Preventive effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on ovalbumin-induced food allergy in mice

Food allergy is a significant public health concern globally.Certain probiotics have been found to enhance food allergy by regulating immune-microbe interactions in animal models and patients.However,the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 on food allergy have not been thoroughly investigated.The present study examined the anti-allergic properties of Probio-M8,particularly in relation to immune response and gut microbiota composition.Results demonstrate that oral administration of Probio-M8 effectively mitigated the allergy symptoms triggered by ovalbumin(OVA)by ameliorating the morphological damage in the jejunum,reducing OVA-specific IgE and histamine levels in the serum,and suppressing Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)4 and IL-13)while increasing Th1 cytokines(interferon(IFN)γ)and regulatory T(Treg)cytokines(IL-10 and transforming growth factor(TGF)β1)in the culture supernatants of splenic cells.Furthermore,Probio-M8 effectively altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota,particularly the relative abundances of Akkermansia_muciniphila in OVA-induced mice.Compared to the OVA group,the Probio-M8 group showed a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia_muciniphila.In conclusion,Probio-M8 demonstrates the potential to alleviate food allergy by regulating the Th1/Th2 response and modulating gut microbiota,thereby offering a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with food allergy.

产乳糖酶酵母Kluyveromyces lactis培养产酶发酵条件的研究

通过正交试验和单因素试验确定了本实验室乳酸克鲁维酵母菌株产乳糖酶的发酵培养基组分(W/V,%)为乳糖8、葡萄糖0.5、酵母膏0.7、尿素0.15、KH2PO41.5、MgSO40.1、MnCl20.01,并考察了其发酵工艺条件,优化得到的最高产酶量平均达到1.930ONPGU/ml。

一株乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)发酵条件的优化及其胞内乳糖酶性质的研究

作为益生元的低聚半乳糖（Galacto-oligosaccharide,简称GOS）可促进肠道内乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的增殖,有利于人体健康。GOS是利用乳糖酶转移半乳糖苷的作用生成的。本实验通过正交试验研究了产乳糖酶乳酸克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces lactis 2.1494）的培养条件及其乳糖酶的性质。结果表明,该株乳酸克鲁维酵母的最佳培养条件为：温度28℃,自然pH,接种量3%,乳糖添加量2%,装液量40mL,摇床转速80 r/m in,培养时间22h。在此条件下培养,乳糖酶比活力最高可达24.54U/mg。此酶最适温度为50℃,最适pH为6.6,最适底物浓度为0.6mol/L,在40℃以下,pH6.2-7.0具有较高的稳定性,Mn^2＋、Mg^2＋和Zn^2＋对该酶有一定的激活作用,而重金属Cu^2＋对该酶有强烈抑制作用。

一株Kluyveromyces lactis酵母胞内乳糖酶性质的研究

源自乳酸克鲁维酵母的β-半乳糖苷酶为胞内酶,其具有乳糖水解能力和半乳糖苷的转移作用。本实验运用单因素试验方法研究乳酸克鲁维酵母乳糖酶的性质。结果表明该酶在pH值为6.0~7.0和37℃~48℃间比较稳定,酶作用最适pH值在6.5,最适反应温度为43℃,Mn2＋、Mg2＋等对酶有明显的激活作用,而Zn2＋、Cu2＋等对酶活有抑制作用。该酶以ONPG底物的米氏常数为4.186mmol/L。

固定化渗透乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces Lactis)连续水解乳清的研究

研究了一种利用固定化渗透乳酸克鲁维酵母催化水解乳清中乳糖的技术,分析了制备工艺、水解条件对于固定化细胞活性的影响。结果表明,在细胞添加量为60%、交联剂为1%BaCl2,凝胶颗粒大小为1～1.5mm时,固定化细胞的活性可达到78.819 U/g,固定化细胞最适反应温度为36℃,最适pH值7.0,相对于游离细胞,固定化细胞在对温度及pH的适应性上均有所提高,具有较好的应用前景。此外初步探索了一种复合流速连续水解的工艺,即在水解不同阶段,采用了不同的流速进行水解。结果表明,这种复合流速连续水解工艺可以在一定程度上缩短水解时间,提高水解的效率。

仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道源乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)的分离鉴定及其益生特性分析

利用MRS固体培养基从南移仿刺参肠道中分离得到1株优势乳酸菌,命名为AJC-XP-15,其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH为6.5;其表面疏水性和自聚率分别为34.56%和35.61%,经16S RNA基因序列分析,并结合形态学和生理生化特性将其鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)。拮抗实验结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15及其发酵上清液对塔氏弧菌(Vibriotubiashii)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus,VP)和嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)等病原菌具有很好的抑制作用;体外益生实验表明,菌株AJC-XP-15对人工胃肠液的耐受性很好,在pH3.0的模拟人工胃液处理3 h后的存活率为71.43%,在pH 6.8的模拟人工肠液处理3 h后的存活率为92.1%;抗氧化能力结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15的无细胞提取物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除能力最强,分别为(82.67±6.92)%和(15.36±2.95)%,其发酵上清液对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最强,为(26.36±2.58)%;药物敏感性分析结果显示,菌株AJC-XP-15对四环素、恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素等抗生素敏感,对氟苯尼考、复方新诺明、庆大霉素等抗生素不敏感。研究结果可为仿刺参肠道源乳酸菌的分离鉴定和候选益生菌种筛选提供参考依据。

Optimization of Medium Composition for Production of Recombinant Calf Chymosin from Kluyveromyces lactis in Submerged Fermentation

Response surface methodology was applied to optimize medium components for production of recombinant calf chymosin by Kluyveromyces lactis GG799.The previous data indicated that the most suitable carbon source,nitrogen source,salt and vitamin were glucose,yeast extract,KH2PO4 and Ca D-Pantothenate,respectively.The concentration of four media components were optimized by using central composite design of response surface methodology.The optimum medium composition for recombinant calf chymosin production was found to contain glucose 29.84 g· L-1,yeast extract 19.85 g·L-1,KH2PO4 0.1 g·L-1 and Ca D-Pantothenate 4.49 mg·L-1.The enzyme activity of recombinant calf chymosin was 722 U· mL-1,which was in an excellent agreement with the predicted value（723 U·mL-1）.The production of recombinant calf chymosin from Kluyveromyces lactis GG799 was effectively increased by response surface methodology.

Formation mechanisms of ethyl acetate and organic acids in Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 in Chinese acid rice soup

This study aims to explore the formation mechanism of ethyl acetate and organic acids in acid rice soup(rice-acid soup)inoculated with Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 through the complementary analysis of transcriptome and proteome.The quantity of K.marxianus L1-1 varied significantly in the fermentation process of rice-acid soup and the first and third days were the two key turning points in the growth phase of K.marxianus L1-1.Importantly,the concentrations of ethyl acetate,ethanol,acetic acid,and L-lactic acid increased from day 1 to day 3.At least 4231 genes and 2937 proteins were identified and 610 differentially expressed proteins were annotated to 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways based on the analysis results of transcriptome and proteome.The key genes and proteins including up-regulated alcohol dehydrogenase family,alcohol O-acetyltransferase,acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase,acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase,and down-regulated aldehyde dehydrogenase family were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways,starch and sucrose metabolism pathways,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,and pyruvate metabolism pathways,thus promoting the formation of ethyl acetate,organic acids,alcohols,and other esters.Our results revealed the formation mechanisms of ethyl acetate and organic acids in rice-acid soup inoculated with K.marxianus L1-1.

Integrative proteomic-transcriptomic analysis revealed the lifestyles of Lactobacillus paracasei H4-11 and Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 under co-cultivation conditions

