To enable further advanced study of Antarctica, a new station called Kunlun Station has been built by China in the Dome A region of the inland East Antarctic ice sheet. This paper describes the Antarctic station build...To enable further advanced study of Antarctica, a new station called Kunlun Station has been built by China in the Dome A region of the inland East Antarctic ice sheet. This paper describes the Antarctic station building design system that was developed with consideration of factors that may affect Kunlun Station, such as environment and climate, construction work and transport, environmental protection and energy conservation, psychological requirements and functional requirements. The design system included site selection, station planning, external building form, construction work, function and indoor environment, energy conservation, environmental protection, and material strategy. We also describe the experience acquired during the transportation and construction phases of Kunlun Station.展开更多
Several studies have reported the detrimental impacts of hypoxia exposure on sleep.Chinese Kunlun Station(altitude 4087 m)is located at Dome A,the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet and one of the most extreme e...Several studies have reported the detrimental impacts of hypoxia exposure on sleep.Chinese Kunlun Station(altitude 4087 m)is located at Dome A,the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet and one of the most extreme environments on Earth.This study investigated alteration of sleep,breathing and mood status in healthy expeditioners at Kunlun Station at Dome A.The study examined 10 male volunteers of the inland transverse party to Kunlun Station during the 31st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,and valid data from eight volunteers were analyzed.Sleep structure,breathing pattern and mood were monitored using portable polysomnography(PSG)and profile of mood state(POMS)at two time points:(1)at Zhongshan Station(10 m)before departure to Kunlun Station;(2)on nights 12–13 of residence at Kunlun Station.Slow-wave sleep(Stage 3 non-rapid eye movement)was markedly reduced at Kunlun Station(P<0.01).Total sleep time,sleep efficiency and sleep latency showed no significant changes.Total respiratory events(P<0.05),apnea/hypopnea index(AHI)(P<0.05)and hypopnea index(P<0.01)substantially increased at Kunlun Station.The most common respiratory disorder was periodic breathing,occurring almost exclusively during non-rapid eye movement sleep.The oxygen desaturation index increased markedly(P<0.05),while nocturnal oxygen saturation dramatically fell at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Vigor scores decreased at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Expeditioners exhibited reduced slow wave sleep,induced periodic breathing,decreased oxygen saturation and decreased vigor at Kunlun Station.展开更多
The ages and accumulation rates of ice are important boundary conditions for paleoclimatic ice models. Radardetected isochronic layers can be used to date the ice column beneath the ice surface and infer past accumula...The ages and accumulation rates of ice are important boundary conditions for paleoclimatic ice models. Radardetected isochronic layers can be used to date the ice column beneath the ice surface and infer past accumulation rates. A Deep Ice-Core Drilling Project has been carried out at Kunlun station in the Dome A region, East Antarctica. Radio echo sounding data are collected during the 2004/2005 Chinese National Research Expedition and the 2007/2008 Dome Connection East Antarctica project of the Alfred Wegener Institute(Germany). Radar isochronic layers from the dataset were linked to compare a new deep ice core site from Kunlun station and the Vostok ice core site. Ten visible layers, accounting for ~50% ice thickness at the Kunlun station ice core site, were dated based on the Vostok ice core chronology. At 1,640 m depth below surface, an age of ~160,400 yr was determined, corresponding to a bright layer at Kunlun station. These layers provided geometric information on the past surface of the ice sheet around the ice core site through the Wisconsin glacial stage, Eemian interglacial and Marine Isotope Stage6. Based on a simple ice flow model and the age-depth relationship, we concluded that the region around the Kunlun ice core site had lower past accumulation rates, consistent with the present pattern. The age-depth relationship would thus be expected to correlate and constrain the chronology of the deep ice core at Kunlun station in the future.展开更多
This is the second paper of a series devoted to atmospheric optical turbulence Cn^2 observation using a mobile polar atmospheric parameter measurement system. We present the initial results of Cn^2 measurement at Anta...This is the second paper of a series devoted to atmospheric optical turbulence Cn^2 observation using a mobile polar atmospheric parameter measurement system. We present the initial results of Cn^2 measurement at Antarctic Taishan Station using micro-thermal sensors and a three-dimensional sonic anemometer at height -2.0 m above the snow surface. The site testing experiments were carried out during the 30th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CH1NARE）. We collected about 1 000 h of data between 30 December 2013 and 10 February 2014. The C,： curve exhibits clear daily structures, with two peaks around midnight and midday and two troughs around 7：30 and 17：00 local time （UTC＋5）. The mean C,2 is 2.7×10^-15 m^-2/3 and the 25th and 75th percentiles of the C,2 cumulative distribution are 9.6×10^-16 m^-2/3 and 6.2×10^-15 m^-2/3, respectively. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and air pressure are also presented.展开更多
It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chi...It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980 s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering.展开更多
基金the Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University that supported
文摘To enable further advanced study of Antarctica, a new station called Kunlun Station has been built by China in the Dome A region of the inland East Antarctic ice sheet. This paper describes the Antarctic station building design system that was developed with consideration of factors that may affect Kunlun Station, such as environment and climate, construction work and transport, environmental protection and energy conservation, psychological requirements and functional requirements. The design system included site selection, station planning, external building form, construction work, function and indoor environment, energy conservation, environmental protection, and material strategy. We also describe the experience acquired during the transportation and construction phases of Kunlun Station.
