Variations in Wave Energy and Amplitudes along the Energy Dispersion Paths of Nonstationary Barotropic Rossby Waves

The variations in the wave energy and the amplitude along the energy dispersion paths of the barotropic Rossby waves in zonally symmetric basic flow are studied by solving the wave energy equation,which expresses that the wave energy variability is determined by the divergence of the group velocity and the energy budget from the basic flow.The results suggest that both the wave energy and the amplitude of a leading wave increase significantly in the propagating region that is located south of the jet axis and enclosed by a southern critical line and a northern turning latitude.The leading wave gains the barotropic energy from the basic flow by eddy activities.The amplitude continuously climbs up a peak at the turning latitude due to increasing wave energy and enlarging horizontal scale(shrinking total wavenumber).Both the wave energy and the amplitude eventually decrease when the trailing wave continuously approaches southward to the critical line.The trailing wave decays and its energy is continuously absorbed by the basic flow.Furthermore,both the wave energy and the amplitude oscillate with a limited range in the propagating region that is located near the jet axis and enclosed by two turning latitudes.Both the leading and trailing waves neither develop nor decay significantly.The jet works as a waveguide to allow the waves to propagate a long distance.

Explicit Solution to the Wave Dispersion Equation with Higher Accuracy

Based on the previous study results, two higher accuracy explicit solutions to the dispersion equation for wave length are presented in this paper. These two solutions have an accuracy of 0. 1% over all wave lengths, which is sufficiently complete for practical application. At the same time, several previous explicit solutions also have been reviewed and compared herein. In comparison with accuracy, the results show that the present two solutions are as good as Wu and Thornton＇s solution （which has a good accuracy over all wave lengths, but its calculation formula is so complex that it is hard to be used with a hand calculator）, and are better than the other solutions, they may be rather useful in practical calculation with a hand calculator or computer.

Optical Dispersion Parameters with Different Orientations for SrLaAlO_4 Single Crystals

The different optical dispersion parameters of SrLaAIO4 single crystals have been studied by the transmission andreflection measurements at normal incidence for the three orientations 001, 100 and 101 in the spectral range400 nm^2500 nm.The optical absorption data revealed the existance of allowed indirect and direct transition. Therefractive index has abnormal behaviour in the spectral region 400~900 nm, but has a normal one in the higherwavelength region. The optical dispersion parameters, the single oscillator energy Eo and the dispersion energy Edwere determined and indicated the ionic structure of the material. The high-frequency dielectric constant, the latticedielectric constant and the electronic polarizability were determined by the free carriers and the lattice vibrationmodes. The real dielectric constant (?)1, the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), the volume (VELF) and the surface energyloss function (SELF) have also been discussed.

Phonon dispersion relations and soft modes of 4 carbon nanotubes

The phonon dispersion relations of three kinds of 4 A carbon nanotubes are calculated by using the density functional perturbation theory. It is found that the frequencies of some phonon modes are very sensitive to the smearing width used in the calculations, and eventually become negative at low electronic temperature. Moreover, two kinds of soft modes are identified for the （5,0） tube which are quite different from those reported previously. Our results suggest that the （5,0） tube remains metallic at very low temperature, instead of the metallie-semiconducting transition claimed before.

Modeling of unidirectional blood flow in microvessels with effects of shear-induced dispersion and particle migration

A cell-free layer,adjacent to microvessel walls,is present in the blood flow in the microcirculation regime.This layer is of vital importance for the transport of oxygen-saturated red cells to unsaturated tissues.In this work,we first discuss the physics of formation of this cell-free layer in terms of a balance between the shear-induced dispersion and particle migration.To this end,we use high-viscosity drops as prototypes for cells,and discuss our results in terms of physical parameters such as the viscosity ratio and the capillary number.We also provide a short-time analysis of the transient drift-dispersion equation,which helps us better explain the formation process of the cell-free layer.Moreover,we present models for investigating the blood flow in two different scales of microcirculation.For investigating the blood flow in venules and arterioles,we consider a continuous core-flow model,where the core-flow solution is considered to be a Casson fluid,surrounded by a small annular gap of Newtonian plasma,corresponding to the cell-free layer.We also propose a simple model for smaller vessels,such as capillaries,whose diameters are of a few micrometers.In this lower-bound limit,we consider a periodic configuration of aligned,rigid,and axi-symmetric cells,moving in a Newtonian fluid.In this regime,we approximate the fluid flow using the lubrication theory.The intrinsic viscosity of the blood is theoretically predicted,for both the lower and upper-bound regimes,as a function of the non-dimensional vessel diameter,in good agreement with the previous experimental works.We compare our theoretical predictions with the experimental data,and obtain qualitatively good agreement with the well-known Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect.A possible application of this work could be in illness diagnosis by evaluating changes in the intrinsic viscosity due to blood abnormalities.

