Optimal storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment combinations for different marketing times of Korla Xiang pears

Maintenance of green color is the primary indicator of quality in the market evaluation of Korla Xiang pears at present and can generally be achieved through early harvesting and decreasing the storage temperature, but the fruit quality was reduced by early harvesting, and the decreasing storage temperature increased the risk of chilling injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal storage parameters for different storage times and to find ways to preserve the green skin color of pears. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP）, combined with low temperature on quality and maintenance of the green color of Korla Xiang pears during storage. We found that 1-MCP and/or low temperature reduced the loss of green color at 20℃ after being removed from cold storage. In addition, 1-MCP significantly inhibited the decline of titratable acid and ascorbic acid but had no significant effect on fruit firmness and total soluble solids. Low temperature with or without 1-MCP inhibited the release of ethylene, inhibited the decline in the stalk preservation index, inhibited the increase in decay rate and weight loss rate during storage, and inhibited the increase in the core browning index after 225 days of storage. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the quality of Korla Xiang pears. Despite inhibiting ethylene release, a storage temperature of-1.5℃ increased the respiration rate. Storage at -1.5℃ caused core browning eady during storage due to chilling injury, whereas at 2℃ core browning occurred late during storage due to senescence. In late storage, 1-MCP had no significant effect on the maintenance of Korla Xiang pear quality at 2℃. Based on these results, we determined the optimal combinations of low temperature and 1-MCP treatment to maintain pear quality while avoiding chilling injury. For different marketing times, the optimal conditions for storage until New Year＇s Day （a storage duration of 90 days） are 2℃ or 1-MCP combined with 2℃. For storage until the Spring Festival （a storage duration of 150 days）, the optimal conditions are 0℃ or 1-MCP combined with 0℃, and for storage until May （a storage duration of 225 days）, the best conditions are 1-MCP combined with -1.5℃.

Model for estimating the weight-loss ratio of damaged Korla fragrant pears

To predict the weight-loss ratio of Korla fragrant pears effectively,improve commodity value and study the variation laws of the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears during storage,this study predicted the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears by utilizing the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),support vector regression(SVR),partial least squares regression(PLSR)and error back propagation neural network(BPNN).The prediction performances of GRNN,SVR,PLSR and BPNN models were compared comprehensively,and the optimal model was determined.In addition,the optimal prediction model was verified.The results show that weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears increases gradually with the extension of storage time.During storage,the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears is positively related to the degree of damage.The trained GRNN,SVR,PLSR and BPNN models can be used to predict the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears.The BPNN model is the most accurate in predicting the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears(R^(2)=0.9929;RMSE=0.2138).It has also been proved to have good predictive effect in production practice(R^(2)=0.9377,RMSE=0.7138).The research findings can provide references to predict the delivery quality and time of delivery of Korla fragrant pears.

Transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes related to chlorogenic acid biosynthesis during development of Korla fragrant pear in Xinjiang

Korla fragrant pear(KFP)with special fragrance is a unique cultivar in Xinjiang,China.In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in KFP,the samples at different development periods were collected for transcriptome analysis.High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that CGA contents of KFP at 88,118 and 163 days after full bloom were(20.96±1.84),(12.01±0.91)and(7.16±0.41)mg/100 g,respectively,and decreased with the fruit development.Pears from these typical 3 periods were selected for de novo transcriptome assemble and 68059 unigenes were assembled from 444037960 clean reads.One‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’pathway including 57 unigenes,11 PALs,1 PTAL,64CLs,9 C4Hs,25 HCTs and 5 C3’Hs related to CGA biosynthesis was determined.It was found that the expression levels of 11 differentially expressed genes including 1 PAL,2 C4Hs,34CLs and 5 HCTs were consistent with the change of CGA content.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further showed that 8 unigenes involved in CGA biosynthesis were consistent with the RNA-seq data.These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding and valuable information on the genetic engineering and molecular breeding in KFP.

