Scenario of Infection Prevention and Control Measures for Tuberculosis in Tuberculosis Inpatient and Outpatient Department in Tertiary Care Hospital

Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.

Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Books of Medical Formularies and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty

Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic disease again and again,was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control.They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases,mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities,integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples,things,and substances related with epidemic prevention and control,and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply,which actually built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic,and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits.

Knowledge and Practice on Tuberculosis among Prison Workers from Seremban Prison

Background: Prisons are always overcrowded, and congestion leads to close relationships, and subsequently, increases the likelihood of airborne illnesses including Tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to identify the level of knowledge of TB transmission, and TB preventive practices of prison workers in a Malaysian prison. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with convenience sampling technique utilizing a validated questionnaire. 280 prison workers employed at the Seremban Prison were invited to participate in the study. The study period was from January 2019 to June 2019. Inclusion criteria included age above 18 years old and English literacy. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts which were sociodemographic details, knowledge on TB transmission and TB preventive practices. The analysis was done in SPSS version 24.0 using appropriate statistical tests. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the knowledge level of TB transmission, and TB preventive practices of prison workers at Seremban prison. Results: Around 190 questionnaires were obtained usable registering a response rate of 68.5%. This study showed that around 66% of prison workers had moderate knowledge while around 26% had good knowledge of TB transmission. In terms of practice, around 93.7% of prison workers applied good TB prevention practice. Conclusion: This study showed that the majority of the respondents had moderate knowledge regarding TB transmission. However, their disease preventive practices were at acceptable levels which implied that existing prison standard operating procedures play an important on instilling these practices. Nonetheless, prison management should take important action by providing education and training to increase TB knowledge among prison workers to ensure that this practice is always upheld in both prison and community settings.

Jordanian Nurses’ Knowledge of Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Settings

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, its account for up to 16% of all healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The SSIs can contribute to post-operative morbidity, prolonged recovery, delayed discharge and increasing cost. Nurses’ knowledge of the evidence-based recommendations is necessary to provide high-quality nursing care. Aims: To assess the level of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs, to describe the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and selected sociodemographics, to examine the differences in nurses’ knowledge with respect to selected dichotomized variables, and to identify the most significant predictors of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs. Design: Cross-sectional design. Sample: Two hundred registered nurses at four targeted hospitals were recruited conveniently. Results: The mean of the total knowledge scores of the sample was 3.28 out of nine (SD = 1.72, range = 0 - 7), the median was 3 out of nine. There were a statistically significant correlation between all tested continuous sociodemographics variables and the total knowledge score (p > 0.05). There is a significant difference in nurses’ knowledge between those who are attending to special surgical related training course and who are not. The most significant predictors of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge were: the number of credit hours attended by nurses for surgical-related training courses and the total years of work experience in nursing. These variables explained 16.7% of variance. Conclusion: The results of this study shed light on the obstacles that hampers the Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs in acute care settings. However, the successful implementation of infection control measures, particularly SSIs prevention measures, and well-structured continuing education programs are considered as a substantial element that would improve nurses’ knowledge.

The strategic framework of tuberculosis control and prevention in the elderly:a scoping review towards End TB targets

With the rapid pace of population ageing,tuberculosis(TB)in the elderly increasingly becomes a public health challenge.Despite the increasing burden and high risks for TB in the elderly,targeted strategy has not been well understood and evaluated.We undertook a scoping review to identify current TB strategies,research and policy gaps in the elderly and summarized the results within a strategic framework towards End TB targets.Databases of Embase,MEDLINE,Global health and EBM reviews were searched for original studies,review articles,and policy papers published in English between January 1990 and December 2015.Articles examining TB strategy,program,guideline or intervention in the elderly from public health perspective were included.Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria.Most of them were qualitative studies,issued in high-and middle-income countries and after 2000.To break the chain of TB transmission and reactivation in the elderly,infection control,interventions of avoiding delay in diagnosis and containment are essential for preventing transmission,especially in elderly institutions and aged immigrants;screening of latent TB infection and preventive therapy had effective impacts on reducing the risk of reactivation and should be used less reluctantly in older people;optimizing early case-finding with a high index of suspicion,systematic screening for prioritized high-risk groups,initial empirical and adequate follow-up treatment with close monitoring and evaluation,as well as enhanced programmatic management are fundamental pillars for active TB elimination.Evaluation of TB epidemiology,risk factors,impacts and cost-effectiveness of interventions,adopting accurate and rapid diagnostic tools,shorter and less toxic preventive therapy,are critical issues for developing strategy in the elderly towards End TB targets.TB control strategies in the elderly were comprehensively mapped in a causal link pathway.The framework and principals identified in this study will help to evaluate and improve current program,develop targeted strategy,as well as raise more discussions on the research priority settings and policy transitions.Given the scarceness of policy and evaluated interventions,as well as the unawareness of shifting TB epidemiology and strategy especially in developing countries,the increasing need of a ready TB program for the elderly warrants further research.

