Knowledge Attitudes, Practices and Factors Associated with Blood Donation in the Fatick Health District in 2019 (Senegal)

Introduction: Timely availability of safe blood or blood products is essential for all health care facilities where transfusion occurs, but in many developing and transitional countries, there is still a considerable gap between the need for blood and the supply available. The overall objective was to study knowledge attitudes, practices, and factors influencing blood donation in the general population in Senegal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted among the Fatick health district population from April 1 to 15, 2019. Thus, the sample is based on a two-stage survey. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire designed, pretested, and administered to 466 people by selected and trained enumerators. The data collected on the smartphone was analyzed using Epi Info 7.2.1.0 software. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with a 5% risk of alpha error. Results: The average age of respondents was 35 years (±13), with 34 years (±12) for women and 38 years (±15) for men, and more than half of them between 20 and 40 years of age. A proportion of 87% of respondents lived in rural areas and had agriculture as their primary income source. More than half of the individuals (70%) were married, and 68% were educated. The level of knowledge of individuals about blood donation was low at 91.8%. On the other hand, more than half of them had good habits (53.65%). A proportion of 68.0% of individuals had an intention to donate in the future. However, only 24.68% of the population surveyed had already donated blood. Eighty percent of the donations were voluntary. However, 26.09% had repeated this practice. Factors that could influence the practice of blood donation were age, male sex (ORb = 2.18 [1.40 - 3. 37]), high level of education, good knowledge of blood donation (ORb = 2.14 [1.07 - 4.26]), the existence of a relatives donor (ORb = 3.4 [2.19 - 5.26]) and individuals who did not necessarily require permission from a parent or spouse (ORb = 3.37 [2.13 - 5.31]). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop mass communication and proximity strategies, also strengthen the blood bank in terms of human resources and logistics to increase voluntary blood donations in the district. An increase and better planning of mobile clinic outings can facilitate and improve voluntary blood donation by improving accessibility to this service.

Knowledge Attitude and Practices Related on Prevention of Mosquito Borne Diseases and Sanitation Conditions in a Salvadoran Urban Community

Introduction: In El Salvador Mosquito Borne Diseases (MBDs) is a serious public health problem due to produce morbidity and mortality. They produce a high economic loss, which contributes to the collapse of the public health system. Over the years, the Salvadoran public health system has invested large amounts of resources to minimize the problem through campaigns against MBDs. Despite this, the population is still affected by diseases such as dengue, and more recently chikungunya and zika outbreaks. The aim of this study is to evaluate sanitation conditions variables and identify knowledge, attitudes, practices related to the prevention of MBDs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey about sanitation conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention of MBDs of inhabitant’s ≥ 15 years from an urban community of a municipality with the highest number of cases reported in 2015. Results: Majority of respondents (98.2%) had direct supply of drinking water;however 96.4% of respondents were agreed that they had an inconsistent water supply. Regarding MBDs prevention respondents showed high acceptable knowledge (76.8%), high favorable attitude (92.1%) and an acceptable implementation of practices toward prevention reproduction of mosquitoes (58.5%) and a poor implementation of practices to prevent mosquito bites (38.3%). Conclusions: The findings revealed high acceptable knowledge about MBDs and a high favorable attitude regarding to prevent them, but also revealed a scarce implementation of prevention practices. The generalized storage of water on non-covered barrels because the inconsistent water supplies, can be source of proliferation of mosquitoes and therefore increases the risk of transmission of MBDs. High population density of the community can magnify this risk. It is necessary to enhance education to promote better implementation of practices using the most common media together with the local health workers.

