近30 a东昆仑阿牙克库木湖水量变化及其补给关系研究

随着青藏高原气候变暖,高原湖泊数量和面积均表现出显著增加趋势,东昆仑-库木库里盆地湖泊扩张亦十分明显。阿牙克库木湖是库木库里盆地最大盐湖,新疆第三次综合科学考察表明,该湖泊已扩张为新疆最大湖泊。基于科考资料,结合遥感卫星资料,对阿牙克库木湖扩张及其流域冰川、冻土、气温和降水等要素进行分析,探讨湖泊水量及其补给水源的关系。结果表明:(1)1990―2023年,阿牙克库木湖面积从623.03 km^(2)扩张至1141.67 km^(2),2002―2023年湖面水位上升了7.28 m,对应水储量增加了66.64×10^(8)m^(3)。(2)1990―2023年,阿牙克库木湖流域冰川面积减少了16.4 km^(2),体积减少了1.96 km^(3)。截止2023年,流域分布冰川451条,总面积为324.26 km^(2)。(3)2010年青藏高原冻土分布图显示,流域分布多年冻土12395 km^(2),季节冻土10652 km^(2)。(4)水量平衡分析表明,冰川和冻土融水径流分别占阿牙克库木湖总入湖水量的9%和5%,季节冻土和多年冻土区降水径流占比为67%,湖面降水量直接补给占比为19%。总体而言,湖泊的扩张主要是流域降水量增加所致。研究揭示了库木库里盆地地表水文过程,可为当地政府优化水资源配置和管理提供参考。

Structural Architecture and Evolution of Kumkuli Basin, North Tibet

Utilizing the new data of gravity, magnetic, and magnetotelluric survey, we analyzed the characteristics of the three geophysical attribute （gravity, magnetic, and resistivity） interfaces and the deep architecture and structure of Kumkuli basin. The research results can provide basic data for early basin structural study. From coupled basin and mountain system, analysis of the structure, and evolution of Kumkuli basin, we found that there was zoning from north to south and from west to east. Kumkuli basin has three structural architecture layers including metamorphic crystallization basement, fold basement and sedimentary cover. Kumkuli basin can be divided into three structural units, two depressions, and one uplift. Structural evolution of the Kumkuli basin can be divided into five evolution stages, including Kumkuli microcontinent formed in Sinian-Ordovician, suture around Kumkuli basin formed in Eopaleozoic, retroare foreland basin formed in Neopaleozoic, rejuvenated foreland ba-sin developed in Mesozoic, and strike slip and compression basin developed in Cenozoic.