Effects of Salt Stress on Root Vitality of Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different salt concentrations on the root vitality of Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze. [Method] Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. After two weeks, root vitality, biomass and other physiological indicators were measured. [Result] Salt stress had significant influences on the growth of roots. Root vitality of Limonium bicolor increased firstly and reduced gradually with the increase of salt concentration. [Conclusion] The results indicate that Limonium bicolor has certain salt tolerance ability at low salt concentrations; under relatively high salt concentrations, Limonium bicolor roots can maintain high vitality; however, with the continuous increase of salt concentration, Limonium bicolor roots are damaged, with decreasing vitality.

Cloning of Syntaxin Gene in Limonium sinense Kuntzet

[Objective] The aim was to clone Syntaxin genes in Limonium sinense Kuntze. [Method] Limonium sinense Kuntze leaves were used as materials and total RNA was extracted and transcribed reversely. Nested primers were designed based on EST sequences at 5’ region of Syntaxin, and cDNA obtained through reverse reaction was taken as the template. Sequences of Syntaxin gene at 3’ region were obtained through two rounds of PCR amplifications. [Result] DNA fragments （1 096 bp） were obtained. For LsSyntaxin, open reading frame （ORF） was 816 bp and the encoded amino acids were 271. The relative molecular weight of Syntaxin was 30 254.3 Da and isoelectric point in theory was 5.55. [Conclusion] Syntaxin genes from Limonium sinense Kuntze were cloned. The research laid foundation for the study on Syntaxin gene function in Limonium sinense Kuntze and salt-secreted process.

Isolation and Structural Identification of Herbicidal Active Substance from Root of Flaveria bident(L.) Kuntze

In order to understand the composition and structure of herbicidal active substance from the root of Flaveria bidentis （L.） Kuntze, the isolation and structural identification were researched in this paper. The crude extract from the root ofF. bidentis （L.） Kuntze was extracted by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and water saturation of n-butyl alcohol, respectively, and the extraction fluid was separated by using the method of TLC, then the main fraction was separated by HPLC, and the structure of the herbicidal active substance was analyzed by LC-MS, elemental analysis and ~H-NMR. The results showed that the petroleum extraction had the strongest herbicidal activity, and the purple blue stripe separated by TLC had the strongest effect on Digitaria sanguinalis. The herbicidal active substance was identified as ct-terthienyl according to the data of LC-MS, elemental analysis and 1H-NMR.

Physiological Foundations of Sustainability <i>Camellia sinensis</i>(L.) O. Kuntze and <i>Corylus pontica</i>C. Koch. in the Conditions of Humid Subtropics of Russia

The study of the water status and activity of catalase in Chinese tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) and hazelnut (Corylus pontica C. Koch.). The indicators, which not only describe the physiological state of plants in the stressful period, but also allow it to identify more adaptive varieties within a given area was determined. Analysis of catalase activity data in Chinese tea and hazelnut revealed the presence of similar patterns: there is a change in enzymatic activity in response to hydrothermal factors. It is established that the stable varieties Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze and Corylus pontica C. Koch. characterized by a more active catalase, which is of particular importance during droughts. The water regime parameters variance scale for Camellia sinensis was developed, which allows differentiating varieties into groups of varying degrees of stability. It is shown that all methods that are used to estimate stability of plant species to extreme environmental conditions are based on several basic principles connected with peculiarities of adaptation mechanisms. The result was a selection of diagnostic indicators proposed for assessing adaptability: the water content of the leaf tissue, water-holding capacity of leaves, and concentration of cellular juice sprouts and activity of catalase.

Induced Mutation for Developing Mutant Rice Lines Tolerant to the Parasitic Weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze

This work aims to screen mutant rice lines tolerant to Striga asiatica.Two rainfed sensitive rice varieties B22 and F154 were used.Plants survival rates of the two parents were significantly lower respectively(9.74a and 11.83a)than those of mutant lines(55.36c to 74.36b);Striga plants emergence/pot were significantly higher for the parents(13.96c and14.89c)compared to the mutants(0.12a to 1.5b);the infection rate of parents(7.37b;7.86b)was higher compared to the mutants(2.27a to 2.74a);fertility rate/plant of parents was lower(20.98%b;22.29%b)but much higher than mutants(72.19%b to 78.35%b);the average panicle number/plant of parents was significantly lower(0.5a;1a)than those of mutants(1.5b to 2.4bc)and the 100 g grain weight of parents are lower(2.35a;2.56a)than those of mutants(3.19b to 3.23b).The culture of those mutant lines may increase rice production and contribute to enhancing food security in Madagascar.

Promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 may contribute to the differential accumulation of floralβ-ionone in fresh tea leaves

The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.

鼠尾藻中褐藻多酚化合物的抑菌活性研究

采用平板生长抑制法对鼠尾藻(SargassumthunbergiiKuntze)中多酚化合物的抑菌活性进行研究。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内试样对除大肠杆菌外的受试菌均有较明显的抑菌活性,抑菌活性的大小与多酚浓度和分子质量密切相关。其中,透析内液对溶藻胶弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)和鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、透析外液对鳗弧菌和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)的抑制效果尤其明显。

不同品种茶树氮素效率差异研究

比较了6个茶树品种的氮素效率差异。结果表明,在4种施氮条件下,生物量增加值、新梢生长量、氮素吸收效率、氮素生理利用效率、氮素经济效率和总的氮素效率存在着显著的品种间差异。氮素效率的两个子性状—吸收效率和生理利用效率对其贡献大小不同,吸收效率是决定不同品种茶树氮素效率差异的主要因素。

缺磷对茶树幼苗养分吸收的影响

每周3次用含0、40、80、160、400、1000μmol/L磷(P)的营养液浇沙培10月龄扦插"黄观音"茶[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]苗17周。随供P浓度的增加,茶树根P含量呈线性增加,但茎和叶P含量呈曲线增加;在所有供P处理中,根P含量最高,其次是叶P含量,茎P含量最低,高供P处理的植株尤为明显。缺P降低茶树根茎叶K含量,但对根茎叶Ca含量影响不大。缺P降低根Mg含量,增加茎的Mg含量,但对叶Mg含量影响较小。不供P叶有稍高的C含量,较低的N含量和较高的C/N比;供P对根和茎C和N含量及C/N比影响较小。总之,缺P不仅影响茶树根茎叶营养元素的含量,也改变其在根茎叶之间的分配。

胸腔镜下R4交感神经链联合R3侧枝切断术治疗原发性手汗症

目的应用前瞻性随机对照研究,比较R4(第4肋骨表面交感神经主干)交感神经链联合R3(第3肋骨表面交感神经主干)侧枝切断术与单纯R4切断术治疗原发性手汗症(PH)的疗效,以及术后代偿性多汗等并发症,探讨旁路纤维(Kuntz束支)在手汗支配中的作用。方法选择连续就诊的重度手汗症患者120例,依据患者就诊先后次序随机分为A组(施行R4联合R3侧枝切断术)60例、B组(施行单纯R4切断术)60例。术前和术后6个月分别评估患者情况。结果术后6个月随访到患者91例(75.8%),其中A组51例,B组40例。术后6个月,A、B两组双手出现中度出汗分别为1例(1.96%)、3例(7.5%),轻度出汗2例(3.9%)、5例(12.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A、B两组代偿性出汗分别为30例(58.82%)、31例(77.5%),两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术(VATS)治疗手汗症安全、有效,患者满意度较高。在单节段R4切断基础上增加R3侧枝的预防性切除,可增加患者术后手掌效果,更接近于生理状态,且不增加代偿性多汗的发生率。

不同外源激素对清远笔架茶愈伤组织诱导的影响

采用清远笔架茶[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]的嫩叶作为外植体,探索不同外源激素种类及浓度对清远笔架茶愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,在培养基1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L中诱导效果最好,诱导率为86.7%,且愈伤组织生长健壮。

NaCl胁迫对中华补血草活性氧清除能力的影响

[目的]探讨NaCl胁迫对中华补血草活性氧清除能力的影响。[方法]用500 mmol/L NaCl对中华补血草进行处理,分别测定叶片渗透势,MDA含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。[结果]MDA含量能维持较低水平,但在处理5 d时达到最高点,而3种抗氧化酶活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,在处理的第5天降至最低,与MDA含量测定结果一致。[结论]补血草在短时间NaCl处理时能依靠抗氧化酶系统及时清除活性氧,减少氧化损伤,维持生长。