Response of Leaf Tissue Structure to Exogenous ABA in Korla Fragrant Pear

To study the effects of different concentrations of Abscisic Acid(ABA) on leaf tissue structure of Korla fragrant pear and lay the foundation for the cultivation and regulation of Korla fragrant pear. Using the paraffin section method, the leaf thickness, the epidermis thickness, the palisade tissue thickness and the sponge tissue thickness were measured; palisade spongy ratio, Cell Tightness(CT) and Cell Looseness(CL) were examined after treatments with exogenous ABA. Leaf thickness, leaf palisade spongy ratio and palisade tissue thickness increased significantly after exogenous ABA treatment compared with CK, while the effect on leaf epidermis was not obvious. The leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness increased evidently after 70 mg · LABA treatment by 24.89% and 41.10%, respectively. The tissue structures of leaves were more compact, while CL was lower after 70 and 90 mg · LABA treatments. The effects of different concentrations of exogenous ABA could increase the leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness of Korla fragrant pear and CT, reduced the thickness of spongy tissue and CL. Among those concentrations of exogenous ABA, the effect of spraying 70 mg · Lexogenous ABA was suitable for improving cold resistance of Korla fragrant pear.

Industrialization Development of Korla Fragrant Pear in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,China

Based on the introduction of the natural and geographical conditions in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang(Bazhou),development status of Korla Fragrant Pear is introduced from the two aspects of the production status and the storage and processing status of Korla Fragrant Pear.Among them,production status of Korla Fragrant Pear is analyzed from the aspects of the rapid growth of planting area and the stable growth of output.And the storage and processing status of Korla Fragrant Pear is introduced from the aspects of the development status of the storage industry the development status of processing industry,and the status of domestic and foreign marketing.Problems in the industrialization development of Korla Fragrant Pear in Bazhou are analyzed,such as the weak protection of brand and lack of external propaganda,the imperfect benefit affiliating mechanism between leading enterprises and peasant households,and the marketing network of Korla Fragrant Pear and single mode of marketing.Countermeasures for the acceleration of the industrialization development of Korla Fragrant Pear in Bazhou are put forward,such as making great effort at publicity,brand establishment and counterfeit prevention,cultivating leading enterprises,reducing market risk,implementing industrialization development,adopting various marketing forms and actively developing domestic and international markets.

Changes in Soil Organic Matter,Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents during Decomposition of Pear Branches

[Objectives]To investigate the changes in soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus content in the decomposition process of Korla fragrant pear branches by indoor mixed culture.[Methods]The branches of Korla fragrant pear in the orchard were collected and returned to the field for a period of 150 d for indoor mixed culture.[Results]Different ages of Korla fragrant pear branches have different effects on soil nutrient content during the simulated return to field decomposition process.Compared with the control in the same period,the treatment of returning to field reached a significant level(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the average values of organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content in treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased by 2.16 times and 1.93 times,61%and 59%,5.88 times and 6.88 times,respectively;compared with the control,the average increase performance of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the two treatments was basically the same,and the treatment 2 was the best;compared with the control,the average total phosphorus content of treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased but not significantly.[Conclusions]The contents of soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus were all increased during the decomposition of pear branches,and the overall improvement effect of 10-year-old trees was better than that of 5-year-old trees.Returning the pruned branches to the field can provide a reliable theoretical basis for solving the problem of organic fertilizer shortage in orchards,and also can ensure technical support for improving soil fertility and improving the rhizosphere micro-environment of pear trees.

库尔勒香梨大疆T50无人机授粉参数优选与田间验证

为了提高库尔勒香梨无人机授粉作业的精确性,选用大疆T50无人机,采用三因素(作业速度、作业高度、667 m^(2)喷施量)三水平的正交试验,比较雾滴覆盖率、雾滴密度及雾滴沉积量的分布效果,筛选作业参数并进行了田间授粉效果的验证。结果表明:在环境风速不超过1.5 m/s的条件下,大疆T50无人机对纺锤形库尔勒香梨授粉的最佳作业参数为作业速度4 m/s、作业高度距离树顶4.5 m、667 m^(2)喷施量4L;田间授粉的花序坐果率为75.56%,花朵坐果率为32.87%。影响库尔勒香梨树冠上层雾滴效果的主要因素依次为667 m^(2)喷施量、作业高度、作业速度,影响树冠中层和下层雾滴效果的主要因素依次为667 m^(2)喷施量、作业速度、作业高度。