Identification and attribute analysis of key stakeholders who influence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control in China

Background There could be various stakeholders who influencing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)policy development and implementation,yet their attributes and roles remain unclear in practice.This study aimed to identify key stakeholders in the process of policy-making for MDR-TB control and prevention and to analyse the attributes and relationships of the stakeholders,providing evidence for further policy research on MDR-TB control.Methods This study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 and applied the stakeholder analysis guidelines and domestic stakeholder analysis.An initial candidate stakeholder list was developed by policy scanning.Ten experts were invited to identify these candidate stakeholders.The major attribute of these stakeholders were analysed using the Michell scoring method.Based on these results,the intertwined relationships among groups of stakeholders were analysed and mapped through a systematic scan of the policy and literature on MDR-TB control,as well as information obtained from the interviews.Results A list of 21 types of candidate stakeholders was developed after a literature review and policy scanning,of which 11 received 100%approval.After expert evaluation and identification(the total expert authority was 0.80),19 categories of stakeholders were approved and included in the stakeholder analysis.We categorized all of the stakeholders into three groups:(i)definitive stakeholders who are mainly involved in administrative departments and the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC);(ii)expectant stakeholders who are mainly involved with MDR-TB patients,clinical departments of TB hospitals at different levels,community health care facilities,prefectural CDC and charity organizations;and(iii)latent stakeholders who mainly involved family members and neighbours of MDR-TB patients and TB related products manufacturers.Government departments and higher-level CDCs have strong decision-making power in developing MDR-TB control policies whereas the recommendations from service providers and the concerns of patients should be considered.Conclusions The MDR-TB prevention system was a multistakeholder cooperation system that was mainly led by government stakeholders.Enhancing communications with front-line service providers and patients on their unmet needs and evidence-based suggestions would highly benefit policy-making of MDR-TB prevention and control.

Achievements and challenges of the World Bank Loan/Department for International Development grant-assisted Tuberculosis Control Project in China

In March 2002,the government of China launched the World Bank Loan/ Department for International Development-supported Tuberculosis （TB） Control Project to reduce the prevalence and mortality of TB. The project generated promising results in policy development, strengthening of TB control systems, patient treatment success,funds management, and the introduction of legislation. In light of the global TB epidemic and control environment, it is useful to review the TB control priorities of the project, summarize the achievements and experiences around its implementation.

Investigation and analysis of the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff involved in the detection of pathogens in seven provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China

This study aims to evaluate the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff working on pathogens detection in seven Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and support these staff's biosafety management and training.A total of 208 laboratory staff from seven provincial CDCs were chosen by stratified random sampling to undergo a self-administered questionnaire survey.The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0.The overall average biosafety awareness of the CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection was 82.5 points.The average biosafety awareness score was the highest in health monitoring(92.63 points)and the lowest in risk assessment and control(41.6 points).Among the seven provincial CDCs,the Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention laboratory staff showed the lowest average biosafety awareness score(74.3 points).The team who worked for 5–14 years were more likely to score above the passing score(≥88 points;corrected OR 0.400,95%CI:0.168–0.951)than the staff with less than five years of work experience.In addition,the mid-level and junior-level staff,as well as the lower position ones were more likely to score below the passing score(<88 points;junior level and lower:corrected OR 3.473,95%CI:1.028–11.737;mid-level:corrected OR 2.797,95%CI:1.027–7.618)compared with the senior-level staff.Among the surveyed team,66.3%identified a lack of specific funds related to work,61.5%identified a lack of designated personnel for the laboratory biosafety management.The biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection is low,especially regarding risk assessment and control.The biosafety awareness in Guizhou and Guangxi Provincial CDC laboratory staff is also low.Laboratory funding,job title,and years of experience in a laboratory influence biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff.The biosafety knowledge,education,and training of CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection need to improve by paying attention to the content and coverage of biosafety training,exploring new training modalities,and increasing funding for activities related to biosafety in CDC.

