Practice and Reflection on the Science and Technology Propaganda Work of Agricultural Research Institutes in the New Era : A Case Study of Changli Pomology Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences

Taking Changli Fruit Tree Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as an example,starting from the importance of strengthening scientific and technological propaganda work in agricultural research institutes,the current situation of scientific and technological propaganda work in agricultural research institutes is analyzed in this paper.In response to the problems of lack of targeted evaluation mechanism,lack of distinctive publicity forms,and weak news sensitivity of science and technology propaganda workers in agricultural research institutions,strategies such as establishing a scientific and standardized evaluation system,improving incentive policies,deeply exploring propaganda content,leveraging the joint advantages of new and traditional media,and cultivating and training science and technology propaganda teams are proposed.

Meru University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Review System: A SWOT Analysis

The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.

Thoughts on the Professional Training of Scientific and Technological Management Team of High-level Talents in Provincial Agricultural Research Institutes

From two aspects:the composition of scientific research management institutions and the tasks undertaken by scientific research management departments,the present situation of scientific and technological management team in agricultural research institutes is expounded.Some problems existed in the scientific and technological management team of provincial agricultural research institutes are analyzed,such as uneven knowledge structure of scientific research management personnel,low degree of specialization,poor stability,lack of professional and systematic job training,etc.Professional development countermeasures are proposed,such as optimizing the structure of scientific research management team,establishing a professional management system with the characteristics of agricultural scientific research institutions,formulating corresponding evaluation mechanism for scientific research management personnel,and strengthening the training of agricultural scientific research management personnel.

Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid and Acrylamide onto BOPET Corona Films

The graft polymerization of acrylic acid(A) and acrylamide(B) was carried out onto bi-oriented polyester BOPET corona film.The influence of monomer concentration,reducer concentration and reaction time on the graft polymerization was investigated.The surface tension of the films increased with an increase of monomer concentration,till the concentration of monomer A reached 1.5×10^(-2)g/mL and the concentration of monomer B reached 4.0×10^(-2)g/mL.The surface tension of the films reached a maximum value at 7×10^(-4)M of reducer concentration and subsequently decreased with further increase in reducer concentration.The surface tension of the films increased with the increase of the reaction time apparently within 50min.The grafted corona BOPET films were characterized with IR and XPS.The presence of graft on the film surface was confirmed.The attenuation experiments on grafted corona BOPET films in air at 50℃ and in water were carried out to investigate the persistence of graft polymerization of acrylic acid and arylamide onto BOPET corona films.

The 100 kt/a Package Technology for Manufacture of Propylene Oxide through Oxidation of Propylene by H_2O_2 Passed Appraisal

On November 23, 2018 the project -“Development of an 100 kt/a package technology for manufacture of propylene oxide via oxidation of propylene by hydrogen peroxide”, being one of the ten key task projects envisaged in the SINOPEC’s plan to be jointly undertaken by SINOPEC's five Institutions, including the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) and the SINOPEC Changling Branch Company, had passed the technical appraisal organized by the Science and Technology Division of Sinopec Corp. following the successful realization of the set targets.

科技情报机构的智库功能

[目的/意义]支撑决策是科技情报工作的重要使命,当前科技情报机构正积极探索发挥科技智库功能的转型路径。[方法/过程]本文采用文献调查、案例比较等方法,深入分析科技情报机构智库功能的基础条件、典型做法,结合工作实际总结发挥好智库功能的实践逻辑和实现路径。[结果/结论]本文原创提出做好支撑决策的情报研究工作可以遵循的实践逻辑:坚持“从零散转化为结构,从结构整合为系统,从系统升华到体系”的层次渐进认知,贯通“感知-监测-理解-分析-预判”的实践路径,循环迭代,贴近乃至契合决策咨询需求。

