Discovery of the Dagele Eclogite in East Kunlun,Western China and Its Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Ages:New Constrains on the Central Kunlun Suture Zone

Objective Eclogites are important indicators of ancient plate boundaries or paleosuture zones. Despite their great geological significance, very few investigations have been carried out in the Kunlun region. The Central East Kunlun fault zone was believed to be an Early Paleozoic suture zone, but there has been no reliable evidence for this, though studies on ophiolite, granite, and basic granulite indicate that the Early Paleozoic orogeny occurred in the East Kunlun. This work focused on the Dagele eclogites in Central East Kunlun to provide new constraints for the Central East Kunlun suture zone.

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains （A＇nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastem sector of the eastern Kunlun） were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments （from north to south） ： （ 1 ） shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; （2）partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduction-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian; and （3） an island are slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island are volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e, Artinskian-Kungurian （？）. The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian （Artinskian） boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector （Northern Pamirs） the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian. Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable. During the Early Permian the A＇nyernaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian （Kungurian） and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form of a marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A＇nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.

Earthquake Surface Rupture Features and Tectonic Significance of the Tazang Fault in the Eastern Part of the East Kunlun Fault Zone

The East Kunlun fault zone is located in the northern margin of the Bayan Har block. The study of earthquake rupture behavior in the fault zone is of importance for understanding the future seismic risk in northwest Sichuan. A number of geological field investigations, typical micro topography DGPS measurements and sample dating show that the earthquake activity of the East Kunlun fault zone extends to the north boundary of Zoige basin, a segment known as the Luocha segment of Tazang fault. In the satellite image, the segment is seen clearly as gray and yellow strips. The earthquake deformation zone mainly features fault scarp, valleys on the slope, offset gullies and terraces, linear distribution of plants, waterfall, fault spring, fault sag pond, and landslide, collapse and talus associated with surface rupturing. These phenomena are distributed intermittently along the re-existing fault and form a ～50km-long inverse L-shaped deformation zone. Fault activities caused left-lateral offset of gullies and terraces, with horizontal displacement concentrated at 5.5m^6m, 18m～23m, 68m～75m, and 200m～220m, respectively. The recent earthquake occurred between 340±30～500±30BP. The macro epicenter is located 5km～7km northwest of Benduo village, with magnitude of MW7.3～7.4, maximum coseismic displacement of 6m, horizontal displacement 5.5m～6m and vertical displacement 0.2m～0.5m, being in a proportion of 5∶1～10∶1. These phenomena show that the Tazang fault is the causative fault of this earthquake. The fault is a Holocene active fault and was dominated recently by left-lateral movement with a small amount of thrust component under compressive shear stress. This characteristic is similar to the movement in other segments of the East Kunlun fault zone. The results of this study support the "continental escape" model.

Study on rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake using fault-zone trapped waves

The observation of the fault-zone trapped waves was conducted using a seismic line with dense receivers across surface rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake. The fault zone trapped waves were separated from seismograms by numerical filtering and spectral analyzing. The results show that: a) Both explosion and earthquake sources can excite fault-zone trapped waves, as long as they locate in or near the fault zone; b) Most energy of the fault-zone trapped waves concentrates in the fault zone and the amplitudes strongly decay with the distance from observation point to the fault zone; c) Dominant frequencies of the fault-zone trapped waves are related to the width of the fault zone and the velocity of the media in it. The wider the fault zone or the lower the velocity is, the lower the dominant frequencies are; d) For fault zone trapped waves, there exist dispersions; e) Based on the fault zone trapped waves observed in Kunlun Mountain Pass region, the width of the rupture plane is deduced to be about 300 m and is greater than that on the surface.