Effects of Continuous Precision Nursing Model on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Behavior and Cardiac Function in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Angiography and Stent Implantation

Objective:To explore the impact of a continuous precision nursing model on patients’Knowledge,Attitudes,and Practices(KAP)and cardiac function during the nursing process of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography and stent implantation.Methods:Ninety patients who underwent percutaneous coronary angiography and stent implantation in our hospital from April 2022 to April 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(45 cases),in which routine nursing support was carried out during the treatment process,and the observation group(45 cases),in which continuous precision nursing model was carried out during the treatment process.Comparisons were made between the two groups of patients on their KAP,cardiac function,and quality of life during recovery.Results:There was no difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),cardiac output(CO),and cardiac index(CI)levels before intervention.After the intervention,the levels of cardiac function in the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no difference in the Exercise of Self-Care Agency(ESCA)self-care ability scale scores before the intervention.After the intervention,the observation group had higher ESCA scores than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementation of a continuous precision nursing model in the care of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography and stent implantation improved the patient’s cardiac function,and KAP,and promoted recovery.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Caregivers of Children 0 - 23 Months in Eastern and Central Uganda

Introduction: Appropriate feeding and consequently good nutritional status of young children largely depends on their caregivers. Aim: The current study aimed at assessing maternal/caregivers’ current knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding different aspects of infant and young child feeding in Eastern and Central Uganda. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design with mixed methods employing both qualitative and quantitative methods was used for data collection. Results: The study participants included 556 caregivers and 572 children. Results indicate that most caregivers (77%) were knowledgeable about key infant and young child feeding practices such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding and meal frequency. However, culture and economic hardships were a major barrier to the applicability of this knowledge. Nearly all (98%) children were ever breastfed with 41% having been initiated on breast milk in the first hour after birth and 68% of all the children below 6 months exclusively breastfed. Three percent of the children aged 6 - 23 months were classified as having either Moderate (2%) or Severe (1%) Acute malnutrition. The median birth weight was 3.2 Kgs with nine percent of the children classified as underweight at birth. The majority (78%) of the children consumed foods from at least four food groups however only 44% consumed heme-rich animal flesh food such as meat, poultry, organ meats and fish, 29% consumed milk and milk products while only 11% consumed eggs. The barriers to improved nutritional status and health-seeking behaviour in children from both regions were largely similar. Some of these included cultural practices which prohibit children from eating certain foods and lack of drugs in the health facilities. Lack of male involvement was a key barrier to health-seeking behaviour and the nutritional well-being of children. Males were, however, more knowledgeable about the key childcare practices that are critical to positive outcomes because they listen to radios, have access to social media and usually congregate at bars where this information is disseminated and exchanged. Conclusion: There should be continuous sensitization of mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding with special focus on early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding as well as child feeding practices during illness. To increase protein intake in children 6 - 23 months, interventions aimed at increasing consumption of these vital nutrients such as promotion of nutrition-sensitive agricultural enterprises like rearing of small livestock and chickens should be emphasized. Consumption of these foods is critical, especially during pregnancy and infancy. Finally, male involvement in maternal and child feeding should be encouraged.

Effects of the information–knowledge–attitude–practice nursing model combined with predictability intervention on patients with cerebrovascular disease

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disease(CVD)poses a serious threat to human health and safety.Thus,developing a reasonable exercise program plays an important role in the long-term recovery and prognosis for patients with CVD.Studies have shown that predictive nursing can improve the quality of care and that the information–knowledge–attitude–practice(IKAP)nursing model has a positive impact on patients who suffered a stroke.Few studies have combined these two nursing models to treat CVD.AIM To explore the effect of the IKAP nursing model combined with predictive nursing on the Fugl–Meyer motor function(FMA)score,Barthel index score,and disease knowledge mastery rate in patients with CVD.METHODS A total of 140 patients with CVD treated at our hospital between December 2019 and September 2021 were randomly divided into two groups,with 70 patients in each.The control group received routine nursing,while the observation group received the IKAP nursing model combined with predictive nursing.Both groups were observed for self-care ability,motor function,and disease knowledge mastery rate after one month of nursing.RESULTS There was no clear difference between the Barthel index and FMA scores of the two groups before nursing(P>0.05);however,their scores increased after nursing.This increase was more apparent in the observation group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rates of disease knowledge mastery,timely medication,appropriate exercise,and reasonable diet were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate in the observation group(97.14%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(81.43%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IKAP nursing model,combined with predictive nursing,is more effective than routine nursing in the care of patients with CVD,and it can significantly improve the Barthel index and FMA scores with better knowledge acquisition,as well as produce high satisfaction in patients.Moreover,they can be widely used in the clinical setting.