新时代背景下新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体制机制研究

高效的管理运行体制机制是保障和助推科技成果转化的关键。文章在进行典型农业科研院校调研的基础上,分析了当前新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体制机制现状,查找出其在运行中存在的问题,结合国内外经验和做法,对新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体制机制进行优化,形成以市场需求为导向的科技成果创新机制、以企业发展需求为导向的协同转化机制、以知识价值为导向的成果转化激励机制、以风险防范为导向的政策服务保障机制和以成果转化为目标的人才队伍建设机制等,以进一步完善新疆农业科研院校科技成果转化管理运行体系,为农业新质生产力推动农业产业发展提供保障。

农业科研院所科技成果转化路径探索——以新疆农业科学院为例

农业科研院所作为农业科技成果的摇篮,其科技成果转化情况关系着区域农业经济的高质量发展。文章以新疆农业科学院为例,分析了当前农业科技成果产出和转化情况,找出影响农业科技成果转化发展的关键问题,从成果源头创新、政策体系建设、专项资金支持、转化平台建设、专业队伍建设和丰富转化方式六个方面提出了农业科研院所“六强化、六保障”的科技成果转化路径,以期加快推进农业科技成果转化。

国外科技中介服务业的发展模式、主要成效及经验借鉴

为了探究国外科技中介服务业的成功发展模式,并讨论其对国内科技中介服务业的发展提供经验和借鉴,分析了美国以市场为主导、英国的多元混合型、德国以行业协会和技术转移中心为主导以及日本以政府为主导的科技中介服务业的4种发展模式,同时系统总结了上述4个国家科技中介机构的运行效果,研究国内科技中介服务业的未来发展路径。研究发现,良好的政策法律环境、经费支持多元化、积极培育市场主体、加强网络化等基础设施建设能够从根本上保证和支持科技中介机构的健康发展。研究表明,基于建设科技强国实现高水平科技自立自强的背景,国内科技中介服务业发展要充分发挥政府、市场、社会的作用,要采用运行体制市场化、经费来源多元化、服务功能社会化、机构设置专业化、服务能力综合化、服务方式产业化、组织架构网络化、绩效评价科学化等多种措施。

日本国立丰桥技术科学大学有组织科研的发展动因、平台构建与运行策略

为更好地解决经济社会发展面临的现实问题、满足紧迫需求,高职院校推进有组织科研刻不容缓。在日本,以丰桥技术科学大学为代表的职业本科大学通过跨学科科研平台的实践探索,在有组织科研方面取得了显著成绩。为应对日本社会和人才需求、国家战略定位等外部环境的变化,丰桥技术科学大学以技术科学与创新研究院(RITI)为主体构建了综合性的跨学科科研平台,围绕跨学科科研平台的目标确立、内部协作、外部支持、科研成果管理等方面形成了相对完善的运行保障体系。借鉴丰桥技术科学大学跨学科组织实践的成功经验,我国高职院校推进有组织科研应以服务区域产业发展为目标,明晰高职院校有组织科研功能定位;以组织机构建设为基础,搭建高职院校有组织科研创新平台;以参与主体内部协同为关键,创设高职院校有组织科研创新场域;以配套制度改革为牵引,夯实高职院校有组织科研保障体系。

论水利科技的法律规制

从法律规制的角度看,水利科技研究目的可以概括为合法合理合规治水用水,维护国家水安全,促进国家可持续发展。水利科技研发机构具有研究课题自主选择权、依法提供技术服务、获得捐赠奖励、有偿转让水利科技成果、特别豁免权等主要法律权利,同时赋有积极促进科技成果转化、提供公共科技供给和应急科技支撑、开展水利科普活动、建立健全水利科技资源开放共享机制、保存管理科技档案、加强水利科技保密工作的法律义务。水利科技人员具备署名权、登记申请权、收益分配权、兼职权、特别豁免权等法律权利,应当履行弘扬科学家精神、恪守科研诚信原则、遵守学术规范、履行竞业禁止的义务。水利科技违法行为将会导致行政法律责任、民事法律责任和刑事法律责任。