Dispersion of ultrafine alumina in modifier solution ——the role of polar interfacial interaction

Dispersion of ultrafine alumina suspension is examined by using particle size analyzer. The zeta potential and contact angle measurements were used to discuss the electrokinetic behavior and surface wettability of alumina in modifier solution, and to calculate the electrostatic interaction forces and interfacial interaction forces between alumina particles. The aggregation of ultrafine alumina occurs near its PZC. Addition of modifier increases the zeta potential of alumina and its surface hydrophilicity, resulting in increase of electrostatic and hydration repulsion. It makes the suspension of ultrafine alumina completely dispersed. The average particle size of the suspension is decreased from 1.73 μm in absence of modifier to 0.8 μm in the presence of tripolyphosphate. According to polar interfacial interaction approach, the hydration forces responsible for the stability of alumina suspension in the presence of modifier have also been obtained. The extended DLVO theory is successful to describe the dispersion behavior of ultrafine alumina in modifier solution.

Remarks on the Erroneous Dispersion Surfaces From a Pair of a Hyperbolic Branch and An Elliptical Arc of the Intersected Two Laue Spheres Based on the Usual Crude Approximation

In almost all previous works, the hyperbolic dispersion surfaces of the central proper quadrics have been crudely derived from the degree of reduction from the bi-quadratic equation by use of some roughly indefinable approximate relations. Moreover, neglecting the high symmetry of the hyperbola, both the branches have been approximated on the asymmetric surfaces composed of a pair of a branch of the hyperbola and a vertex of the ellipse without the presentation of reasonable evidence. Based upon the same dispersion surfaces equation, a new original gapless dispersion surfaces could be rigorously introduced without crude omission of even a term in the bi-quadratic equation based upon usual analogy with the extended band theory of solid as the close approximation to the truth.

Theoretical investigation of the dispersion interaction in argon dimer and trimer

The ultimate aim of the present work is to establish an acceptable level of computation for the van der waals (vdw) complexes that is able to pick up appreciable amount of dispersion interaction energy, reproduce the equilibrium separation within the acceptable limits and at the same time cost and time effective. In order to reach this aim vdw clusters where pure isotropic dispersion interaction occur, namely, Ar dimer and trime were investigated. Computations using different basis sets and at different levels of theory have been carried out. Three basis sets, namely, the 6-31++G**, the 6-311++G** and the aug-cc-pvdz basis set, were found superior to all other basis sets used. The high performance and relative small CPU time of the 6-31++G** basis set make it a good candidate for use with large vdw clusters, especially those of interest in biology. Three compound methods were applied in the present work, namely G1, G2 and G2 Moller-Plesset (MP2) and the complete basis set method, CBS-Q. These methods failed to detect the attraction dispersion interaction in the dimer. The predicted repulsive interaction seems dominant in all these methods. Some of the recently developed Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods that were parameterized to account for the dispersion interaction were also evaluated in the present work. Results come to the conclusion that, in contrast to the claims made, state-of-the-art Density Functional Theory methods are incapable of accounting for dispersion effects in a quantitative way, although these methods predict correctly the inter-atomic separations and are?thus considered a real improvement over the conventional methods. BS-SE has been computed, analyzed and discussed.

The Dispersion Effect in Photonic Crystal Fibers

Based on the Harmonitor theory of field in PCFs in which the second order differential to the transmission distance is included, and by the Darboux solution, the dispersion effect on the field is re-discussed. The results can be used in the dispersion parameter design of photonics crystal fibers. The field will expand and split faster than that in common fibers so that (as the description of Harmonitor theory) the higher-order dispersion should be taken into account. The high-order dispersion can also induce pulse compression while its pre-order dispersion values are zeroes. The dispersion coefficient changes with distance.