东昆仑断裂带东段微震检测与构造分析

本文整理了一套包括微震检测、地震去噪、震相拾取和地震定位的构建高精度地震目录数据的处理流程。收集了青海省内东昆仑断裂带东段20个数字地震台站记录的2009−2018年的连续地震数据,并应用该流程进行微震检测、去噪和定位。首先,从台网中心提供的3198个地震事件目录中筛选出1200个信噪比高且震相较为明显的地震事件作为模板事件,利用基于图像处理器加速的模板匹配定位方法(GPU-M&L)进行遗漏地震的检测与识别,然后利用基于神经网络的地震波形去噪方法进行去噪处理,再结合基于深度学习的震相拾取技术和双差定位方法对去噪后的地震事件进行震相拾取和定位。使用GPU-M&L共检测出13318个地震事件,约为台网地震目录事件数量的4.2倍;去噪后得到7514个地震事件,约为台网地震目录事件数量的2.3倍,完备震级从台网目录的ML 1.5降低至ML 0.9。定位后共获得7247个地震事件,精定位结果显示,东昆仑断裂带东段的地震以中小震为主,在空间上呈窄条带状或簇状分布,震源深度的优势分布深度为0~15 km;在101°E附近地震的空间展布发生变化,主要沿阿万仓断裂带向东南展布;在玛沁-玛曲段可能存在地震空区。本研究的微震结果为研究东昆仑断裂带东段地震活动性、发震断层的深部构造等提供了重要的数据基础。

新疆且末县青塔山岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

青塔山岩体位于东昆仑山西部,岩体的形成时代、环境、岩石类型尚存在争议,对于其成岩的物理化学条件和源区特征的研究程度较低。在系统开展岩石学和岩相学研究的基础上,对黑云母、斜长石和角闪石等主要造岩矿物进行了成分分析,厘定其成岩的物理化学条件,进一步约束岩石成因。研究表明:青塔山岩体的岩性为英云闪长岩,脉体岩性为石英闪长岩;岩体中斜长石为中长石和拉长石,黑云母为镁质黑云母,角闪石为镁角闪石,斜长石发育反环带,应为岩浆混合所致;黑云母的结晶温度为684~693℃,结晶压力为(1.86~2.01)×10^(8) Pa,平均值为1.92×10^(8) Pa,对应结晶深度为6.90~7.46 km,平均7.12 km,属于中深成相。岩体形成时氧逸度较低,为-17.34~-17.04。矿物化学特征显示,青塔山岩体中黑云母的物质来源为钙碱性造山岩套,其形成与壳幔混源岩浆有关。研究成果可为研究青塔山地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世岩浆演化历史提供依据。

东昆仑加嗡地区金铜矿地质特征及找矿方向

青海东昆仑是中国一个重要的、极富潜力的金属成矿带,而东昆仑东段是一个以金为主的成矿聚集区。加嗡地区位于东昆仑东段督冷沟以北,从异常检查到调查评价,通过近3年的地质勘查工作,该区北部已圈出6条含金构造蚀变带,6条金矿体,多条金矿化体。通过对该区地质背景、金矿体地质特征总结梳理,综合分析地层、构造、含金构造蚀变带特征,认为金矿体形态、产状、规模受北东向构造控制明显,为构造蚀变岩型金矿;南部已发现铜矿体,结合地物化资料分析研究探讨了找矿方向,为下部工作提出建议。

GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND OROGENY OF EAST KUNLUN TERRAIN ON THE NORTHERN QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