延津县农业产业化发展探讨——以河南省农业科学院与延津县人民政府合作共建现代农业科技综合示范县为例

农业产业化是在市场经济条件下,以市场为导向,促进生产专业化、布局区域化、经营市场化的一种系统形式,通过“科研+企业+基地+农户”等多种模式,实现农村小生产与大市场对接,提高农产品市场竞争力,促进农村发展、农业增效与农民增收。文章结合延津县农业产业化现状,对其存在的问题、采取的做法和取得的成效进行了分析,并提出了提高优质品种占有率、示范推广绿色种植技术、深化科企合作和加强品牌建设等进一步推动延津县农业产业发展的对策。

中央苏区农业科技的研究与推广

发展农业生产不仅需要开展土地革命来激发苏区群众的积极性,还需要以农业科技的研究与推广来提高农业生产力水平。在中央苏区,中国共产党和苏维埃政府创办农事试验场、农业学校和农产品展览所,研究农业科学技术,在选育优良品种、改良土壤、防治病虫害、兴修水利、改良农具、植树造林等方面积极推广新技术和新经验,取得了很好的成效。农业科技的研究与推广,在解决中央苏区粮食安全等方面发挥了重要作用,这是中国共产党领导农业科技事业的开端。

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

构建推动新质生产力加快发展的制度框架

从人类社会生产力发展的历史来看,新质生产力本质上是先进生产力的一种质态。如果说新兴生产力的发展是对人类体力劳动的替代和解放的话,那么新质生产力则是在一定程度上对人类脑力劳动的替代和解放,因此将极大地提高社会生产力发展的水平。新质生产力的发展是一个过程,需要原创性、颠覆性科技创新与新质产业发展协同并进、共同发力。为推动新质生产力加快发展,需要建立和完善“顶层设计—战略规划—政策支持—制度保障”的多层次制度框架。在顶层设计层面,以新型举国体制推动原创性、颠覆性科技创新;在战略规划层面,从国家战略高度谋划布局,在国际竞争中抢占先机;在政策支持层面,金融支持、财政补贴和税收优惠等相互配合、协同发力;在制度保障层面,推动教育、科技、人才等领域的体制机制改革与分配体制和社会保障制度的完善。

辽宁省科技成果转化存在的问题及对策研究

在国家创新驱动的发展国策下,科技成果转化日益成为促进区域经济发展的重要引擎,党和国家的政策也明确指出了科技创新和经济相结合的发展方向,因此,科技成果转化作为两者的结合点被提上了日程,成为制约区域经济发展的重要环节。然而,辽宁在科技资源分配及产学研协调沟通机制上存在不足,导致辽宁科技创新成果的本地转化率并不高,这在一定程度上限制了辽宁经济的增长。基于此,本文通过梳理科技创新价值链和科技成果转化过程研究,剖析辽宁省科技成果转化存在的问题,并根据辽宁的实际情况和区域特色,构建具有辽宁地方特色的科技成果转化模式,期望能够引领地区产业发展,提高区域科技创新能力,有效促进科技成果本地转化。

测绘地理信息企事业单位科技创新能力评价体系研究——以湖南省为例

为对湖南测绘地理信息企事业单位科技创新的现状和面临的问题进行深入分析,本文提出了一种基于综合评价方法的科技创新能力评价体系。该评价体系通过资料收集和层析分析法初步建立指标体系,并依据专家咨询优化评价体系,以创新基础、创新机制、创新成果和绿色通道等4个一级指标、12个二级指标和23个三级指标的评价指标体系,完成对湖南省测绘地理信息企事业单位科技创新能力的综合评价。结果表明,该评价体系能够较全面地反映企事业单位的科技创新能力,为测绘地理信息企事业单位的科技创新能力评价提供有力支持,也为企事业单位的科技创新提供指导和参考。

农业科研院所科技服务质量提升研究——以江西省农业科学院为例

农业科研院所作为农业科技供给的重要动力来源,其科技服务质量对提升农业科技含量、促进产业发展、服务“三农”等具有重要的影响。文章以江西省农业科学院为例,介绍了该院科技服务工作取得的成效,分析了科技服务工作中存在的不足,从强化科技支撑、畅通需求表达通道、稳固科技服务支撑体系等方面提出了提升科技服务质量的对策建议。