Tuberculosis infection prevention and control:why we need a whole systems approach

Infection prevention and control(IPC)measures to reduce transmission of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis(TB)in health facilities are well described but poorly implemented.The implementation of TB IPC has been assessed primarily through quantitative and structured approaches that treat administrative,environmental,and personal protective measures as discrete entities.We present an on-going project entitled Umoya omuhle(“good air”),conducted in two provinces of South Africa,that adopts an interdisciplinary,‘whole systems’approach to problem analysis and intervention development for reducing nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)through improved IPC.We suggest that TB IPC represents a complex intervention that is delivered within a dynamic context shaped by policy guidelines,health facility space,infrastructure,organisation of care,and management culture.Methods drawn from epidemiology,anthropology,and health policy and systems research enable rich contextual analysis of how nosocomial Mtb transmission occurs,as well as opportunities to address the problem holistically.A‘whole systems’approach can identify leverage points within the health facility infrastructure and organisation of care that can inform the design of interventions to reduce the risk of nosocomial Mtb transmission.

Study on the Effects of Infant Fostering Interventions in Xuhui District,Shanghai

Objective To assess the effects of fostering interventions on the infants and their families through the community. Methods A total of 309 infants born on 1st August, 2003 to 30th August, 2004 and their families were recruited as participants by cluster sampling in Longhua and Kantian sub-districts of Xuhui district, Shanghai. The newborns were randomly assigned to intervention group （156 cases） and control group （153 cases）. The infants and their families will be followed up during 3-year interventions. Results After 6 months＇ intervention, the proportion of infants who could turn over the body in the intervention group （88.46%） was higher than that in control group （75.16%）. The morbidity of upper-respiratory tract infection in intervention group （20.51%） was significantly lower than that in control group （32.68%）. The incidence rates of pneumonia, diarrhea and anemia in intervention group were all lower than that in control group, except for pneumonia, the differences were not significant. Both of the knowledge about how to foster infants and service utility in intervention group were higher than that in control group. Conclusion The fostering interventions through the community promote the prevention and control of infants disease, increase the knowledge level and service util ity of families.

196例初治病原学阳性肺结核患者结核感染控制知识知晓情况调查

目的:调查初治病原学阳性肺结核患者结核感染控制知识掌握情况,为有效开展结核感染控制和健康教育工作提供依据。方法:对2019年1月至2023年1月于首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院、北京市昌平区结核病防治所、北京市大兴区结核病预防控制中心纳入的196例初治病原学阳性肺结核患者进行结核感染控制知识知晓情况问卷调查,调查内容包括患者的基本信息、结核感染控制知识问卷、临床信息等;发出问卷196份,有效问卷196份,有效率为100.0%。统计调查对象结核感染控制知识知晓情况,分析影响其结核病防治核心信息知晓情况的因素。结果:196例调查对象结核感染控制知识总知晓率为64.4%(2649/4116)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,相对于初中及以下学历,大专/本科及以上学历者结核感染控制知识知晓率达标的可能性更高(OR=6.659,95%CI:1.995~22.220);相对于有结核病接触史者,无结核病接触史者结核感染控制知识知晓率达标的可能性更低(OR=0.218,95%CI:0.054~0.886)。结论:初治病原学阳性肺结核患者结核感染控制知识知晓率尚有待提高,初中及以下文化程度和无结核病接触史的患者结核感染控制知识知晓率相对较低,需针对这部分人群开展结核病预防控制健康教育工作。

一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法

目前煤矿顶板灾害防治措施决策及事故原因分析等过程主要依赖人工经验,智能化水平较低。顶板灾害防治知识图谱可整合顶板灾害防治知识和经验,辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和顶板灾害防治措施决策。提出了一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法。采用本体方法完成煤矿顶板灾害防治知识建模,将顶板灾害防治领域的概念分为矿井地质类、开采技术类、防治措施类和事故表征类,将概念之间的关系定义为使用、引发、易发、治理、预防和适用,为煤矿顶板灾害防治知识抽取(实体抽取和关系抽取)奠定基础;结合煤矿顶板灾害防治领域文本存在大量嵌套实体和关系之间存在实体重叠的特点,确定了基于跨度的实体抽取方法和基于依存句法树引导实体表示的关系抽取方法;构建了顶板灾害防治领域语料库,采用Neo4j图数据库存储数据,为顶板灾害防治知识图谱的应用提供数据来源支撑;展示了煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱局部构建结果,说明该知识图谱可辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和防治措施决策,从而提高顶板管理的智能化水平;指出基于该知识图谱,结合自然语言处理和知识推理等技术,可实现顶板管理知识问答。