The East Kunlun terrain is located on the northern Qinghai—Tibet plateau, composed of the East Kunlun Mountain and the Qaidam Basin and bounded by the Qilian terrain on the north and Bayanhar—Songpan Ganze terrain on the south. It is regarded as a composite orogenic belt characterized by having developed superimposed ductile tectonic regimes reflecting the collision orogeny during Early Paleozoic and Triassic periods. It has also experienced transformation from ductile to brittle deformation caused by the post orogeny, since Jurassic after the formation of the East Kunlun Mountain and the Qaidam Basin. A Paleozoic subduction complex zone was recently recognized along the north border of the East Kunlun terrain from Da Qaidam to Dulan (Xu,et al, 1 999). It is composed of ophiolite (of Early Paleozoic age?), tectonic melange and very high\|pressure metamorphic rocks with eclogite (\%p\%=2 2GPa, \%t\%=720℃) (Yang,et al.,1998) and garnet\|peridotite (\%p\%=2 5GPa, t =837℃). The Anyemaqin Triassic subduction complex zone trending in NWW\|SEE was developed along the eastern segment of the south border of the East Kunlun terrain. It is mainly composed of ultramafic and mafic rocks, pillow basalt, radiolaria\|bearing clastic rocks, tectonic melange and mylonite. The subduction complex zone contains a series of the southward overthrusting imbricated slices. Instead of this subduction complex zone, a 2 km\|wide sinistral strike\|slip ductile shear zone trending in E\|W was developed along the western segment. On the basis of macroscopic and microscopic studies on a series of structural sections, we divide the East Kunlun Mountain into four tectonic units as follows: (1) North Proterozoic Metamorphic Basement Zone; (2) South Early Paleozoic—Triassic Superimposed Fold Zone; (3) South Triassic Transpression Zone; (4) Anyemaqin Back\|Arc Decollement\|Thrust Zone.

Analysis of Remote Sensing Images of Ground Ruptures Resulting from the Kunlun Mountain Pass Earthquake in 2001

On November 14, 2001, an earthquake measuring a magnitude of 8.1 occurred to the west of the Kunlun Mountain Pass which is near the border between Xinjiang and Qinghai of China. Since its epicenter is located in an area at an elevation of 4900 m where the environment is extremely adverse, field investigation to this event seems very difficult. We have performed interpretation and analysis of the satellite images of ETM, SPOT, Ikonos, and ERS-1/2SAR to reveal the spatial distribution and deformation features of surface ruptures caused by this large earthquake. Our results show that the rupture zone on the ground is 426 km long, and strikes N90-110°E with evident left-lateral thrusting. In spatial extension, it has two distinct sections. One extends from the Bukadaban peak to the Kunlun Mountain Pass, with a total length of 350 km, and trending N95-110°E. Its fracture plane is almost vertical, with clear linear rupture traces and a single structure, and the maximum left-lateral offset is 7.8 m. This section is the main rupture zone caused by the earthquake, which is a re-fracturing along an old fault. The other is the section from Kushuihuan to the Taiyang Lake. It is 26 km long, trending N90-105°E, with the maximum strike-slip displacement being 3 m, and is a newly-generated seismic rupture. In a 50 km-long section between the Taiyang Lake and the Bukadaban peak, no rupture is found on the ground. The eastern and western rupture zones may have resulted from two earthquakes. The macroscopic epicenter is situated at 65 km east of the Hoh Sai Lake. The largest coseismic horizontal offset in the macroscopic epicenter ranges from 7 m to 8 m. Based on the dislocation partition of the whole rupture zone, it is suggested that this rupture zone has experienced a process of many times of intensification and fluctuation, exhibiting a remarkable feature of segmentation.

Ore-forming Conditions and Prospecting in the West Kunlun Area,Xinjiang, China

The West Kunlun ore-forming belt is located between the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern Tarim Basin. It situated between the Paleo-Asian Tectonic Domain and Tethyan Tectonic Domain. It is an important component of the giant tectonic belt in central China (the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Tectonic Belt or the Central Orogenic Belt). Many known ore-forming belts such as the Kunlun-Qilian Qinling ore-forming zone, Sanjiang (or Three river) ore-forming zone, Central Asian ore-forming zone, etc. pass through the West Kunlun area. Three ore-forming zones and seven ore-forming subzones were classified, and eighteen mineralization areas were marked. It is indicated that the West Kunlun area is one of the most favorable region for finding out large and superlarge ore deposits.

