A modified Kozeny-Carman equation for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite in confined condition

Kozeny-Carman(KC) equation is a well-known relation between hydraulic conductivity and pore properties in porous material. The applications of KC equation to predicting saturated hydraulic conductivities of sands and non-expansive soils are well documented. However, KC equation is incapable of predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity of expansive soil(e.g. bentonite) well. Based on a new dualpore system, this study modified KC equation for improving the prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivities of bentonites. In this study, an assumption that inter-layer space(micropore) has limited effect on fluid flow performance of compacted bentonite was adopted. The critical parameters including total porosity and total tortuosity in conventional KC equation were replaced by macroporosity and tortuosity of macropore, respectively. Macroporosity and microporosity were calculated by basal spacing of compacted bentonite, which was estimated by assuming that specific surface area is changeable during saturation process. A comprehensive comparison of bentonite’s saturated hydraulic conductivity predictions, including modified KC equation proposed in this study, conventional KC equation, and prediction method based on diffuse double layer(DDL) theory, was carried out. It was found that the predicted saturated hydraulic conductivity of bentonites calculated using modified KC equation fitted the experimental data better than others to a certain extent.

基于CFD技术的船型参数对船体水动力性能影响研究

船型参数对船体水动力性能的影响至关重要,合适的船体型线能够有效改善船体各方面性能。本文以KCS船型为例,首先采用CFD方法建立三维数值水池,通过VOF方法捕捉自由液面,并将RANS方程作为控制方程,模拟船体在不同速度下的总阻力和纵摇、升沉幅值。然后与实验值进行对比,结果表明本文采用的方法能够准确计算KCS船型的水动力性能。最后,研究船体长度和船体宽度的变化对船体水动力性能的影响。结果表明,船长对船体的水动力性能影响较大,而船宽仅对船体纵摇角度有较大影响。

多周期稳定数值造波的参数设计方法

[目的]针对数值模拟中波浪随传播时间和距离发生波幅衰减及相位偏移的问题,提出一套可用于多周期稳定造波的参数设计方法。[方法]基于Navier-Stokes方程和流体体积(VOF)方法进行五阶Stokes波数值模拟,通过对一维波动方程的离散形式进行分析,研究几个重要参数对造波效果的影响。最后,应用所提参数设计方法对KCS船型在迎浪中的阻力和运动响应进行三维数值计算,并与模型实验结果进行比较。[结果]结果表明,将内迭代次数、网格分辨率、库朗数等参数按照一定规则设置,20个波周期内的波幅误差约5%,40个波周期的约10%。对KCS船型进行的三维数值计算结果与模型实验结果相比误差约10%。[结论]经此研究,验证了所提方法的可行性。