Compared with the rice-acid soup inoculated with single starter,the synergistically intensifi ed rice-acid soup inoculated with Lactobacillus paracasei H4-11(L.paracasei H4-11)and Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1(K.marxianus L1-1)contained more fl avor compounds.Organic acids mainly included L-lactic acid and the main volatile fl avor component was ethyl acetate.Moreover,the signal intensity of astringency and bitterness and the total concentration of volatile sulfur compounds were reduced.The combined analysis results of RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)technology and 4D label-free quantitative(4D LFQ)proteomics explained the fl avor formation pathways in rice-acid soup inoculated with L.paracasei H4-11 and K.marxianus L1-1.In L.paracasei H4-11,L-lactate dehydrogenase,phosphoglucomutase,acetate kinase,alcohol dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA were up-regulated and D-lactate dehydrogenase and N-Acetyltransferase were down-regulated.In K.marxianus L1-1,Acetyl-CoA,acetaldehyde dehydrogenase,acyl-coenzyme A,N-acetyltransferase,and L-lactate dehydrogenase were up-regulated and hexokinase,alcohol dehydrogenase,and alcohol O-acetyltransferase were down-regulated.The above up-regulation and down-regulation synergistically promoted the formation of characteristic fl avor compounds(mainly L-lactic acid and ethyl acetate).Enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)and parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)quantitative analysis respectively verifi ed that 5 key metabolic enzymes and 27 proteins in L.paracasei H4-11 and K.marxianus L1-1 were associated with the characteristic fl avor of rice-acid soup,as confi rmed by the quantitative results of 4D LFQ.

不同预处理甘蔗渣混菌固态发酵制备生物发酵饲料研究

本研究以不同预处理后甘蔗渣为固态发酵培养基基质,利用可分泌纤维素酶的丝状真菌及单细胞蛋白生产菌进行混菌固态发酵,探究不同预处理甘蔗渣对生物发酵饲料品质的影响。结果显示:不同预处理的甘蔗渣对制备的生物发酵饲料营养价值影响较大,以甘蔗渣、瞬时蒸汽爆破处理后甘蔗渣及连续蒸汽爆破处理后甘蔗渣为固态发酵培养基的基质,均不利于黑曲霉、马克思克鲁维酵母对非粮生物质原料中纤维素和半纤维素的利用,制备的生物发酵饲料,其微生物蛋白含量低,营养价值低。以瞬时蒸汽爆破处理后甘蔗渣与连续蒸汽爆破处理后蔗渣组合为固态发酵培养基的基质,制备的生物发酵饲料,微生物蛋白含量高,粗蛋白质含量达到22.07%,氨基酸含量达到16.06%,马克思克鲁维酵母含量增加至7.4×10~8CFU/g,其营养价值高。

利用乳酸乳球菌发酵大豆蛋白产低聚肽的研究

筛选可以发酵分解大豆蛋白的食源性微生物,对分解产生的多肽进行分子量分析,通过分离纯化获得低聚肽并研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明:从自制泡菜中分离到一株食源性乳酸菌PZ1,经形态和16S rDNA鉴定为乳酸乳球菌;全基因组分析PZ1菌株具有多种肽酶和蛋白酶基因,具备分解蛋白的潜在能力;利用PZ1发酵大豆分离蛋白,采用凝胶渗透色谱分析发酵产生的多肽,分子量1000 Da以下占比达85%;通过超滤纯化获得300~1000 Da的低聚肽;研究大豆低聚肽的抗氧化活性,发现低聚肽对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)^(−)·)均有较好的清除作用,浓度为2 mg/mL时,清除率分别为79.31%、78.27%和84.62%。因此乳酸乳球菌PZ1能够高效降解大豆蛋白,可作为益生菌应用于大豆功能产品的开发。

乳酸克鲁维酵母表面展示系统研究

酵母表面展示技术通过将目标蛋白锚定在细胞表面,广泛应用于疫苗制备、药物筛选、环境治理、菌株筛选等领域。为在乳酸克鲁维酵母中进行医药蛋白的高效生产并开展蛋白质工程研究,利用酿酒酵母来源的Sed1作为锚蛋白,His Tag作为检测靶标,在乳酸克鲁维酵母中进行表面展示系统的构建,并利用间接法免疫荧光标记和全细胞流式分析相结合的方法进行高通量表征。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像结果进一步证实了人血清白蛋白的成功表达。优化检测条件后,最高展示效率达89.8%。研究首次在乳酸克鲁维酵母中建立并系统优化了酵母表面展示系统,为在乳酸克鲁维酵母中开展高效蛋白质生产和蛋白质工程研究奠定了基础。