Knowledge,attitude,practice and factors that influence the awareness of college students with regards to breast cancer

BACKGROUND Breast cancer has the highest incidence of all global cancers.Recent data show that breast cancer is becoming more prevalent in the younger population.Therefore,preventing breast cancer in young populations is a significant priority for public health.Relevant investigations of the incidence of breast cancer in young females have already been undertaken in China;however,none of these previous studies investigated the awareness of female college students with regards to breast cancer.AIM To investigate the knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of female college students in Yunnan with regards to breast cancer and a series of influential factors.METHODS A random sample of 1387 female college students from two universities in Dali city were investigated by questionnaires.RESULTS The total KAP scores for breast cancer were 9.86±2.50,3.19±2.01 and 13.31±2.49,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational grade was the most significant influential factor underlying the level of knowledge female college students had with regards to the treatment of breast cancer(P<0.05).Registered residence and educational grade were the most significant factors that influenced attitude(P<0.05).Age,registered residence,grade and major,were the most significant factors that influenced behavior(P<0.05).The KAP of female college students in western Yunnan with regards to breast cancer were low.CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to provide standardized publicity and educational strategies in China to improve the knowledge,attitude,and practice,of college students with regards to breast cancer.

Community knowledge,attitude and practice towards cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area Ochello,Gamo Gofa Zone,South Ethiopia

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community related to cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) in an endemic area Ochello, Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia.Methods: We conducted community based cross-sectional survey among residents in Ochello from November to December 2014. The study area was purposely selected based on previous reports on endemicity of CL. Using simple random sampling technique, a total of 392 household participants were selected in the study area Ochello. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Regarding the responses given to knowledge, attitude and practice, a score of 1 was given for each right response and 0 for unsure responses. Data were double entered and analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20 statistical software.Descriptive statistics that include frequency and percentage were used to analyze the results.Results: In total, 392 individuals were participated in our study where 225(57.4%) of the participants were males and 167(42.6%) were females. Of all the total participants, 265(67.6%) had heard of the disease, and 127(32.4%) responded that they did not know CL.Based on the scoring results, 265(67.6%) participants were knowledgeable about CL. Out of 265 participants who heard about CL, most of them [215(54.8%)] had the attitude that CL was a problem in their area and had no positive attitude towards the treatment of CL.Approximately, 215(54.8%) replied that CL was preventable. Majority of the respondents did not sleep outdoors and did not practice sleeping near vegetation with or without bed net.Conclusions: The current finding indicated that the inhabitants of Ochello developed good awareness and encouraging attitude regarding CL. However, their prevention and control practice was very low. Hence, the result of this study calls for organized community awareness creation through various means.

Validating a tool to assess eye health knowledge, attitude and practice in Cambodia and Vietnam