库尔勒香梨园土壤肥力空间变异特征与综合评价分析

为研究库尔勒香梨园土壤pH、盐分、速效养分以及微量元素空间分布特征,掌握香梨园综合肥力水平,以库尔勒市香梨种植区为研究区,选取具有代表性的50个库尔勒香梨园进行样点布设与土样采集。运用经典统计学和地统计学方法研究香梨园表层(0~40 cm)土壤养分指标和微量元素指标的空间变异性,探究香梨园土壤肥力状况。经典统计分析表明:pH的变异系数为0.02属于弱变异,电导率的变异系数为1.03表现为强变异,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效铁的变异系数分别为0.37、0.53、0.99、0.59、0.45、0.25、0.24和0.48,为中等变异程度,研究区土壤综合肥力指数IFI值在0.37~0.80之间,平均值为0.58;地统计分析表明:土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾的块金系数大于75%,空间自相关性较弱;pH、电导率、速效磷、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效铁的块金系数在25%~75%之间,这些指标具有中等强度的空间自相关性;库尔勒香梨园Ⅰ(优)、Ⅱ(良好)、Ⅲ(中等)、Ⅳ(较差)和Ⅴ(差)类土壤占比分别为2.72%、10.54%、61.80%、24.87%、和2.77%,土壤综合肥力在空间上呈现斑块状,肥力较好的Ⅰ级在北部零星分布、Ⅱ级斑块状分布在北部及西部,Ⅲ级主要分布在北部以及南部,肥力较差的Ⅳ、Ⅴ级主要集中在中部。总体上,库尔勒市香梨园土壤肥力为中等水平,土壤属性空间异质性比较强,其中有效锰、有效铁是制约土壤肥力的主要限制因子,果园有必要进行差异化管理,并应重视补充锰、铁微量元素肥,此外中部地区还要着重补充氮肥、磷肥和有机肥。

库尔勒香梨芽变材料物候期及坐果特性观测

【目的】观测研究库尔勒香梨芽变材料的物候期及坐果特性,为提升库尔勒香梨品质提供参考依据。【方法】以库尔勒香梨和库尔勒香梨芽变材料为研究对象,设置芽变材料无人工授粉组、普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组和普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组,且3个处理组均不喷施促进萼片脱落的药剂,研究3个处理组的物候期、坐果率及脱萼率。【结果】库尔勒香梨芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期高度重合,相差不超过2 d;芽变材料无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率,3个处理组之间均存在极显著差异。【结论】芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期基本一致,现有库尔勒香梨种植区的管理方式无需改变即可直接利用该材料进行嫁接;芽变材料的坐果率与脱萼率都显著高于普通库尔勒香梨,在栽培过程中可以有效减少使用化学药剂,降低成本且提高果实品质。

基于多光谱图像角度融合测定库尔勒香梨理化指标

基于多光谱图像角度融合,提出了一种库尔勒香梨快速无损检测的方法。以库尔勒香梨为研究对象,应用多光谱成像采集系统,以10°为间隔,获取了相对方位角为10°~90°内的多光谱图像。使用ENVI5.1软件进行多光谱图像角度融合并提取感兴趣区域(ROI),获得多光谱数据。对光谱反射率、波段和相对方位角进行了皮尔逊相关性分析,发现波段和相对方位角都对光谱反射率呈极显著相关性,且相对方位角相关系数为0.1大于波段相关系数0.053,有必要在建模过程中加入相对方位角因素。采用标准正态变量变换(SNV)、均值中心化变换(MC)、卷积平滑处理(S_G)和归一化处理(Nor)等预处理方法,选用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建立全波段检测模型,通过校正集相关系数(R_(c))、预测集相关系数(R_(p))、校正集均方根误差(RMSEC)和预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)对模型的效果进行评价,对比探究特征角度下和角度融合下库尔勒香梨关键指标的模型检测效果。结果表明:采用角度融合处理后,所建立的PLSR和SVM模型预测效果都有显著提升。预测库尔勒香梨含水率最优模型为采用角度融合的偏最小二乘回归模型(AF-PLSR),其R_(c)为0.936, RMSEC为0.298,R_(p)为0.901, RMSEP为0.285;预测库尔勒香梨硬度和糖度的最优模型为以角度融合的支持向量机模型(AF-SVM),R_(c)分别为0.894、 0.905, RMSEC为0.527、 0.376;R_(p)为0.830、 0.901, RMSEP为0.532、 0.379。角度融合将不同角度下的光谱数据结合在一起,获得了比单一角度更加丰富的信息,得到了更加完善的光谱。所建立的检测模型精度更高。结果证明:基于多光谱图像角度融合技术预测库尔勒香梨的含水率、硬度和糖度是可行的。为提高多光谱无损检测精度和高光谱无损检测精度提供了一种新的思路。