GaSe/ZnS异质结的结构和界面性质的第一性原理研究

本文设计了一种GaSe/ZnS范德瓦耳斯异质结构(vdWH),并用第一性原理计算系统地分析了该异质结构的几何、电子、输运性质。通过结合能、声子谱、从头算分子动力学(AIMD)模拟验证了所构建GaSe/ZnS范德瓦耳斯异质结构的稳定性。详细计算了GaSe/ZnS vdWH界面性质中的平面平均电子密度差和平均静电势。结果表明,GaSe/ZnS vdWH是一种直接带隙为2.19 eV,载流子迁移率较高的异质结构。其中,沿x方向的电子迁移率可达1394.63 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),而沿y方向的电子迁移率可达1913.18 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),性能优异,有望应用于电子纳米器件。

基于郑氏妇科温补理论辨治子宫腺肌病经验撷英

子宫腺肌病是临床常见的难治性妇科疾病,其发病机制较复杂,西医治疗效果欠佳。郑氏妇科在长期医疗实践中逐渐认识到阳气虚弱、寒凝血瘀为本病的核心病机,用药崇尚温补,以温阳益气、化瘀散结为主要治法;并宗“杂合以治”之旨,创立中医综合治疗方案,内服与外治并用,整体与局部相统一,临床屡获良效。对子宫腺肌病病程缠绵日久而正气虚弱、气血耗伤者,采用丸剂或中成药以温补气血、调理善后。附验案1则。

糖尿病肾病中医辨证分型研究概述

近年来临床上关于糖尿病肾病(DKD)中医辨证分型和治法方药的研究涌现了多种学术观点。辨证方式主要包括根据病因病机辨证及根据临床分期辨证两种。病因病机辨证主要包括病因辨证与脏腑辨证,脏腑辨证中主要涉及脾不散精理论和心肾一体论;分期辨证则多以DKD的各种西医分期为基础。随着检验检查技术的提高,检验指标和检查结果逐渐成为辨证分型的物质基础和量化指标,DKD辨证分型涉及的检查指标主要有糖脂代谢指标、炎症因子、尿蛋白及肾功能相关指标、肾脏血流动力学指标等。参考文献82篇。

奥氏体不锈钢材料劣化快速评价技术

对不同状态下304不锈钢的里氏硬度分布、超声回波信号、显微组织等进行研究,阐明了里氏硬度离散率、超声波频谱分布等指标与材料劣化状态之间的关系,并运用D-S证据理论将多指标信息融合后,对奥氏体不锈钢材料进行评价。结果表明:正常固溶处理的304不锈钢的硬度离散率小于1.5%,而当材料劣化时,其硬度离散率会显著增大,且超声回波信号的频谱能量分布特征也存在显著变化;采用D-S证据理论对里氏硬度离散率、超声回波的低频能量下降比和高频能量下降比3个指标进行融合,可有效解决评价指标之间的相互冲突问题,显著提高奥氏体不锈钢现场快速评价结果的置信度。

基于《丹溪心法》痰气同治法论治甲状腺结节

甲状腺结节发病率逐年升高,手术切除等问题广泛困扰着患者。基于《丹溪心法》“善治痰者,不治痰而治气,气顺则一身之津液亦随气而行”理论,从中医探讨气与痰的关系,并提出痰气同治法治疗甲状腺结节,为临床诊治提供治疗思路。

基于膜系理论的疾病治疗原则

膜系是全身膜状结构及其附属组织共同构成的多层次复杂系统,根据其是否与外界相通,可分为外通性膜系与内通性膜系。外通性膜系具有屏障保护功能,是与外界环境物质、信息和能量交换的重要结构;内通性膜系具有联络协调的功能,是机体各脏腑器官之间物质、信息和能量交换的重要结构。基于膜系理论,可指导临床膜系疾病的治疗。外通性膜系是重要的祛邪途径,临床可采用汗、吐、下等方法,通过调畅外通性膜系的气津输布,以祛邪而出。内通性膜系是疾病传变的重要途径,其常见病理为气机郁滞、水液代谢异常等,可通过调理膜系气津输布治疗疾病。调畅膜系气津输布时,应重点关注少阳与中焦气机,以恢复全身气机升降出入。全身膜系起源于肾,在膜系疾病早期注重顾护肾膜,可先安未受邪之地;在疾病中晚期调补肾阴肾阳,可治疾病之本,顾护正气。