AIM: To develop an eye health knowledge, attitude and practice(EH-KAP) field-based assessment tool for use in implementing effective eye health care services.METHODS: An instrument development and validation study. A Vietnam EH-KAP dataset were used to identify and eliminate redundant questions to develop a standardized tool. Face validity was assessed by the KAP survey team. Internal validity(congruency/criterion) was assessed by comparing descriptive analysis of two datasets(n=531;n=38) collected from the same sampling frame at different time points. Weighted scores were calculated for each construct. Kappa values for test-retest and inter-observer agreement were calculated to check the reliability of responses. The modified version was assessed by analysing the raw and ungrouped data. Responses were weighted and agreement was tested by comparing construct scores.RESULTS: Totally 38 respondents were included in this validation process(mean age 58.5 y). Mean scores for knowledge were 9.15(old questionnaire n=531) and 5.05(modified version). For attitude, the scores were 2.23 and 2.42, and for practice the scores were 3.33 and 2.21. Testretest agreement was between 62% to 93%(Kappa 0.24 to 0.86) for the ungrouped raw data, and 55% to 72%(Kappa 0.42 to 0.65) for KAP domain. Inter-observer Kappa value for ungrouped data was 0.37 and 0.45 for the weighted scores.CONCLUSION: This standardized tool applied at critical time points can assess trends in KAP within the same population and for comparison across groups. If used alongside a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness(RAAB), this tool provides a comprehensive perspective on eye-health of a population.

Dementia-related contact experience,attitudes,and the level of knowledge in medical vocational college students

BACKGROUND Dementia is a severe neurological and psychological disease that occurs in older adults worldwide.The knowledge and attitude of medical-vocational college students play an important role in supporting primary healthcare systems.AIM To investigate the level of knowledge,contact experience,and attitudes toward dementia among medical-vocational college students in China.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted,and 3-year medical and medical-related students from eight vocational colleges in Anhui province were recruited.The contact experience,attitudes,and knowledge level of students toward dementia were assessed using a questionnaire designed according to the Chinese version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale(ADKS).RESULTS A total of 2444 medical and medical-related students completed the survey,of whom 86.7% of respondents had interests and concerns regarding Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and 29.2% of respondents had experiences of contact with dementia patients.Overall attitudes toward dementia were negative.Only 35.4% of students were interested in participating in the caregiving of dementia patients.The mean score of students’ knowledge about AD as assessed by the ADKS was 21.16(standard deviation,3.43) out of 30.CONCLUSION Dementia-related knowledge of medical-vocational college students was at a medium level,and their overall attitudes toward dementia were negative.

郑州市社区居民营养知识、态度及饮食行为调查

目的了解郑州市社区居民的营养知识、态度、行为状况(K-A-P),探索对居民进行营养教育、指导合理膳食的有效途径和方法,为相关政策措施的制定提供现实依据。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,对郑州市西前街社区等4个社区的520名居民进行营养知识、态度、行为的问卷调查。结果社区居民的营养知识、态度及行为的及格率分别为63.7%、71.0%、31.5%,但知晓《中国居民膳食宝塔》者仅为33.1%,76.3%的居民在营养态度上是积极的,会主动通过电视、广播和报刊获得营养知识;营养知识、态度、行为之间存在关联(P<0.05)。结论社区居民对营养知识的掌握情况不太理想,应加强营养知识的普及以及正确饮食行为的宣传。

新疆大学生与性相关的知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的了解新疆大学生与性相关的知识、态度和行为现状,为新疆教育部门制订及开展符合新疆区情的大学生性健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用多级抽样方法,对新疆7所高校不同民族大学生用匿名问卷进行调查,共调查大学生5 110名。采用非条件Logistic回归分析影响婚前性行为的各种因素。结果新疆大学生对与性相关的知识知晓率较低。78.2%的大学生对婚前性行为持赞同或理解态度,新疆大学生婚前性行为发生率为17.4%。Logistic回归分析显示影响新疆大学生发生婚前性行为的因素有"是否谈过恋爱、亲密行为及对婚前性行为态度"等。结论必须加强新疆大学生的性健康教育,充分考虑不同民族大学生的文化背景,采取有针对性、行之有效的干预措施。

Effect of KAP Intervention Model on Resilience and Cancer-related Fatigue in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

Objective:To explore the effect of KAP intervention mode on resilience and cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A prospective randomized trial was conducted.55 patients with colorectal cancer who received routine nursing from February 2018 to February 2019 were included in the control group,and 55 patients who received routine nursing+KAP intervention from March 2019 to March 2020 were included in the observation group.The scores of Resilience Scale and cancer-related fatigue scale(CFS)before and 6 months after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:After 6 months of intervention,the score of resilience of the two groups was higher than that before intervention,and that of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The CFS score of the two groups was lower than that before intervention,and that of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:KAP intervention model can improve the resilience of patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy,reduce cancerrelated fatigue.