不同保鲜剂处理对鲜切库尔勒香梨品质的影响

为探索不同保鲜剂处理对鲜切库尔勒香梨的保鲜效果,以新疆库尔勒香梨为试材,选用不同保鲜剂(褪黑素、氯化钠、氯化钙、水杨酸)处理,通过测定其理化指标及菌落总数,分析货架期鲜切梨的保鲜效果。结果表明:4种保鲜剂对鲜切梨均具有较好保鲜效果。与对照组相比,4种保鲜剂均能够有效抑制多酚氧化酶活性,减缓鲜切梨褐变,维持鲜切梨可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖、维生素C含量。在所有处理组中,褪黑素处理组和水杨酸处理组可较好地维持鲜切梨的质量和色泽,显著抑制微生物生长,减缓品质下降,能够有效延长鲜切库尔勒香梨的货架期。

氮输入对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落的影响

【目的】为梨园的合理施肥及可持续健康发展提供参考。【方法】以库尔勒香梨园0~20 cm土层土壤样品为材料,通过分析细菌群落物种组成的相对丰度、α多样性指数,研究了0、150、300、450 kg/hm^(2)共4个施氮水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落的影响。【结果】电导率、碳氮比、全氮含量及硝态氮含量对门水平细菌群落的影响达显著水平,硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、碱解氮含量、全碳含量、碳氮比及电导率对属水平细菌群落的影响达显著水平。施用氮肥后,放线菌门Actinobacteria、类诺卡氏属Nocardioides的相对丰度有所下降,且与土壤氮养分含量以及pH值显著或极显著负相关;施用氮肥后,厚壁菌门Firmicutes、异常球菌-栖热菌门Deinococcus-Thermus、己科河菌门Rokubacteria、A4b、动孢菌属Kineosporia的相对丰度有所增加,芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、盐单胞菌属Halomonas在膨果期的相对丰度在施用氮肥后有所增加,其中己科河菌门的相对丰度与土壤碳氮养分含量以及pH值有显著或极显著相关性,A4b的相对丰度与有机碳含量显著或极显著正相关,动孢菌属的相对丰度与土壤氮养分含量以及pH值显著或极显著正相关,芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度与全氮含量、铵态氮含量显著正相关;绿弯菌门Chloroflexi以及在膨果期的酸杆菌门Acidobacteria、考克氏菌属Kocuria、游球菌属Planococcus的相对丰度随施氮量的增加呈先增加、后降低的趋势,绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门的相对丰度与有机碳含量显著或极显著正相关。在膨果期,随施氮量的增加,细菌群落的Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon指数均表现为先增加、后降低的趋势,300 kg/hm^(2)处理下最高;各处理Chao1指数和Observed species指数均表现为在成熟期最高。相关性分析结果表明细菌群落多样性主要受氮组分含量、有机碳含量以及pH值的影响。【结论】添加氮肥可以影响土壤细菌群落的组成及其多样性,因此适当控制氮素的供给以及调节土壤碳氮比、pH值等,可改善土壤微生物群落结构,维持土壤品质的稳定和微生物区系的健康。

库尔勒香梨大果芽变的鉴定与评价

为鉴定和评价库尔勒香梨大果芽变的性状,为生产栽培和遗传育种提供理论依据,在2020—2021年对库尔勒香梨(对照)及其大果芽变的植物学形态、生物学特性、品质特性进行比较分析。结果表明,大果芽变果实呈倒卵形,库尔勒香梨呈纺锤形;大果芽变的叶片保卫细胞宽度和果肉细胞长度均显著增大;在果实动态发育过程中,大果芽变的单果重及果实含水率均显著高于库尔勒香梨,在果实成熟期,与库尔勒香梨相比,大果芽变果实的可溶性糖含量及糖酸比分别显著提高78.39%和84.54%,石细胞含量显著降低33.33%。经表型性状和品质特性分析,判定大果芽变为库尔勒香梨的优良芽变,可作为品种改良及新品种选育的亲本材料。