优质高产型多茶类兼制新品种三花1951的选育研究

三花1951新品种是从野生四川中小叶茶树[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]群体种中经单株选择、系统选育而成的优良品种。该品种属灌木型、中叶类、特早生,芽头肥壮重实、满披白毫。三花1951生长势强,百芽重超过对照品种福鼎大白茶64.80%,鲜叶产量比对照品种产量高29.28%;茶多酚(20.60%)、咖啡碱(4.28%)、可溶性糖(3.91%)、水浸出物(45.37%)和儿茶素(13.21%)含量均比对照高,仅氨基酸含量(2.80%)比对照低;所制烘青绿茶窨制的茉莉花茶具香气鲜浓持久,滋味甘醇、花香明显等突出特点,感官审评总分和各单项得分均高于对照品种,显示出较好的花茶适制性。三花1951是以香、甜为主要品质特色的高质高产芽型新品种,既适制加工芽型绿茶、芽型白茶、芽型红茶和黑茶,又可将其作为高档茉莉花茶茶坯专用茶树品种推广。

Large_scale Isolation and Purification of R_phycoerythrin from Red Alga Palmaria palmata Using the Expanded Bed Adsorption Method

R-phycoerythrin, a light-harvesting protein in some marine algae, and can be widely used in medicine, was isolated and purified from a red alga, Palmaria palmata (Lannaeus) Kuntze, using the streamline column (expanded bed adsorption) combined with ion-exchange chromatography. Because the crude extract was applied to the column upwardly, the column would not be blocked by polysaccharides usually very abundant in the extract of marine alga, this kind of blockage could hardly lie overcome in ordinary chromatographic column. After applying the crude extract containing 0.5 mol/L (NH4)(2)SO4, (NH4)(2)SO4 solution of different concentrations (0.2 mol/L, 0.1 mol/L and 0.05 mol/L) was used to elute the column downwardly and the eluates were collected and desalted. The desalted eluates were then applied onto all ion-exchange chromatographic column loaded with Q-sepharose for further purification of the R-phycoerythrin. Through these two steps, the purity (OD565/OD280) of the R-phycoerythrin from P. palmata was up to 3.5, more than 3.2, the commonly accepted criterion for purity, and the yield of the purified R-phycoerythrin could reach 0.122 mg/g of frozen P. palmata, much higher than that of phycobiliproteins purified with the previous methods. The result indicated that the cost of R-phycoerythrin will drop down with the method reported in this article.

茶园中以挥发物糖苷为载体的化感作用

以单萜烯醇和芳香族醇为主的挥发性物质在茶树叶片中以糖苷的形式大量积累,并在特定条件下(采摘、组织损伤、昆虫侵食、病菌侵染等)被内源酶水解,释放出挥发性苷元,从而表现出气味、抗虫、抗病等特征。茶树也有可能在外在物理或化学因素的诱导下强化挥发物糖苷的生物合成和积累。

低温胁迫对贵州省云雾贡茶生化指标的影响

对贵州省云雾贡茶[Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. niaowangensis Q.H. Chen]盆栽幼苗进行不同温度处理,测定叶片的细胞质膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、游离脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量的变化,探讨贵州省云雾贡茶对不同低温胁迫的响应特性和耐寒适应能力。结果表明,云雾贡茶各温度处理间POD、CAT、PPO的活性差异不显著(P>0.05),细胞质膜透性、SOD活性、可溶性蛋白质含量差异显著(P<0.05),MDA、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖的含量差异极显著(P<0.01)。各低温处理下,云雾贡茶细胞质膜透性和MDA含量随着胁迫时间的延长呈上升趋势,SOD、POD、CAT、PPO的活性及可溶性蛋白质、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量随着胁迫时间的延长呈先上升后下降趋势,各指标最高值基本都出现在1℃处理后3 d时。随着胁迫时间的延长,抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质对膜系统的保护作用及调节机制超过一定限度,引起贵州省云雾贡茶不可逆的损伤。