基金the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administrationthe Polar Research Institute of China,Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)for their full support+1 种基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant no.,2017-I2M-1-009)the fund of Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Programmes(Grant no.,CHINARE 02-01)。
文摘Several studies have reported the detrimental impacts of hypoxia exposure on sleep.Chinese Kunlun Station(altitude 4087 m)is located at Dome A,the highest point on the Antarctic ice sheet and one of the most extreme environments on Earth.This study investigated alteration of sleep,breathing and mood status in healthy expeditioners at Kunlun Station at Dome A.The study examined 10 male volunteers of the inland transverse party to Kunlun Station during the 31st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,and valid data from eight volunteers were analyzed.Sleep structure,breathing pattern and mood were monitored using portable polysomnography(PSG)and profile of mood state(POMS)at two time points:(1)at Zhongshan Station(10 m)before departure to Kunlun Station;(2)on nights 12–13 of residence at Kunlun Station.Slow-wave sleep(Stage 3 non-rapid eye movement)was markedly reduced at Kunlun Station(P<0.01).Total sleep time,sleep efficiency and sleep latency showed no significant changes.Total respiratory events(P<0.05),apnea/hypopnea index(AHI)(P<0.05)and hypopnea index(P<0.01)substantially increased at Kunlun Station.The most common respiratory disorder was periodic breathing,occurring almost exclusively during non-rapid eye movement sleep.The oxygen desaturation index increased markedly(P<0.05),while nocturnal oxygen saturation dramatically fell at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Vigor scores decreased at Kunlun Station(P<0.05).Expeditioners exhibited reduced slow wave sleep,induced periodic breathing,decreased oxygen saturation and decreased vigor at Kunlun Station.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41876230&41376192)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CBA01804)the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Programs(Grant No.CHINARE2017-04-01)
文摘The ages and accumulation rates of ice are important boundary conditions for paleoclimatic ice models. Radardetected isochronic layers can be used to date the ice column beneath the ice surface and infer past accumulation rates. A Deep Ice-Core Drilling Project has been carried out at Kunlun station in the Dome A region, East Antarctica. Radio echo sounding data are collected during the 2004/2005 Chinese National Research Expedition and the 2007/2008 Dome Connection East Antarctica project of the Alfred Wegener Institute(Germany). Radar isochronic layers from the dataset were linked to compare a new deep ice core site from Kunlun station and the Vostok ice core site. Ten visible layers, accounting for ~50% ice thickness at the Kunlun station ice core site, were dated based on the Vostok ice core chronology. At 1,640 m depth below surface, an age of ~160,400 yr was determined, corresponding to a bright layer at Kunlun station. These layers provided geometric information on the past surface of the ice sheet around the ice core site through the Wisconsin glacial stage, Eemian interglacial and Marine Isotope Stage6. Based on a simple ice flow model and the age-depth relationship, we concluded that the region around the Kunlun ice core site had lower past accumulation rates, consistent with the present pattern. The age-depth relationship would thus be expected to correlate and constrain the chronology of the deep ice core at Kunlun station in the future.
基金supported by the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programs (Grant nos. CHINARE-2013-02-03 and CHINARE-2014-02-03)the Polar Science Innovation Fund for Young Scientists of Polar Research Institute of China (Grant no. CX20130201)+1 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (Grant no. 14ZR1444100)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant no. 2013CB834905)
文摘This is the second paper of a series devoted to atmospheric optical turbulence Cn^2 observation using a mobile polar atmospheric parameter measurement system. We present the initial results of Cn^2 measurement at Antarctic Taishan Station using micro-thermal sensors and a three-dimensional sonic anemometer at height -2.0 m above the snow surface. The site testing experiments were carried out during the 30th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CH1NARE）. We collected about 1 000 h of data between 30 December 2013 and 10 February 2014. The C,： curve exhibits clear daily structures, with two peaks around midnight and midday and two troughs around 7：30 and 17：00 local time （UTC＋5）. The mean C,2 is 2.7×10^-15 m^-2/3 and the 25th and 75th percentiles of the C,2 cumulative distribution are 9.6×10^-16 m^-2/3 and 6.2×10^-15 m^-2/3, respectively. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and air pressure are also presented.
文摘It is more than 30 years since the first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) landed in Antarctica in 1984, representing China’s initiation in polar research. This review briefly summarizes the Chinese Antarctic scientific research and output accomplished over the past 30 years. The developments and progress in Antarctic research and the enhancement of international scientific cooperation achieved through the implementation of the CHINARE program have been remarkable. Since the 1980 s, four permanent Chinese Antarctic research stations have been established successively and 33 CHINAREs have been completed. The research results have been derived from a series of spatiotemporal observations in association with various projects and multidisciplinary studies in the fields of oceanography, glaciology, geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheric science, upper atmospheric physics, Antarctic astronomy, biology and ecology, human medicine, polar environment observation, and polar engineering.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CBA01804 and 2012CB957702)the Chinese Polar Environmental Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs(Grant No.CHINARE-02-02)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41101071)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41376192 and 40906101)the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB957702 and 2013CBA01804)+1 种基金the Foreign Cooperation Support Program of Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, State Oceanic Administration, China (IC201214)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (13ZR1445300)
