One of the issues that geomorphology researchers have focused on is to trace the geomorphic effects and the snow lines in the Quaternary glaciers in Iran. This research has been carried out in the valleys of the south...One of the issues that geomorphology researchers have focused on is to trace the geomorphic effects and the snow lines in the Quaternary glaciers in Iran. This research has been carried out in the valleys of the southern slopes of Alvand Kuh Mountains, namely the Serkan and Mobarakabad valleys. The equilibrium line altitude between current and ancient glaciers is one of the parameters that is used as a variation indicator of climate. There are several ways to rebuild this parameter (Ancient ELA). Equilibrium Line altitude requires the accurate knowledge of glacial geomorphic landforms and evidence. According to Kuhle, Hofer and Luis methods, providing and estimating the ancient and permanent snow lines were carried out in this research during field operations within several intervals and the glacial geomorphic evidences were identified such as circuses, sidebar moraines and terminal moraines. The six glacier subwatersheds were developed in a study area based on Kuhle, Hofer and Luis methods in which only two valleys of Serkan 3 and Mubarak Abad 3 had a high degree of accuracy in their ELA drop rate and old snow lines. It should be noted that the current snowlines of the current study area are 4400 m and 1400 m (based on the Schweitzer map). The results of the estimated snow lines for each of the six valleys are shown in Table 4. At the present study, the main of the Mobarak Abad valley area was divided to six glacial valleys which are called Serkan 1, 2, 3 and Mobarak Abad 1, 2, 3 and then several layers were provided, including cirque layers, moraine layers, primary and secondary crest layers, high crest layers, 10-meter DEM layer, highlight, different contour line layers and valleys profiles and finally, the ultimate map of glacial geomorphology of Serkan and Mobarak Abad valleys was prepared.展开更多
The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoir...The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoirs in the world. Structures in this area have complications and the study anticline has unique structures in the Fars region. In the study area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline due to special fold style and rotation toward Northeast is the unique structure between anticlines of the Zagros belt. This anticline is fault bend fold and plunge of the anticline in eastern part rotated toward Northeast along with the Nezamabad fault trend. In this area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline has asymmetric structures and some faults such as the Nezamabad and the Sarvestan strike slip fault effect on this anticline. The geometry of anticlines in the Zagros fold-thrust belt is affected by the type of deformation and mechanical behavior of stratigraphic units specially detachment units. The purpose of this research is to determine of folding pattern of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. Also, we use some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for preparing some data.?Based on the research, which have been done, the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates causes rotation as a result of lateral, along-strike migration of the ductile substrate. The ductile or viscose layer in the study area is Hormuz Series. Due to lack or thinning of Hormuz salt over the Gavbandi basement high and in the eastern side of the Nezamabad basement fault, causes translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest unlike foreland basin due to the Nezamabad fault activity. This style between all of the anticlines in the study area is unique that rotates unlike foreland basin. In addition, influence on anticlockwise rotation, extensional stress has been created and then salt dome cropping out in Southeast of the Kuh-Qazi anticline. One of the best evidence for effect of extensional stress is triangular facets in this part of the study anticline. Based on folding analysis (geometry of axial plane and fold orientation), it is clearly confirmed that the translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest has been formed by basement fault activity as the Nezamabad fault in the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates of the study area.展开更多
The Kuh-e Siah anticline is located in the Sarvestan area of the Fars province (186 km to Persian Gulf) and Interior Fars sub basin. This anticline is a fault bend fold and is located in the Sarvestan fault zone with ...The Kuh-e Siah anticline is located in the Sarvestan area of the Fars province (186 km to Persian Gulf) and Interior Fars sub basin. This anticline is a fault bend fold and is located in the Sarvestan fault zone with Northwest-Southeast trend. The Sarvestan fault zone has caused main deformation by dextral strike slip activity in southern part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The main aim of this paper is to determine of fold style elements and folding pattern of the Kuh-e Siah anticline. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In addition, we used some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for prepared some data. Folds, which are close sideways, are neutral and these require special attention. It is remarkable that, in all sections of the Kuh-e Siah anticline, fold type is close and in the middle part of the anticline, fold type is different with other parts. In the middle part, fold type is upright-moderately gently plunging. On the other hand, in northwestern and southeastern parts fold type is similar together. These results maybe show that fold style follow that fold sigmoidal shape that created with two-fault segment of the Sarvestan fault zone in the study area. Therefore, it seems that the Kuh-e Siah anticline has suffered high deformation in the Sarvestan fault zone and this fault zone has created shear zone.展开更多