虾肉蛋白在乳酸菌发酵过程中的降解及其体外抗氧化活性的动态变化

本实验探究了在乳酸肠球菌发酵过程中虾肉肌原纤维蛋白和肌浆蛋白的降解及其产物(肽)抗氧化活性变化。结果表明,与未发酵时相比,随发酵时间的延长,两种蛋白的pH值均显著下降(P<0.05),蛋白酶活力均显著升高(P<0.05)。凝胶电泳结果表明,发酵使两种蛋白质均发生了降解,其中肌浆蛋白的降解程度更为明显。发酵后两种蛋白体系的2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS)阳离子自由基清除率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率、Fe^(3+)还原力均显著增强(P<0.05),其中肌浆蛋白降解产物(肽)的抗氧化能力显著高于肌原纤维蛋白降解产物(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,蛋白酶活力与肌浆蛋白的水解度及其产物的ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、DPPH自由基清除率以及Fe^(3+)还原能力呈显著正相关(P<0.05、P<0.01)。综上,通过乳酸肠球菌发酵虾肉蛋白,尤其是肌浆蛋白可得到具有较高抗氧化能力的肽。本研究可为水产加工(如鱼糜)过程中产生肌浆蛋白的充分利用和抗氧化活性肽的开发提供理论依据。

表面展示SARS-CoV-2抗原蛋白乳酸乳球菌工程菌的构建

利用乳酸菌表达系统构建表达抗原蛋白的工程菌是探讨抗原应用的重要手段之一。本研究利用融合PCR技术将信号肽-细胞壁锚定蛋白结构域序列(Usp45-3LysM)分别与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)、Omicron变异株上S1蛋白的受体结合位点结构域(RBD)序列融合,构建表达载体pNZ8149-GFP、pNZ8149-2RBD、pNZ8149-3RBD,转化乳酸乳球菌NZ3900(Lactococcus lactis NZ3900)构建了GFP、2RBD、3RBD表面展示工程菌菌株。结果表明工程菌受Nisin诱导表达GFP的最佳浓度和时间分别为20 ng/mL和20 h。蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot)和间接免疫荧光检测结果证明,3种目的蛋白都成功表达并展示于工程菌的细胞壁上,表明表面展示SARS-CoV-2抗原蛋白乳酸乳球菌工程菌已构建成功。本研究为新冠病毒或其他动物病毒的新型乳酸菌口服疫苗的研制及其相关产品的研发打下基础。

Lactococcus lactis谷氨酸脱羧酶的分离纯化及部分酶学性质

采用溶菌酶处理、超声破碎、硫酸铵分级、3次DEAE SepharoseCL 6B层析、SephacrylS 200凝胶过滤等手段,从乳酸菌细胞中分离纯化得到谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD;EC4.1.1.15).纯化酶的比活力为14.4U/mg,纯化倍数31,回收率3.8%,SDS PAGE得到亚基的相对分子质量为65000.L 谷氨酸是测试的18种氨基酸中的惟一作用底物,表明乳酸菌GAD具有高度的底物专一性.酶在pH值3.6～5.4时具有活性,pH值4.7时活性最高,pH值6.0以上时没有活力.耐热性实验表明,pH值4.7条件下处理5h后,60℃时该酶仍能保持80%以上的活性,80℃以上迅速失活,由Lineweaver Burk作图得到的GAD的Km值为1.9mmol/L.

酸胁迫对乳酸链球菌素产生菌Lactococcus lactis LN26的影响

为研究乳酸链球菌素产生菌Lactococcus lactis LN26在酸胁迫条件下的应激反应,本试验测定了在不同pH值梯度条件下,Lactococcus lactis LN26菌体浓度、胞内pH、H+-ATPase活性、胞内ATP浓度、细菌素产量。结果表明:随着酸度的增加Lactococcus lactis LN26生长受到明显抑制,在pH值3.0条件下,菌体浓度最低;酸胁迫增强了H+-ATPase活性,在pH值3.0处理时,H+-ATPase活性最高;酸胁迫对乳酸链球菌素的合成具有抑制作用。pH值为6.0时最适合乳酸链球菌素产生菌Lactococcus lactis LN26的生长以及乳酸链球菌素的合成。