分层次教学培训对护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平及管理质量的影响

目的探讨和分析分层次教学培训对护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平及管理质量的影响和改善效果。方法选择安徽医科大学第二附属医院402名护士作为研究对象,于2023年3月1日—7月31日开展分层次教学培训,采用回顾性分析,对是否担任过医院感染管控护士的护士知识掌握程度、培训前后护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平和医院感染管理质量进行比较与分析。结果担任过医院感染管控护士的护士医院感染防控知识掌握评分高于未担任过的护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,护士在医院感染管理规范、诊疗器械处理程序、医院感染概念、空气消毒方面的知识掌握评分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护士在操作技能、应急能力、理论知识以及消毒管理方面的医院感染管理质量评分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分层次教学培训的实施,显著提升了护士的医院感染防控知识掌握水平,同时也改善了医院感染管理质量。

采场全生命周期的矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法研究

知识图谱是认知智能研究不可或缺的组成部分。针对采场矿压危害事件传统分析方法对煤矿开采过程中应力时空演化过程及隐患演化与风险防控关系等表达存在不足的问题,本文基于采场全生命周期提出一种采场矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法:首先,从地质灾害的角度,分析采场应力及分布的动态特性,对矿压地质灾害中的各节点进行动态关联,提出顾及时空过程的采场矿压地质灾害知识图谱表示方法。其次,从事故的角度,分析采场矿压事故隐患演化与风险防控过程,将隐患耦合演化与防治措施融入知识图谱表示模型中。最后,运用Neo4j构建矿压危害事件知识图谱。结果表明:依据该表示方法构建的知识图谱,不仅刻画了灾害事件中不同对象的时空演化过程,还描述了隐患耦合演化过程以及对应的风险防控措施,为采场矿压危害的防治提供了智能研究途径。

基于CiteSpace的国内冲击地压防治文献可视化知识图谱分析

为探究我国冲击地压防治领域的研究历程及进展,采用CiteSpace软件对1994—2023年间收录于CNKI数据库的2891篇该领域研究文献进行可视化知识图谱分析。首先探明文献在时间轴及发表期刊的分布情况,然后针对研究机构和研究人员进行共现分析,最后通过关键词的聚类、共现和突现分析,对国内冲击地压防治领域的研究文献进行分析总结。研究结果表明:我国冲击地压防治研究发展历程,可按时间划分为稳定发展期、爆发增长期和持续波动期;以《煤炭学报》《煤矿安全》《煤炭科学技术》《采矿与安全工程学报》等期刊为主要交流平台;主要研究力量包括窦林名、潘一山、姜福兴等核心作者团队及中国矿业大学、辽宁工程技术大学、煤炭科学研究总院有限公司等研究机构,且组织之间合作较频繁;“厚硬顶板、动静载、巨厚砾岩、能量耗散、围岩协同控制、水力压裂”等是研究领域的高频关键词;根据关键词突现,得到随时间变化的关键词演化图谱。研究结果以期为冲击地压防治领域的研究提供科学参考。

健康教育在学校结核病防控中的价值研讨

目的研究学校结核病防控中应用健康教育的效果。方法于2021年1月—2022年12月时间段对某高中学校进行调查,选择该校三年级400名进行研究,其中1~5班采用常规校园疾病防控管理(200名),6~10班采用健康教育疾病防控管理模式(200名),观察指标为健康知识水平、防控措施落实情况、新发结核病发生情况。结果6~10班学生结核病防控知识高于1~5班学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6~10班学生防控措施落实情况高于1~5班学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6~10班学生新发结核病发生为0,低于1~5班学生3例(1.50%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6~10班学生结核病主动汇报15例(7.50%),高于1~5班学生4例(2.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学校结核病防治过程中采用健康教育模式可以提升学生的健康知识水平,强化结核病防治措施落实效果,有效预防新发结核病发生,并提高其主动汇报率,改善学生预后效果。

ICU护士血管导管相关感染预防与控制知识的现状调查

目的调查重症医学科(intensive care unit,ICU)护士血管导管相关感染(vessel catheter associated infection,VCAI)预防与控制知识的现状,为提高ICU护理质量提供改进依据。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2022年11—12月厦门大学附属第一医院ICU 60名在职护士作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、VCAI预防与控制知识现状调查表和学习情况调查表对其进行调查,并调查2020—2022年ICU的VCAI发生率。结果60名护士VCAI预防与控制知识总得分为10~27分,平均(20.57±3.50)分,平均得分率为76.18%,处于中等水平,各维度知识掌握水平不等。2020年发生1例VCAI,发生率为3.19‰;2021年发生2例VCAI,发生率分别为2.52‰、2.91‰;2022年未发生VCAI。结论ICU护士对VCAI知识掌握程度处于中等水平,应进一步加强对护士相关知识的培训和考核,规范操作流程,提高ICU护理质量。