基于花序坐果数和果实直感筛选库尔勒香梨适宜的授粉品种

‘库尔勒香梨’属于异花授粉的梨品种。在主产区立地田间下筛选合适的授粉品种是实现提质增效的重要技术措施。试验选择13个梨品种作为父本对‘库尔勒香梨’进行授粉,自然授粉作为对照,分别于授粉后20 d和80 d对花序坐果数进行调查,待果实成熟后将授粉果实的部分指标和种子特性进行测定和比较分析,采用相关性分析和主成分分析对授粉果实的12项指标进行果实性状综合评价并计算综合得分,为‘库尔勒香梨’筛选高效授粉品种提供参考。结果表明:不同授粉组合中,花序坐果数较对照显著提高,在单果质量、偏斜指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、石细胞团含量、种子数、鲜籽质量和干籽质量方面果实直感效应明显,但在果形指数、可食部分大小(心果比)和饱籽数果实直感效应不完全明显。部分果实指标间存在着显著或极显著的相关性。通过主成分分析所提取的4个主成分累计方差贡献率达89.298%,包含了果实指标的大部分信息,综合得分结果显示‘南果梨’‘园黄’‘寒红’‘砀山酥梨’和‘新妃’5个梨品种对‘库尔勒香梨’授粉效果较好。

Valsa侵染库尔勒香梨树后抗性酶活性变化规律

新疆阿克苏地区由Valsa mali var.pyri、Valsa sordida引起的腐烂病是制约库尔勒香梨发展的重要病害,为研究库尔勒香梨感染腐烂病后与防御酶活性的变化关系,以库尔勒香梨为试验材料,分别采集同一株树不同发病组织和不同发病程度枝条韧皮部,研究其抗性相关酶活性变化。结果表明:病害在完全侵入组织后,SOD活性呈下降的趋势,在发病组织,POD、CAT活性最高,PAL在病健交界处活性最高。随着发病程度的增加,SOD活性整体呈先上升后下降的趋势,POD活性呈逐渐上升的趋势,CAT活性先下降后上升,PAL活性先上升后下降,PPO总体呈下降趋势。库尔勒香梨抗性相关酶活性呈现不同变化响应Valsa侵染。在Valsa与库尔勒香梨互作系统中,抗性酶可作为抗病性和检测病害指标,为检测库尔勒香梨腐烂病发病程度提供理论依据。

库尔勒香梨全产业链发展现状与对策建议

库尔勒香梨是新疆的优势林果产品。对近年来库尔勒市全力打造库尔勒香梨全产业链的成功经验进行了梳理与总结,对存在的问题进行了深入剖析,并针对性地提出了建设性建议。

植物生长调节剂对主干形库尔勒香梨坐果率的影响

【目的】解决主干形库尔勒香梨上部生长势过强的问题。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为试材,在大蕾期、坐果期喷施不同浓度PBO和CCC,测定其对库尔勒香梨坐果率的影响。【结果】以坐果期喷PBO 300倍液,大蕾期喷CCC 1000 mg/L的效果较为理想,坐果率分别达到了24.62%和21.03%;大蕾期和坐果期喷施PBO均有提高香梨坐果率的效应,而坐果期喷施CCC在一定程度上降低了香梨的坐果率。【结论】通过提高主干形香梨上部的坐果率,能够达到以果压冠的效果,从而抑制香梨上部的生长,均衡树体结构。