The granitoids-diroretic complex and associated volcanic suits of Malek Siah Kuh (eastern Iran) were examined by RS, XRD, XRF, AAS and ICP-MS methods. The Multispectral data were used for differentiating of lithologic...The granitoids-diroretic complex and associated volcanic suits of Malek Siah Kuh (eastern Iran) were examined by RS, XRD, XRF, AAS and ICP-MS methods. The Multispectral data were used for differentiating of lithological units, main alterations, structural trends, and hydrothermally altered minerals. Based on the results of remote sensing, field studies and petrographic data, the complex classified into three main groups: 1) mafic unit (gabbro-basalt), 2) intermediate rocks (diorite-andesite suite) and 3) felsic unit (granitoide rocks). The complex is characterized by high Al2O3 and Sr contents as well as high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, while low in Y and Yb contents. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks indicate that they are similar to adakite like rocks. The complex is high calc-alkaline to shoshonitic nature. The results indicated derivation from similar silicate melt source followed by differentiation and assimilation of crustal rocks. Based on set of petrological and geochemical relations, 3 distinct stages of mineralization process can be recognized. 1) It is differentiation during magma evolution as well as metal enrichment and subsolidus leaching by hot fluids. 2) It occurred by ascending of the gas-rich magma and release of S and As. 3) It was accompanied by hydrothermal activities leading to the generation of sulfidation and associated polymetallic (Cu, Au, Fe) mineralization.展开更多
Oil (bituminous) shales source rocks with variable amounts of solid kerogen type II are the conditions for changing the oil that is not provided for them. Each of these shales affected in temperature about 150 to 170 ...Oil (bituminous) shales source rocks with variable amounts of solid kerogen type II are the conditions for changing the oil that is not provided for them. Each of these shales affected in temperature about 150 to 170 gallons of oil produced. Therefore by reducing hydrocarbon resources, it can be a good energy source for the future. To study the geochemistry of this shale, one section of outcrops in the Kuh-e Kaino (Northern Khozestan) was selected which was located in the central Zagros. Chemical analysis and thin sections were prepared from samples of carbonate shale. These deposits with a thickness of 115 m of the Lower Jurassic formations Neyriz and Sargelo relative age and their relationship are gradual and interfinger. The upper border after an erosional unconformity, Fahliyan Formation of Lower Cretaceous age on them covered. Analysis results show that the percentage of organic matter this shales in Kuh-e Kainois is equivalent to 8.44 percent. The index has gained economic value of metal elements Sr, V, Ba, Ni, and also has economic value. Bituminous materials formed stabilize in shaley source rock of Sargelo formation, but not with continuous deposition on them, as a result of temperature and pressure not increasing and immature kerogen. The causes of this event are as follows: the basin tectonic condition, Stratigraphy position and faults activity in the basin.展开更多
文摘One of the issues that geomorphology researchers have focused on is to trace the geomorphic effects and the snow lines in the Quaternary glaciers in Iran. This research has been carried out in the valleys of the southern slopes of Alvand Kuh Mountains, namely the Serkan and Mobarakabad valleys. The equilibrium line altitude between current and ancient glaciers is one of the parameters that is used as a variation indicator of climate. There are several ways to rebuild this parameter (Ancient ELA). Equilibrium Line altitude requires the accurate knowledge of glacial geomorphic landforms and evidence. According to Kuhle, Hofer and Luis methods, providing and estimating the ancient and permanent snow lines were carried out in this research during field operations within several intervals and the glacial geomorphic evidences were identified such as circuses, sidebar moraines and terminal moraines. The six glacier subwatersheds were developed in a study area based on Kuhle, Hofer and Luis methods in which only two valleys of Serkan 3 and Mubarak Abad 3 had a high degree of accuracy in their ELA drop rate and old snow lines. It should be noted that the current snowlines of the current study area are 4400 m and 1400 m (based on the Schweitzer map). The results of the estimated snow lines for each of the six valleys are shown in Table 4. At the present study, the main of the Mobarak Abad valley area was divided to six glacial valleys which are called Serkan 1, 2, 3 and Mobarak Abad 1, 2, 3 and then several layers were provided, including cirque layers, moraine layers, primary and secondary crest layers, high crest layers, 10-meter DEM layer, highlight, different contour line layers and valleys profiles and finally, the ultimate map of glacial geomorphology of Serkan and Mobarak Abad valleys was prepared.
文摘The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoirs in the world. Structures in this area have complications and the study anticline has unique structures in the Fars region. In the study area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline due to special fold style and rotation toward Northeast is the unique structure between anticlines of the Zagros belt. This anticline is fault bend fold and plunge of the anticline in eastern part rotated toward Northeast along with the Nezamabad fault trend. In this area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline has asymmetric structures and some faults such as the Nezamabad and the Sarvestan strike slip fault effect on this anticline. The geometry of anticlines in the Zagros fold-thrust belt is affected by the type of deformation and mechanical behavior of stratigraphic units specially detachment units. The purpose of this research is to determine of folding pattern of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. Also, we use some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for preparing some data.?Based on the research, which have been done, the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates causes rotation as a result of lateral, along-strike migration of the ductile substrate. The ductile or viscose layer in the study area is Hormuz Series. Due to lack or thinning of Hormuz salt over the Gavbandi basement high and in the eastern side of the Nezamabad basement fault, causes translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest unlike foreland basin due to the Nezamabad fault activity. This style between all of the anticlines in the study area is unique that rotates unlike foreland basin. In addition, influence on anticlockwise rotation, extensional stress has been created and then salt dome cropping out in Southeast of the Kuh-Qazi anticline. One of the best evidence for effect of extensional stress is triangular facets in this part of the study anticline. Based on folding analysis (geometry of axial plane and fold orientation), it is clearly confirmed that the translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest has been formed by basement fault activity as the Nezamabad fault in the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates of the study area.
文摘The Kuh-e Siah anticline is located in the Sarvestan area of the Fars province (186 km to Persian Gulf) and Interior Fars sub basin. This anticline is a fault bend fold and is located in the Sarvestan fault zone with Northwest-Southeast trend. The Sarvestan fault zone has caused main deformation by dextral strike slip activity in southern part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. The main aim of this paper is to determine of fold style elements and folding pattern of the Kuh-e Siah anticline. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In addition, we used some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for prepared some data. Folds, which are close sideways, are neutral and these require special attention. It is remarkable that, in all sections of the Kuh-e Siah anticline, fold type is close and in the middle part of the anticline, fold type is different with other parts. In the middle part, fold type is upright-moderately gently plunging. On the other hand, in northwestern and southeastern parts fold type is similar together. These results maybe show that fold style follow that fold sigmoidal shape that created with two-fault segment of the Sarvestan fault zone in the study area. Therefore, it seems that the Kuh-e Siah anticline has suffered high deformation in the Sarvestan fault zone and this fault zone has created shear zone.
文摘The granitoids-diroretic complex and associated volcanic suits of Malek Siah Kuh (eastern Iran) were examined by RS, XRD, XRF, AAS and ICP-MS methods. The Multispectral data were used for differentiating of lithological units, main alterations, structural trends, and hydrothermally altered minerals. Based on the results of remote sensing, field studies and petrographic data, the complex classified into three main groups: 1) mafic unit (gabbro-basalt), 2) intermediate rocks (diorite-andesite suite) and 3) felsic unit (granitoide rocks). The complex is characterized by high Al2O3 and Sr contents as well as high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, while low in Y and Yb contents. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks indicate that they are similar to adakite like rocks. The complex is high calc-alkaline to shoshonitic nature. The results indicated derivation from similar silicate melt source followed by differentiation and assimilation of crustal rocks. Based on set of petrological and geochemical relations, 3 distinct stages of mineralization process can be recognized. 1) It is differentiation during magma evolution as well as metal enrichment and subsolidus leaching by hot fluids. 2) It occurred by ascending of the gas-rich magma and release of S and As. 3) It was accompanied by hydrothermal activities leading to the generation of sulfidation and associated polymetallic (Cu, Au, Fe) mineralization.
文摘Oil (bituminous) shales source rocks with variable amounts of solid kerogen type II are the conditions for changing the oil that is not provided for them. Each of these shales affected in temperature about 150 to 170 gallons of oil produced. Therefore by reducing hydrocarbon resources, it can be a good energy source for the future. To study the geochemistry of this shale, one section of outcrops in the Kuh-e Kaino (Northern Khozestan) was selected which was located in the central Zagros. Chemical analysis and thin sections were prepared from samples of carbonate shale. These deposits with a thickness of 115 m of the Lower Jurassic formations Neyriz and Sargelo relative age and their relationship are gradual and interfinger. The upper border after an erosional unconformity, Fahliyan Formation of Lower Cretaceous age on them covered. Analysis results show that the percentage of organic matter this shales in Kuh-e Kainois is equivalent to 8.44 percent. The index has gained economic value of metal elements Sr, V, Ba, Ni, and also has economic value. Bituminous materials formed stabilize in shaley source rock of Sargelo formation, but not with continuous deposition on them, as a result of temperature and pressure not increasing and immature kerogen. The causes of this event are as follows: the basin tectonic condition, Stratigraphy position and faults activity in the basin.