Delivery of acupuncture in clinical trials:Research acupuncturists’perspectives

Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly those trained in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), are often required to set aside valued precepts of traditional care, including diagnosing imbalances, individualizing treatment, and forging a therapeutic relationship with patients. TCM-trained acupuncturists express mixed feelings about participating in clinical trials. Many are eager to play a vital role in the advancement of acupuncture science and appreciate the need for strict protocol adherence to minimize bias. However, the acupuncturist(s) may also have concerns about clinical trial methodology, including but not limited to the delivery of a control condition, e.g., sham acupuncture. Investigators should anticipate certain questions and even a level of resistance to the requirements of research among acupuncturists and be prepared to address them. This manuscript presents a brief review of the subjective experience of the research acupuncturist within the available scientific literature as it pertains to the delivery of active and sham clinical research protocols. Our goals are to better understand the perspectives of acupuncturists who may participate in clinical research, so that their concerns may be addressed in study design and methodology. To that end, we suggest the creation of a novel training program specifically for clinical trial acupuncturists, intended for qualified TCM-and Western-trained practitioners, that would help to standardize the research acupuncturist’s role and help to strengthen the design and execution of acupuncture studies.

Elimination of schistosomiasis requires multifactorial diagnostics: evidence from high- and low-prevalence areas in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Background:Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)selected for worldwide elimination in the near future.Egypt has made strong progress against its two endemic species of Schistosoma mansoni and S.haematobium.The former is prevalent in the Nile Delta with the latter dominating in the Nile south of Cairo.Innovative efforts are needed to reach the goal as further reduction of the prevalence has stalled due to ongoing transmission.In this study we aimed to explore the difference between low and high prevalence villages with regard to knowledge attitude and practice about schistosomiasis,utilization of health services,infection and transmission indices.Methods:A hybrid cross-sectional longitudinal study was conducted with three annual follow-ups conducted during 1994-1996.We used a representative systematic random sampling technique investigating 993 individuals from the high prevalence village and 614 from the low prevalence village.Data were analyzed using SPSS,comparing proportions with the Chi square test and means with the Student t test,and ANOVA.Results:Compliance of faecal sampling and chemotherapy was above 70%in both villages over the whole study period.Selective praziquantel treatment resulted in a significant reduction of prevalence and intensity of infection in both villages,dropping from 35.8%prevalence to 20.6%,in the low-prevalence village,and from 69.5 to 45.9%in the high-prevalence one.Intensity of infection at the base line was 30 eggs per gram(EPG)of stool in the low-prevalence village versus 105 EPG in the high-prevalence village.However,after the second round,reinfection rebounded by 22%in the high-prevalence village,while a slight improvement of the infection indices was demonstrated in the low-prevalence one.The level of knowledge was modest in both villages:people knew about self-protection and treatment,but not much about the role of human excreta for schistosomiasis transmission.While all participants maintained that using the water from the canals was inevitable,inhabitants in the high-prevalence village showed significantly lower scores reflecting higher water contact compared to the low-prevalence one.Many of them(67%)did not utilize the health centre at all compared to 26%of the people in the low-prevalence village.Interestingly,private clinics were seen as the primary source of health care by both villages,but more frequently so in the high-prevalence village(used by 87.2%of the inhabitants)compared to the low-prevalence one(59.8%).Conclusions:Even if chemotherapy works well as reflected by the observed downregulation of intensity of infection in both villages,reinfection continued due to difficulties to avoid water contact.Efforts must be made to make people understand the role of human excreta for transmission.There is also a need to make people better trust the medical services available.