Sentinel-1影像约束下的东昆仑断裂带玛沁—玛曲段现今地壳变形特征

东昆仑断裂带是青藏高原北部一条活跃的大型左旋走滑活动断裂,其东段滑动速率呈自西向东递减的特征;东段的玛沁—玛曲段被认为是地震破裂空段,存在发生大震的可能.本文首先处理2014—2021年间覆盖东昆仑断裂带玛沁—玛曲段的Sentinel-1卫星升、降轨影像,获得该区域近7年的视线(Line-of-sight,LOS)向形变速率场;然后,联合GPS速度场解算该区域的三维形变速率场和应变率场;最后,对玛沁—玛曲段的应变率积累、滑动速率和形变模式进行分析.结果表明:(1)该区域地壳变形表现为整体向东运动的特征,LOS向和东西向形变速率在玛沁—玛曲段南北两侧存在明显的梯度,且沿断裂带自西向东逐渐减小;(2)玛沁—玛曲段上的阿尼玛卿山和西贡周断层交汇区附近具有显著的应变率积累,同时这两处距上次地震的离逝时间已非常接近其地震复发间隔,表明这两个区域具有较高的地震危险性;(3)玛沁—玛曲段的滑动速率自阿尼玛卿山向东分别为6.0±0.2 mm·a^(-1)、5.6±0.2 mm·a^(-1)、3.9±0.2 mm·a^(-1)和3.5±0.2 mm·a^(-1),意味着东昆仑断裂带东段的滑动速率在距离断裂带最东端至少300 km处的阿尼玛卿山附近就已经开始缓慢递减;(4)玛沁—玛曲段附近的次级块体表现出顺时针旋转的刚性运动特征,符合书斜构造模型,即青藏高原东北部的侧向挤出产生的区域变形由东昆仑断裂带和周缘次级断裂的左旋走滑及其断裂带最东端的地壳缩短共同吸收调节.

西昆仑玛尔坎苏锰矿带含锰岩系时代厘定及地质意义

西昆仑造山带新近发现的玛尔坎苏碳酸锰成矿带是我国锰矿资源勘查的重大突破。本文在梳理玛尔坎苏碳酸锰成矿带区域地层已有年龄的基础上,对含锰岩系含火山碎屑灰岩、砂质灰岩及凝灰岩夹层中的锆石开展U-Pb测年工作,厘定了含锰岩系的沉积时代,并结合同期区域构造及表生系统演化背景,探讨了玛尔坎苏锰矿带的地质意义。喀拉阿特河组含锰岩系第一岩性段含火山角砾灰岩和第二岩性段砂质灰岩中火山岩岩屑获得锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(322.9±1.8)Ma,第三岩性段凝灰岩夹层最年轻的3颗锆石获得U-Pb谐和年龄为(322.0±5.3)Ma。结合新近发表的碳酸锰矿石Re-Os等时线年龄,可大致将该套含锰岩系的沉积时代限定为晚石炭世(约320 Ma)。喀拉阿特河组含锰岩系地层可能代表晚古生代古特提斯洋北向俯冲背景之下的弧后盆地沉积序列。含锰岩系沉积时恰处于晚古生代冰期之内(340~285 Ma),碳酸锰矿石亦具有类似现代海洋水成铁锰沉积物的(REE+Y)_(PAAS)配分形式,表明原始锰氧化物沉淀速率较慢且与海水呈平衡状态。这可类比全球新元古代与冰期有关的其他沉积碳酸锰矿床的形成过程,即冰川的逐渐消融导致溶解Mn^(2+)以锰氧化物的形式缓慢沉淀。据此推测晚古生代南半球Gondwana大陆发育的动态冰川活动对古特提斯海域Mn元素的地球化学循环产生一定影响。