“痘丽净”对库尔勒香梨品质和产量的影响研究

【目的】由于果农对库尔勒香梨园区土壤养分状况缺乏系统了解而盲目施肥,导致多数果园果实大小不一,树势衰弱,产量不稳,营养不良,品质不佳。为此,研发了一款能调钙补钙的有机水溶肥“痘丽净”,以改善库尔勒香梨品质。【方法】以新疆库尔勒香梨为试材,在幼果期、果实膨大期叶面喷施“痘丽净”有机水溶肥,研究其对果实品质、叶片及果实钙含量及产量的影响。【结果】喷施“痘丽净”较进口含钙水溶肥及对照组单果质量平均增加3.6%、6.4%,硬度平均增加2.4%、4.1%,特1级果率平均增加3.4%、5.7%,可溶性固形物质量分数平均增加12.4%、22.5%,维生素C含量平均增加5.0%、7.9%,可溶性糖质量分数平均增加6.7%、10.3%,可滴定酸质量分数平均降低8.2%、10.1%,糖酸比平均增加16.4%、22.9%,每亩(667m^(2))增产分别120 kg、160 kg;此外,叶面喷施“痘丽净”可以有效促进叶片钙转移到果实中。【结论】综合试验结果,喷施“痘丽净”有机水溶肥可以显著提高果实品质、增加果实钙含量,改善果实内在质量,提高产量,增加经济收益。

A Study of the Distribution of Apple stem pitting virus in Tissues of Pear Tree Using In Situ Hybridization and In Situ RT-PCR

To understand the distribution of Apple stem pitting virus （ASPV） in tissues of pear tree and provide directly theorical and technical support for shoot tips detoxication, leaves and shoot tips of Korla pear were used as the materials, cDNA probe for ASPV was synthesized through RT-PCR reaction system using the unradioactive digoxigenin-labeled probe, and the specificity and sensitivity of probe were verified by blot hybridization method. Paraffin slice for in situ PCR and in situ hybridization was made and the location and distribution of ASPV RNA were detected in paraffin slices using in situ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the important factors which influenced the experiment results were optimized. ASPV mainly distributed in palisade tissue of mesophyll cells, external cortex of the tip, and the corresponding newborn vascular bundles. 20 min was the suitable digestive time for proteinase K. For the better amplication, RT reaction system should be above 0.2 U μL^-1 and 0.4 mmol L^-1 for RNasin and dNTPs respectively, 0.1-1.3 U μ L^-1 SuperScript Ⅱ, 0.6- 0.8 μmol L^-1 primer concentration, and above 0.5 U 100 μL^-1 LA Taq DNA polymerase. The suitable annealing temperature in PCR reaction was 60℃ with 35 cycles. The apical meristem of 0.25 mm was the region of virus-free.

不同脱萼处理对库尔勒香梨果实脱萼率和果实品质的影响

【目的】为筛选出适合库尔勒香梨的绿色、安全果实脱萼方案。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为试验材料,分别在初花期、盛花期喷施不同浓度的母梨剂、氟硅唑、苯甲·丙环唑、美翠、金村秋进行脱萼处理,喷清水为对照,研究不同脱萼剂的不同处理对库尔勒香梨果实脱萼率及果实单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物等外观和内质指标的影响。【结果】母梨剂处理后,脱萼率与对照相比均显著提高,果形指数与对照相比均有不同程度的降低,效果较好的是处理T2(2000倍液盛花期喷施1次),脱萼率为79.28%,对果实品质无不良影响。氟硅唑处理后,脱萼率与对照相比均显著提高,不同氟硅唑处理的果形指数、果柄长度均低于对照,且呈现随着处理浓度的升高而降低的趋势。脱萼效果较好的是处理T6(4000倍液,初花期和盛花期各喷1次),脱萼率为98.68%,比对照提高了49.50%,平均单果质量显著高于对照。苯甲·丙环唑处理后,脱萼率与对照相比显著提高,脱萼率呈现随处理浓度增大而提高的趋势,果形指数、心果比和果柄长度均低于对照。脱萼效果比较好的是处理T12(4000倍液,初花期和盛花期各喷施1次),脱萼率为88.43%,比对照提高了39.25%,可提高果实可溶性固形物。美翠初花期处理,脱萼率随着处理浓度的提高而提高,处理T17(20倍液,初花期喷施1次)的脱萼率效果最好,脱萼率80.89%,约是对照的1.6倍,果实的心果比、果柄粗度显著低于对照,可溶性固形物显著高于对照。金村秋处理后,盛花期低浓度处理T30(1000倍液,盛花期喷施1次)的脱萼率效果较好,脱萼率为75.14%,果实单果质量、果形指数、心果比和可溶性固形物等均与对照差异不显著。【结论】几种脱萼剂处理后,均可以提高香梨果实脱萼率,形成更多的脱萼果(俗称母梨),效果依次为氟硅唑>苯甲·丙环唑>母梨剂、美翠和金村秋。