Kluyveromyces fragilis LFS-8611 β-D-半乳糖苷酶的摇瓶培养条件

脆壁克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromycesfragilis)LFS 8611合成的β D 半乳糖苷酶具有较高的催化半乳糖基转移反应活力.脆壁克鲁维酵母(K.fragilis)LFS 8611细胞生长和β D 半乳糖苷酶的合成同步.该菌株生长和产酶的最适碳源为半乳糖,乳糖次之;最适氮源为蛋白胨F403;最适培养条件为:发酵培养基的初始pH值为7.0,摇床的转速为200r/min.培养基中碳源和氮源质量浓度对菌体生物量和β D 半乳糖苷酶活力有重要影响,以12mg/mL乳糖为碳源,16mg/mL蛋白胨(F403)为氮源,在最适培养条件下培养32h后,菌体生物量和β D 半乳糖苷酶活力分别为7.56g/L和18.83U/mL.

纤维素降解产物对Kluyveromyces marxianus 1727共发酵葡萄糖和木糖的影响

研究纤维素酸水解产生的4种副产物乙酸、甲酸、糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛及发酵产物乙醇对Kluyveromyces marxianus 1727共发酵葡萄糖和木糖的影响。结果表明:5.0 g/L乙酸和1.0 g/L甲酸对葡萄糖和木糖共发酵具有明显的抑制作用;1.0 g/L糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛基本不影响K.marxianus 1727发酵葡萄糖,且能够被K.marxianus1727转化为毒性相对较低的物质。由于5-羟甲基糠醛的转化速率慢,对K.marxianus 1727发酵木糖的抑制程度大于糠醛。乙醇对K.marxianus 1727发酵木糖具有抑制作用,当乙醇质量浓度大于20 g/L时,生物量及木糖利用率约是对照的44%和70%。

离子束注入提高Trichosporon lactis T立体拆分布洛芬水平的研究

以从土壤中分离筛选到的可立体选择性水解布洛芬乙酯生成S-布洛芬的菌株Trichosporon lactis T为出发菌株，对其进行能量30KeV，剂量1×10^15-5×10^15 ions／cm^2的低能N^＋注入，筛选立体选择性水解布洛芬乙酯活性高的诱变株。菌株T．1actis T，在4×10^15 ions／cm^2的诱变剂量下突变率最高，正向和负向突变率分别达32．9％和37．1％，因此选定该荆量为T．lactis T的最佳N^＋离子注入剂量。经离子束诱变，通过初筛和复筛，共筛选到7株水解布洛芬乙酯的高产菌株，其中诱变株K1培养24h时酶活力比出发菌株T高50％，且具有较好的遗传稳定性。将菌株K1和出发菌株T培养24h，分别加入布洛芬乙酯水解24h，二者水解布洛芬乙酯生成S-布洛芬旋光度均为＋54．1°，对映体过量值ee％均为98％，K1菌株水解的产量达6．96g／L，而出发株仅为4．24g／L。

Cloning of Tap Ⅱ Chalcone Isomerases(CHI1 A) Gene and Construction of Lactococcus Lactis Expression Vector

[Objective]The aim was to clone TapⅡchalcone isomerases（CHI1 A） from soybean specially and construct expression vector of PNZ8149-CHI1 A,and then transform it into Lactococcus Lactis NICE systers.[Method]Chalcone isomerases（CHI1 A） was cloned by RTPCR method,and it was sequenced after cloning into pMD18-T vectors,and recombined to expression vector PNZ8149-CHI1 A,then it was transformed into Lactococcus Lactis NZ3900[Result]The sequencing results indicated that the cloned fragment of CHI1 A contained 670 nucleotides,and shared a sequence homology of 92% with that from Genbank accession number AF595413（CHI1 A）.CHI1 A was transformed into NICE expression system successfully by identification of PCR and digestion.[Conclusion]The foundation of using the microorganism fermentation method to produce flavonoids was laid by construction of efficient induction expression vector with chalcone isomerases CHI1 A.