东昆仑断裂带托索湖段现今形变特征及其与2021玛多地震相互作用

东昆仑断裂带作为孕育强震和协调青藏高原内部构造变形的大型走滑断裂带,其现今震间闭锁情况与运动学特征一直备受关注.前人通过野外地质考察以及传统大地测量技术初步厘定了东昆仑断裂带的长期滑动速率,但受限于观测台站的空间分布,难以得到精细化的东昆仑断裂带托索湖段及其次级断裂的现今运动特征.本文利用覆盖东昆仑断裂带托索湖段2015—2021年Sentinel-1升降轨数据获取了高空间分辨率的沿断层走向震间形变速率场,结合螺位错模型和马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法反演得到了该段断裂现今精细化的震间滑动速率和闭锁状态.研究结果表明,东昆仑断裂带托索湖段处于断层锁定状态,闭锁深度分布在8~29 km区间,断层深部滑动速率分布在6~9 mm·a^(-1)范围内.最后,本文基于库仑应力变换探讨了2021玛多地震与东昆仑断裂带的相互作用,发现东昆仑断裂带震间运动对玛多地震无明显应力加载作用,而玛多地震却促进了东昆仑断裂带花石峡至阿尼玛卿山南缘、玛沁—玛曲段的应力积累,其潜在地震危险性值得关注.

柴达木盆地昆仑山前带下干柴沟组下段储层差异性

昆仑山前带古近系下干柴沟组下段是柴达木盆地油气勘探的重点目的层。受砂岩储层发育程度差异所控制,昆仑山前带不同地区油气富集程度存在差异。为了明确储层的差异性及形成机制,利用岩心、测井及分析化验等资料,对昆仑山前带的切6区、乌南斜坡带、东柴山地区及弯西构造带的储层特征及控制因素进行了分析,认为下干柴沟组下段储层在时空上的差异性明显。昆仑山前带下干柴沟组下段发育以原生粒间孔为主的碎屑岩孔隙型储层,储层砂体成因类型为辫状河三角洲相的平原分流河道、前缘水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂及滨浅湖相的滩坝。沉积相及成岩作用的双重叠加影响导致昆仑山前带储层发育程度存在明显差异。在同等埋深条件下,受沉积微相控制的储层沉积组构差异与砂体规模差异是储层物性差异的主因,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道储层物性最好,其次为河口坝、平原分流河道,滩坝与席状砂的储层物性较差。在不同埋深条件下,受最大古埋深和古地温梯度等因素影响而形成的差异压实作用是不同区带储层物性差异的主因,切6区和弯西构造带的储层物性最好,乌南斜坡带的储层次之,东柴山地区的储层物性差。

东昆仑造山带不同蛇绿岩带的厘定及其构造意义

在野外填图和室内地球化学研究的基础上，对东昆仑造山带蛇绿岩重新进行了厘定，并对本区构造演化进行了探讨，把东昆仑造山带蛇绿岩划分为４个带，从南到北分别为：阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带、塔妥蛇绿岩带、清水泉蛇绿岩带、乌妥蛇绿岩带．它们在围岩的时代、构造样式及围岩变质程度、地球化学等方面均存在明显差异．

东昆仑山南缘大型转换挤压构造带和斜向俯冲作用

东昆仑地体和巴颜喀拉—松潘甘孜地体之间的会聚边界是一条位于东昆仑南缘的大型转换挤压构造带。研究表明该带的东段(阿尼玛卿段)和西段(东-西大滩段)构造特征不同,阿尼玛卿段的构造以印支期具往南西造山极性的逆冲叠覆岩片和新生代脆性左行走滑构造为特征,东-西大滩段是由220Ma形成的EW向韧性左行走滑剪切带及两侧伴生的挤压褶皱断裂带组成,韧性变形持续至20Ma,之后表现为脆性左行走滑构造再活动。因此,东昆仑山南缘大型会聚带是一条由东段的“收缩挤压”为主向西段的“转换挤压”逐渐过度的特殊复杂的构造带,它的形成与巴颜喀拉—松潘甘孜地体往NE方向斜向俯冲于东昆仑地体之下有关。

