The biology of a koinobiont parasitoid of leaf-cutting ant larvae, <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Szelenyiopria talitae<span ...The biology of a koinobiont parasitoid of leaf-cutting ant larvae, <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Szelenyiopria talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), was studied from naturally infested <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests. Nests were collected in the field from the Atlantic rainforest biome in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of fifty-three nests were collected from 2015 to 2018. Parasitized nests were only found during the months of September and October. Approximately 22% of the nests collected over a four-year period were found to have been parasitized by <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i>. The mean within-nest parasitism rate was<span "=""> 66.3%. This diapriid displayed both solitary (14%) and gregarious parasitism (86%), with up to a maximum of 12 parasitoids developing within a single host. Gregarious parasitism with two (29%) or three (21%) <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i></span><i></i> per host was most frequently observed. There was a positive correlation between the number of parasitoids per host and host size (dry weight), indicating that <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> females oviposited a higher number of eggs in larger hosts. There was also a negative correlation between <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S.</i> <i>talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> pharate adult size and the number of parasitoids per host, which could have been caused by sibling competition for limited host resources. The high levels of parasitism seen here had a debilitating effect on the colonies. <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> is a serious pest in Brazil, and these studies lay the foundation for understanding the impact of <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> on ant populations.展开更多
Campoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range,comprising grapevine moth pests.Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana,knowledge about its b...Campoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range,comprising grapevine moth pests.Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana,knowledge about its biology is limited and massrearing for commercial purposes is still lacking.This research provides a quantitative analysis of the C.capitator courtship and mating behavior.C.capitator mating sequence was analyzed by high-speed video recordings.Main behavioral parameters,with special reference to male wing fanning and antennal tapping,were quantified and linked with mating success.Furthermore,we analyzed the occurrence of population-level behavioral asymmetries during C capitator sexual interactions and their impact on male success.Results showed that male wing fanning was crucial to successfully approach the female.Males achieving higher mating success performed wing-fanning at higher frequencies over unsuccessful ones.After wing fanning,most of males palpated the females body with their antennae,before attempting copulation.The overall mating success was>70%,with a rather long copula duration(254.76±14.21 s).Male wing-fanning was lateralized on the left at population level,while antennal tapping displays were right-biased.Sidebiased male displays do not differ in terms of frequency and duration of their main features.This research adds basic knowledge to the C.capitator behavioral ecology.Since rearing protocols for C.capitator are being developed male wing fanning frequency may represent a useful benchmark for monitoring mate quality over time,tackling mating success reductions due to prolonged mass-rearing.展开更多
文摘The biology of a koinobiont parasitoid of leaf-cutting ant larvae, <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Szelenyiopria talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), was studied from naturally infested <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests. Nests were collected in the field from the Atlantic rainforest biome in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of fifty-three nests were collected from 2015 to 2018. Parasitized nests were only found during the months of September and October. Approximately 22% of the nests collected over a four-year period were found to have been parasitized by <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i>. The mean within-nest parasitism rate was<span "=""> 66.3%. This diapriid displayed both solitary (14%) and gregarious parasitism (86%), with up to a maximum of 12 parasitoids developing within a single host. Gregarious parasitism with two (29%) or three (21%) <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i></span><i></i> per host was most frequently observed. There was a positive correlation between the number of parasitoids per host and host size (dry weight), indicating that <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> females oviposited a higher number of eggs in larger hosts. There was also a negative correlation between <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S.</i> <i>talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> pharate adult size and the number of parasitoids per host, which could have been caused by sibling competition for limited host resources. The high levels of parasitism seen here had a debilitating effect on the colonies. <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> is a serious pest in Brazil, and these studies lay the foundation for understanding the impact of <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> on ant populations.
基金D.Romano is partially supported by the H2020 Project“Submarine cultures perform long-term robotic exploration of unconventional environmental niches”(sub-CULTron)[640967FP7].
文摘Campoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range,comprising grapevine moth pests.Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana,knowledge about its biology is limited and massrearing for commercial purposes is still lacking.This research provides a quantitative analysis of the C.capitator courtship and mating behavior.C.capitator mating sequence was analyzed by high-speed video recordings.Main behavioral parameters,with special reference to male wing fanning and antennal tapping,were quantified and linked with mating success.Furthermore,we analyzed the occurrence of population-level behavioral asymmetries during C capitator sexual interactions and their impact on male success.Results showed that male wing fanning was crucial to successfully approach the female.Males achieving higher mating success performed wing-fanning at higher frequencies over unsuccessful ones.After wing fanning,most of males palpated the females body with their antennae,before attempting copulation.The overall mating success was>70%,with a rather long copula duration(254.76±14.21 s).Male wing-fanning was lateralized on the left at population level,while antennal tapping displays were right-biased.Sidebiased male displays do not differ in terms of frequency and duration of their main features.This research adds basic knowledge to the C.capitator behavioral ecology.Since rearing protocols for C.capitator are being developed male wing fanning frequency may represent a useful benchmark for monitoring mate quality over time,tackling mating success reductions due to prolonged mass-rearing.