2014-2020年广东省不同年龄段结核病患者耐药特征及应对防治策略

目的 探究2014-2020年广东省期间各年龄段结核病患者的耐药特征与应对防治策略。方法 以2014-2020年广东省32个结核病耐药监测点中,确诊结核病患者的39 048株结核分枝杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB)临床分离株为研究对象,回顾性分析耐药结核病患者及实验室相关资料,并以年龄、地区进行分组,探讨MTB临床分离株对药物的耐药性趋势、耐药结核病(包括单耐药结核病(monodrug-resistant tuberculosis, MR-TB)、多耐药结核病(poly-resistant tuberculosis, PDR-TB)、耐多药结核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB)和广泛耐药结核病(extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, XDRTB)的发病率差异,以及MTB临床分离株对重点药物(利福平和氧氟沙星)的耐药情况。结果 2014-2020年广东省32个结核病耐药监测点患者MTB临床分离株对9种抗结核药物在不同年度间、不同年龄段间的耐药率差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。MTB临床分离株的单耐药率、多耐药率、耐多药率、广泛耐药率和总耐药率分别为14.46%、5.16%、4.58%、1.29%。儿童组患者MTB临床分离株单耐药率(15.4%)高于青壮年组及老年组;青壮年组(5.0%)和老年组(5.0%)患者MTB临床分离株耐多药率高于儿童组患者;老年组患者MTB临床分离株广泛耐药率(2.1%)高于儿童组及青壮年组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。来自珠三角地区的患者MTB临床分离株的单耐药率(14.8%)、多耐药率(5.3%)、耐多药率(4.7%)、广泛耐药率(1.4%)、耐氧氟沙星率(11.33%)和耐利福平率(6.92%)明显高于非珠三角地区,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.001)。结论 根据监测点数据,2014-2020年间,广东省耐药结核病的流行趋势平缓。但在特定人群(如儿童和老年人)中,耐药结核病的发病率较高,且珠三角地区的耐药结核病发病率和重点药物耐药率均高于广东省其他地区,值得进一步关注和采取防控策略。

2005—2022年上海市青浦区肺结核时空特征分析

目的:通过分析上海市青浦区2005—2022年的肺结核疫情,旨在发现区域内肺结核发病的空间聚集性及时空特征,为相关部门制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法:从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中筛选2005年1月1日—2022年12月31日上海市青浦区肺结核登记报告资料,进行空间全局自相关分析、空间局部自相关分析和时空扫描分析。结果:2005—2022年上海市青浦区男性肺结核患者数量多于女性患者,20~39岁年龄段肺结核患者数量最多。从时间上看,2013—2015年青浦区各街(镇)的发病率普遍上升,大部分街(镇)在此期间达到历年发病峰值,2015年之后各街(镇)的发病率呈逐步下降趋势。从空间上看,青浦区东部和西部地区整体发病率高于中心地区。2011年、2013年、2016年、2017年、2020年青浦区肺结核发病在空间上存在显著正相关性,呈现明显的空间集聚趋势,2010年青浦区肺结核发病的空间分布呈现负相关性。2005—2022年青浦区各街(镇)肺结核患者年均登记率的空间分布不均衡。2015—2022年青浦区肺结核患者呈现出明显的时空聚集特征。结论:2005—2022年青浦区肺结核病例男性显著多于女性,肺结核患者主要集中在20~39岁年龄段人群,且呈现时空聚集性,高发病率区域主要集中在青浦区西南部地区。相关部门应针对高发病区域和高风险人群加强筛查,制定分类分时的防控措施,从而有效防控肺结核疫情。

南疆地区基层医疗机构肺结核防治人员胜任力评价体系的构建

目的挖掘南疆地区基层医疗机构肺结核防治人员的能力要求,建立相关的胜任力模型。方法通过文献研究法初步建立指标池,2024年1月至5月经过两轮德尔菲法专家函询后,采用界值法对指标进行筛选、修订和补充,利用层次分析法确定指标及指标权重。结果两轮函询回收率分别为100%、80%,专家的积极程度良好。两轮函询专家权威系数分别为0.782、0.838,肯德尔和协系数分别为0.267、0.692;专家权威程度较高,一致性较好。最终建立了一级指标4个,二级指标13个,三级指标50个。结论本研究初步构建了南疆地区基层医疗机构肺结核防治人员胜任力评价体系,为南疆基层地区医务人员提升肺结核防治能力提供切实有效的方式和依据。