从五脏苦欲补泻理论浅析叶天士治疗肝风经验

五脏苦欲补泻理论中,遂从本脏之所欲,顺其性而治者为补;逆从本脏之所喜,反其性而治者为泻,每一味药物均有补泻两方面。叶天士认为,肝风为“身中阳气之变动”,遵“肝苦急,急食甘以缓之”的治疗原则,总结出治肝三法:甘缓法、辛散法、酸泻法。肝体亏虚、肝血不足所致肝风,采用甘酸柔肝法以缓肝,药用芍药甘草汤、何首乌、枸杞子等;胃中空虚所致肝风,采用清养阳明法以缓肝,药用甘麦大枣汤;肝肾亏虚,阳亢不潜所致肝风,采用甘缓潜摄法以缓肝,药用地黄饮子化裁、虎潜丸、牡蛎、六味地黄丸、桑螵蛸等;情志困扰、忧思劳神所致肝风,采用辛甘化风法以补肝,药用当归身、枸杞子、桂圆肉等;肝木气郁化火所致肝风,采用酸敛法以泻肝,药用乌梅、白芍、黄柏、黄连等。

Bifurcation analysis and exact traveling wave solutions for (2+1)-dimensional generalized modified dispersive water wave equation

We investigate (2+1)-dimensional generalized modified dispersive water wave (GMDWW) equation by utilizing the bifurcation theory of dynamical systems. We give the phase portraits and bifurcation analysis of the plane system corresponding to the GMDWW equation. By using the special orbits in the phase portraits, we analyze the existence of the traveling wave solutions. When some parameter takes special values, we obtain abundant exact kink wave solutions, singular wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, periodic singular wave solutions, and solitary wave solutions for the GMDWW equation.

中医“消法”源流与发展

“消法”为中医重要治则治法之一,其源流最早可追溯至《黄帝内经》,经历代医家不断补充与发展,其理论不断趋于完善,用药日益丰富,运用逐渐广泛,及至清代,程钟龄在其著作《医学心悟》中第一次明确提出“消法”这一概念,近现代以来,“消法”的适用范围逐渐明确为气滞、血瘀、痰饮、水湿、食滞所致疾病。在“消法”的发展过程中,其应用范围由杂症具体至内、外、妇、儿各科疾病;其应用方式也由以汤药为主扩展到汤液、丸药、散剂等不同剂型,其含义也由“广义消法”逐渐过渡为“狭义消法”。文章以时间为主线,以医家著作为载体,详细梳理《黄帝内经》时期至近现代中医“消法”的源流与发展。以期进一步提高中医界对“消法”的认识,为“消法”更加广泛应用于临床及进一步深入研究提供参考。

Scalings for the Alfvén-cyclotron instability in a bi-kappa plasma

The particle velocity distribution in space plasma usually exhibits a non-Maxwellian high-energy tail that can be well modeled by kappa distributions.In this study,we focus on the growth rates of the Alfvén-cyclotron instability driven by ion temperature anisotropy in a kappa plasma.By solving the kinetic linear dispersion equation,we explore the sensitivity of growth rates to the spectral indexκof a bi-kappa distribution under different plasma conditions,including a variety of plasma beta β_(hp) and temperature anisotropy A_(hp) values of hot protons.Furthermore,a concise,analytic scaling formula is derived that relates the dimensionless maximum growth rate to three independent variables:the spectral index and the plasma beta and temperature anisotropy of hot protons.Our results show that as theκ-value increases,the instability bandwidth narrows and the maximum growth rate increases significantly.For higherβ_(hp)and A_(hp)′the maximum instability undergoes a sharp increase as well.When our fits of dimensionless maximum growth rates are compared with solutions to kinetic linear dispersion theory,the results generally exhibit good agreement between them.Especially under the circumstances of largeκ-values and highβ_(hp)and A_(hp)′the scalings of maximum growth rates primarily accurately model the numerical solutions.Our analytic expressions can readily be used in large-scale models of the Earth’s magnetosphere to understand wave generation due to the Alfvén-cyclotron instability.

伦敦色散力校正对含能分子晶体结构和弹性力学性能的影响

基于密度泛函理论,通过调控不同色散校正方法,估算了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(γ-CL-20)、三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)和环四亚甲基四硝胺(HMX)3种含能分子晶体间的非共价键相互作用,计算了其弹性张量,并考察了色散校正相互作用对HMX弹性张量的影响。结果表明,在所有晶体中,分子间伦敦色散能均大于分子间其他相互作用力,从而主导分子的排列堆积和结构稳定性;TATB分子中的平面氢键使结构具有明显的各向异性,从而导致弹性张量也呈现明显的各向异性,γ-CL-20和HMX结构和弹性张量的各向异性程度较低;取消色散校正会导致HMX弹性常数减小超过65%,证明当含能分子中没有氢键时色散校正能对弹性张量贡献巨大;弹性常数的相对大小可以定性反映出分子感度的相对高低,含能分子晶体弹性常数的理论值和实验值基本一致,对含能材料的结构和力学性能关系的理解具有重要意义。