东昆仑中部缝合带清水泉麻粒岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究

东昆仑中部缝合带清水泉一带发育石榴斜长紫苏麻粒岩、紫苏辉石黑云母石榴子石麻粒岩、石榴二辉斜长麻粒岩和石榴单斜辉石麻粒岩，它们与混合岩化黑云母石榴子石变粒岩、黑云母辉石变粒岩、石墨大理岩、含透辉石透闪石大理岩、透辉石大理岩、黑云斜长角闪岩和片麻岩等高级变质岩系以及纯橄岩、辉橄岩、橄长岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩等共同构成蛇绿混杂岩。麻粒岩相变质作用的温压条件为丁=760-880℃，P=830～1200MPa，为高温中高压麻粒岩相变质作用，估算其形成深度为40～45km。麻粒岩相变质作用的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为（507．7±8．3）Ma。清水泉地区蛇绿岩形成于～520Ma，到～508Ma时俯冲至地下40-45km深处而发生中高压麻粒岩相变质作用，然后发生构造折返而剥露至地表。证实了清水泉高级变质岩和基性超基性岩片是形成于早中寒武世的蛇绿混杂岩，标志一个古生代早期的非常重要的板块汇聚边界，这对于进一步研究东昆仑造山带构造演化、乃至中国西部大地构造格局具有非常重要的意义。

东昆仑造山带东段昆中构造混杂岩带左旋斜冲韧性变形特征

东昆中构造混杂岩带是经历了晚元古代、加里东末和晚海西期三次碰撞事件而形成的多旋回复合碰撞缝合带。通过对东昆中构造混杂岩带晚加里东期左旋斜冲韧性剪切变形的几何学、运动学及流变学特征的研究 ,探讨了其形成的构造背景 ,指出该期构造变形是东昆中加里东末碰撞事件的产物。

东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义

东昆仑断裂带作为青藏高原中东部的巴颜喀拉地块北缘边界断裂带,研究其强震破裂行为对于认识断裂带活动性及分析川西北地区未来地震危险性具有重要意义。通过沿断裂发育的大量断错地貌勘查、典型微地貌DGPS测量及样品年代测定,认为东昆仑断裂带向东的强震活动性延伸至若尔盖盆地北侧,即东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂的罗叉段。此段在卫星影像上呈清晰的灰黑色、灰黄色线性条带,地震形变带主要表现为断层陡坎、坡中谷、冲沟和阶地位错、植物异常呈线性分布、跌水、断层泉、断塞塘以及伴随地表错动而出现的滑坡、垮塌和倒石堆。这些破裂现象沿先存断层断续分布,组成长约50km的"L"形地震形变带。断裂活动造成冲沟和阶地左行运动,位错量主要集中在5.5～6.0m、18～23m、68～75m和200～220m范围。最近地震发生在(340±30)～(500±30)BP间,宏观震中位于本多村西北5～7km,震级为MW7.3左右,同震位移最大值为6m,水平位错量为5.5～6.0m,垂直位错量一般为0.2～0.5m,其比例为51～101。对地震形变带中的各种变形遗迹和地震地表破裂特征的研究表明,塔藏断裂是这次地震的发震构造。确定了塔藏断裂为全新世活动断层,近期断层在压剪切作用控制下以左行运动为主,兼有少量逆冲分量,同东昆仑断裂带其他段的活动性质相似,认为东昆仑断裂带延伸至若尔盖盆地北侧,研究结果支持"大陆逃逸"模型。

昆中断裂带南北陆块基底、盖层沉积、岩浆岩对比研究--昆中断裂带构造意义的讨论

本文依据1∶25万区域地质调查成果资料,从昆中断裂带对南北两侧的基底变质岩系(包括变基性火山岩、变泥质岩)、表壳盖层沉积岩系、前寒武纪长英质火成侵入岩以及镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩的沉积建造、岩石类型组合、岩石地球化学及所反映的源岩物性的控制,系统对比讨论了昆中断裂带南北两侧基底陆块特征及昆中断裂带的构造属性。得出以昆中断裂带为界,南北两侧陆块的大陆岩石圈,无论在表壳沉积岩系、中-下地壳和地幔的层性和物性结构及地球化学成分都存在显著差异。从而提出昆仑造山带实际上是个两陆块碰撞复合陆缘造山带。在元古宇以前南北陆块并非属同一古陆块,或者说昆中断裂带为欧亚大陆和冈瓦纳大陆的真正分界或二者的拼合带。