs formation kinetics by studying a limited number of precursor molecules.For each parameter the individual contributions of BFA components have been quantified and kinetic rates have been determined,based on reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature.With a molar consumption of 4 mol Cl2/mol,urea is confirmed as the major chlorine consumer in the BFA because of its high concentration in human releases.The higher reactivity of ammonia is however highlighted.Citric acid is responsible for most of the chloroform produced during BFA chlorination.Chloroform formation is relatively slow with a limiting rate constant determined at 5.50×10^-3 L/mol/sec.L-histidine is the only precursor for dichloroacetonitrile in the BFA.This DBP is rapidly formed and its degradation by hydrolysis and by reaction with hypochlorite shortens its lifetime in the basin.Reaction rates of dichloroacetonitrile formation by L-histidine chlorination have been established based on the latest chlorination mechanisms proposed.Moreover,this study shows that the reactivity toward chlorine differs whether L-histidine is isolated or mixed with BFA components.
基金This work was supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA)under contract no.HR001118C0036(R.N.,J.T.,A.T.)TotalEnergies SE research grant funded through MITeI Sustng Mbr 9/08(A.T.,S.S.,Z.L.)+2 种基金the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)under Photovoltaic Research and Development(PVRD)program under Award no.DE-EE0007535(Z.L.)This work was partially supported by the U.S.Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE)under the Advanced Manufacturing Office(AMO)Award Number DE-EE0009096(R.N.)A.T.acknowledges the Alfred Kordelin Foundation.
文摘While machine learning(ML)in experimental research has demonstrated impressive predictive capabilities,extracting fungible knowledge representations from experimental data remains an elusive task.In this manuscript,we use ML to infer the underlying differential equation(DE)from experimental data of degrading organic-inorganic methylammonium lead iodide(MAPI)perovskite thin films under environmental stressors(elevated temperature,humidity,and light).Using a sparse regression algorithm,we find that the underlying DE governing MAPI degradation across a broad temperature range of 35 to 85℃is described minimally by a second-order polynomial.This DE corresponds to the Verhulst logistic function,which describes reaction kinetics analogous to self-propagating reactions.We examine the robustness of our conclusions to experimental variance and Gaussian noise and describe the experimental limits within which this methodology can be applied.Our study highlights the promise and challenges associated with ML-aided scientific discovery by demonstrating its application in experimental chemical and materials systems.