低温胁迫下贵州云雾贡茶生长调节剂的变化

以贵州云雾贡茶[Camellia sinensis(L.)Kuntze var.niaowangensis Q.H.Chen]一年生幼苗茶树为试验材料,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定不同低温胁迫下茶树叶片生长调节剂含量的变化,以探讨低温胁迫下茶树生长调节剂变化规律。结果显示,1、4℃处理云雾贡茶IAA、GA含量大部分显著低于对照,ABA含量、ABA/GA明显高于对照;10℃处理ABA、IAA、GA含量大部分显著高于对照,ABA/GA与对照无明显变化。随胁迫时间延长,1、4℃处理ABA、IAA含量随时间变化呈先上升后下降的趋势,GA含量呈下降趋势,ABA/GA呈上升趋势;10℃处理ABA和GA含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,IAA含量呈下降趋势。低温条件下,云雾贡茶能提高ABA类生长抑制物质,降低IAA、GA等生长促进类物质,通过调节植物体内生长调节剂平衡来应对低温胁迫。

信阳市主栽茶树品种春季物候期研究

2010～2012年,对信阳市6个主栽茶树[Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze]品种乌牛早(C.sinensis cv.Wuniuzao)、白毫早(C.sinensis cv.Baihaozao)、平阳特早(C.sinensis cv.Pingyangtezao)、迎霜(C.sinensis cv.Yingshuang)、碧香早(C.sinensis cv.Bixiangzao)、舒茶早(C.sinensis cv.Shuchazao)从鱼叶期到1芽3叶展开期进行了物候调查与分析。结果表明,2011年在茶芽萌发期因茶园干旱造成茶树水分亏缺,使6个主栽品种的物候期比2010年推迟17～35 d;2012年在茶芽萌发期因环境的旬平均温度、≥10℃有效活动积温均降低,使6个主栽品种的物候期比2010年推迟1～11 d,由此可见,气候条件是影响茶树物候期的重要外界因素,在茶芽萌发期出现干旱少雨、旬平均温度及≥10℃有效积温降低的情况下,都会使茶树物候期推迟。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Tea Plants in Yunnan Province Using EST-SSR Markers

In this study, 27 pairs of EST-SSR primers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 100 wild tea plant germplasm re- sources and 22 cultivars, according to the results, a total of 88 polymorphic bands were amplified with 27 pairs of primers; the variation of effective alleles accounted for 69.01% ; a total of 183 genotypes were detected, with a variation range of 4 -11 ; averagely 6.78 genotypes were amplified with each primer pair; Shannon index （I） of 27 primer pairs ranged from 0.32 to I. 35, with an average of 0.88 ; the observed heterozygosity （0.52） was basically consistent with the expected het- erozygosity （0.52） ; the average polymorphism heterozygosity was 0.48, which was very close to 0.50 ; the average Nei＇s index was 0.51, which was higher than 0. 50 ; the average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.52, which was higher than 0.50, indicating high genetic diversity among wild tea germplasm resources in Yuunan Province. According to the clustering results, based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds, 122 materials were clustered into 14 categories. Dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance revealed complex genetic relationships among wild tea germplasm resources in Yunnan Province. This study provided certain reference for subsequent preservation, development and research of wild tea germplasm resources in China.

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii on ADP-induced platelet aggregation

We evaluated the effects of high molecular-weight phlorotannins from Sargassum thunbergii(STP) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism in New Zealand white rabbits and Wistar rats.The inhibition of STP on platelet aggregation was investigated using a turbidimetric method,and the levels of the terminal products of AA metabolism were measured using the corresponding kits for maleic dialdehyde(MDA),thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay,as appropriate.We found that STP could inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation,and the inhibitory ratio was 91.50% at the STP concentration of 4.0 mg/mL.Furthermore,STP markedly affected AA metabolism by decreasing the synthesis of MDA(P<0.01) and increasing the synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1α,thus changing the plasma TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α balance when the platelets were activated(P<0.01).Therefore,STP altered AA metabolism and these findings partly revealed the molecular mechanism by which STP inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation.