Based on the data of SST and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship is analyzed of spring SSTA in the Kuroshio region with summer precipitation in China, summer 500 hPa field and water vapor transport, using the ...Based on the data of SST and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship is analyzed of spring SSTA in the Kuroshio region with summer precipitation in China, summer 500 hPa field and water vapor transport, using the methods of Morlet wave, correlation and composite analysis. The results show that annual and interdecadal change of spring SST in the Kuroshio region is distinct. Spring SST displays a significantly increasing trend and there exist different periodic oscillations in the Kuroshio region, with the 23-year periodic oscillation being the most obvious. Troughs and ridges in the mid- and higher- latitudes turn deeper in high Kuroshio SSTA years. At the same time, the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens and stretches westwards. As a result, the warm / wet air from the west of the subtropical high locates in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China and summer rainfall in the above regions increases accordingly. Composite anomalous water vapor flux fields indicate that the vapor transport from the South China Sea and western Pacific and the vapor from the north converge over the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China, which results in the increase of the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China. On the contrary, the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China decreases correspondingly in low Kuroshio SSTA years.展开更多
By utilizing multiple datasets from various sources available for the last 100 years, the existence for the interdecadal change of the winter sea surface temperature（SST） variability in the Kuroshio Extension（KE） ...By utilizing multiple datasets from various sources available for the last 100 years, the existence for the interdecadal change of the winter sea surface temperature（SST） variability in the Kuroshio Extension（KE） region is investigated. And its linkage with the Aleutian Low（AL） activity changes is also discussed. The results find that the KE SST variability exhibits the significant ~6 a and ~10 a oscillations with obvious interdecadal change. The ~6 a oscillation is mainly detected during 1930–1950, which is largely impacted by the anomalous surface heat flux forcing and Ekman heat transport associated with the AL intensity variation. The ~10 a oscillation is most evident after the 1980s, which is predominantly triggered by the AL north-south shift through the bridge of oceanic Rossby waves.展开更多
Mesoscale coupling between perturbations of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel winds has been extensively studied using available high-resolution satellite observations. However, the climatological i...Mesoscale coupling between perturbations of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel winds has been extensively studied using available high-resolution satellite observations. However, the climatological impacts of mesoscale SST perturbations (SST meso ) on the free atmosphere have not been fully understood. In this study, the rectified eff ect of SSTmeso on local climatological precipitation in the Kuroshio- Oyashio Extension (KOE) region is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model;two runs are performed, one forced by low-resolution SST fields (almost no mesoscale signals) and another by additional high-resolution SSTmeso fields extracted from satellite observations. Climatological precipitation response to SST meso is characterized mainly by enhanced precipitation on the warmer flank of three oceanic SST fronts in this region. The results show that the positive correlation between the 10-m wind speed perturbations and SSTmeso is well captured by the WRF model with a reasonable spatial pattern but relatively weak strength. The addition of SSTmeso improves the climatological precipitation simulated by WRF with a better representation of fine-scale structures compared with satellite observations. A closer examination on the underlying mechanism suggests that while the pressure adjustment mechanism can explain the climatological precipitation enhancement along the fronts and the relatively high contribution of the convective precipitation, other factors such as synoptic events should also be taken into consideration to account for the seasonality of the precipitation response.展开更多
One thousand and forty-nine sea surface isotherm maps during 1990 - 2000 were used to detect the Kuroshio axis off the coast of Japan. The current axis on the surface cannot be identified by just one indicative isothe...One thousand and forty-nine sea surface isotherm maps during 1990 - 2000 were used to detect the Kuroshio axis off the coast of Japan. The current axis on the surface cannot be identified by just one indicative isotherm as is commonly done in deep water, but still there are complicated isotherms indicatives of the Kuroshio axis. Three types of isotherms indicatives of the surface axis of the Kuroshio are identified, which are nesti indicator, warm-tongue-isotherm-indicator, and isotherm-indicator. The ocourrence frequency of NWTI-type is 72%, that of WTII-type is 19.1% and that of Ⅱ-type is 8.9%. The vector-based and raster-based methods were introduced and used to retrieve automatically the Kumshio paths from SST data. The total retrieving percentage is 74% by the three methods, 52.3% by the vector method, 56.8% by one raster method and 49.6% by another raster method. For the NWTI - type, the total retrieving percentage is 91.3% by the three methods, 64.4% by the vector method, 75. 9% by one raster method and 65% by another raster method. Using retrieving results of the Kumshio axis from SST data,the Kuroshio path detour is analyzed during 1990 - 2000.展开更多
The ＂summer prediction barrier＂ （SPB） of SST anomalies （SSTA） over the Kuroshio--Oyashio Extension （KOE） refers to the phenomenon that prediction errors of KOE-SSTA tend to increase rapidly during boreal summe...The ＂summer prediction barrier＂ （SPB） of SST anomalies （SSTA） over the Kuroshio--Oyashio Extension （KOE） refers to the phenomenon that prediction errors of KOE-SSTA tend to increase rapidly during boreal summer, resulting in large prediction uncertainties. The fast error growth associated with the SPB occurs in the mature-to-decaying transition phase, which is usually during the August-September-October （ASO） season, of the KOE-SSTA events to be predicted. Thus, the role of KOE-SSTA evolutionary characteristics in the transition phase in inducing the SPB is explored by performing perfect model predictability experiments in a coupled model, indicating that the SSTA events with larger mature-to-decaying transi- tion rates （Category-l） favor a greater possibility of yielding a more significant SPB than those events with smaller transition rates （Category-2）. The KOE-SSTA events in Category-1 tend to have more significant anomalous Ekman pumping in their transition phase, resulting in larger prediction errors of vertical oceanic temperature advection associated with the SSTA events. Consequently, Category-1 events possess faster error growth and larger prediction errors. In addition, the anomalous Ekman upwelling （downwelling） in the ASO season also causes SSTA cooling （warming）, accelerating the transition rates of warm （cold） KOE-SSTA events. Therefore, the SSTA transition rate and error growth rate are both related with the anomalous Ekman pumping of the SSTA events to be predicted in their transition phase. This may explain why the SSTA events transferring more rapidly from the mature to decaying phase tend to have a greater possibility of yielding a more significant SPB.展开更多
Twenty years of ship-injection temperatures are averaged annually and plotted against longitude in the western tropics of the North Pacific. Centered at 150E at both 20N and 25N is a large-scale longitudinal maximum i...Twenty years of ship-injection temperatures are averaged annually and plotted against longitude in the western tropics of the North Pacific. Centered at 150E at both 20N and 25N is a large-scale longitudinal maximum in sea surface temperature. The simplest in-terpretation of this permanent feature is that a continuous flow of warm surface water out of the south is required to maintain it, since some heat will escape into the atmosphere in transit. It is concluded that the northward flow is the Kuroshio.展开更多
利用NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式数值试验,研究了冬季黑潮延伸体的海温异常增暖对东亚夏季风的影响。结果表明,冬季黑潮延伸体海温异常增暖将导致东亚夏季风增强北推。表征夏季风强度的EASMI(the East Asian Summer Monsoon Index)和LSTD...利用NCAR CAM3全球大气环流模式数值试验,研究了冬季黑潮延伸体的海温异常增暖对东亚夏季风的影响。结果表明,冬季黑潮延伸体海温异常增暖将导致东亚夏季风增强北推。表征夏季风强度的EASMI(the East Asian Summer Monsoon Index)和LSTDI(the Land-Sea Thernal Difference Index)在夏季风爆发后都呈现了明显的增强趋势,且LSTDI对海温异常增暖的响应更为敏感。华北、南海和菲律宾以东的低空西南季风显著增强,副热带西风急流轴以北(南)西风加强(减弱)。日本群岛及周边海域和中国东部长江以南至秦岭一线的降水明显减少;华北、南海、东海、黄海和菲律宾以东的西太平洋上的降水增多。华北是东亚夏季风对黑潮延伸体的海温异常响应最敏感的区域。东亚地区近地面温度表现为一致的增温特征,而30～50°N之间对流层的整体升温导致了海陆热力差异的加大,这是促使东亚夏季风增强的重要原因。中国及周边地区环流和降水异常分布和西北太平洋副热带高压增强北抬有关。展开更多
基金National Planning Project for the Research and Development of Key National FundamentalResearch (2004CB418303)Innovative Project for Training Post Graduates in Jiangsu Province (E30000008098-2)
文摘Based on the data of SST and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the relationship is analyzed of spring SSTA in the Kuroshio region with summer precipitation in China, summer 500 hPa field and water vapor transport, using the methods of Morlet wave, correlation and composite analysis. The results show that annual and interdecadal change of spring SST in the Kuroshio region is distinct. Spring SST displays a significantly increasing trend and there exist different periodic oscillations in the Kuroshio region, with the 23-year periodic oscillation being the most obvious. Troughs and ridges in the mid- and higher- latitudes turn deeper in high Kuroshio SSTA years. At the same time, the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens and stretches westwards. As a result, the warm / wet air from the west of the subtropical high locates in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China and summer rainfall in the above regions increases accordingly. Composite anomalous water vapor flux fields indicate that the vapor transport from the South China Sea and western Pacific and the vapor from the north converge over the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China, which results in the increase of the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China. On the contrary, the summer rainfall in the mid- and lower- reaches of the Yangtze River and south China decreases correspondingly in low Kuroshio SSTA years.
基金The National Basic Research Program(973 program)of China under contract No.2013CB956203the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41375063
文摘By utilizing multiple datasets from various sources available for the last 100 years, the existence for the interdecadal change of the winter sea surface temperature（SST） variability in the Kuroshio Extension（KE） region is investigated. And its linkage with the Aleutian Low（AL） activity changes is also discussed. The results find that the KE SST variability exhibits the significant ~6 a and ~10 a oscillations with obvious interdecadal change. The ~6 a oscillation is mainly detected during 1930–1950, which is largely impacted by the anomalous surface heat flux forcing and Ekman heat transport associated with the AL intensity variation. The ~10 a oscillation is most evident after the 1980s, which is predominantly triggered by the AL north-south shift through the bridge of oceanic Rossby waves.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC1404102,2017YFC1404100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41490644,41490640)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Project,the Western Pacific Ocean System(No.XDA11010105)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406402)the Taishan Scholarship and the Recruitment Program of Global Experts
文摘Mesoscale coupling between perturbations of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) and lowlevel winds has been extensively studied using available high-resolution satellite observations. However, the climatological impacts of mesoscale SST perturbations (SST meso ) on the free atmosphere have not been fully understood. In this study, the rectified eff ect of SSTmeso on local climatological precipitation in the Kuroshio- Oyashio Extension (KOE) region is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model;two runs are performed, one forced by low-resolution SST fields (almost no mesoscale signals) and another by additional high-resolution SSTmeso fields extracted from satellite observations. Climatological precipitation response to SST meso is characterized mainly by enhanced precipitation on the warmer flank of three oceanic SST fronts in this region. The results show that the positive correlation between the 10-m wind speed perturbations and SSTmeso is well captured by the WRF model with a reasonable spatial pattern but relatively weak strength. The addition of SSTmeso improves the climatological precipitation simulated by WRF with a better representation of fine-scale structures compared with satellite observations. A closer examination on the underlying mechanism suggests that while the pressure adjustment mechanism can explain the climatological precipitation enhancement along the fronts and the relatively high contribution of the convective precipitation, other factors such as synoptic events should also be taken into consideration to account for the seasonality of the precipitation response.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘One thousand and forty-nine sea surface isotherm maps during 1990 - 2000 were used to detect the Kuroshio axis off the coast of Japan. The current axis on the surface cannot be identified by just one indicative isotherm as is commonly done in deep water, but still there are complicated isotherms indicatives of the Kuroshio axis. Three types of isotherms indicatives of the surface axis of the Kuroshio are identified, which are nesti indicator, warm-tongue-isotherm-indicator, and isotherm-indicator. The ocourrence frequency of NWTI-type is 72%, that of WTII-type is 19.1% and that of Ⅱ-type is 8.9%. The vector-based and raster-based methods were introduced and used to retrieve automatically the Kumshio paths from SST data. The total retrieving percentage is 74% by the three methods, 52.3% by the vector method, 56.8% by one raster method and 49.6% by another raster method. For the NWTI - type, the total retrieving percentage is 91.3% by the three methods, 64.4% by the vector method, 75. 9% by one raster method and 65% by another raster method. Using retrieving results of the Kumshio axis from SST data,the Kuroshio path detour is analyzed during 1990 - 2000.
基金jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41376018)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11010303)+2 种基金the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201506013)the Project for Development of Key Techniques in Meteorological Forecasting Operation (YBGJXM201705)the Open Foundation of the LASG/IAP/CAS
文摘The ＂summer prediction barrier＂ （SPB） of SST anomalies （SSTA） over the Kuroshio--Oyashio Extension （KOE） refers to the phenomenon that prediction errors of KOE-SSTA tend to increase rapidly during boreal summer, resulting in large prediction uncertainties. The fast error growth associated with the SPB occurs in the mature-to-decaying transition phase, which is usually during the August-September-October （ASO） season, of the KOE-SSTA events to be predicted. Thus, the role of KOE-SSTA evolutionary characteristics in the transition phase in inducing the SPB is explored by performing perfect model predictability experiments in a coupled model, indicating that the SSTA events with larger mature-to-decaying transi- tion rates （Category-l） favor a greater possibility of yielding a more significant SPB than those events with smaller transition rates （Category-2）. The KOE-SSTA events in Category-1 tend to have more significant anomalous Ekman pumping in their transition phase, resulting in larger prediction errors of vertical oceanic temperature advection associated with the SSTA events. Consequently, Category-1 events possess faster error growth and larger prediction errors. In addition, the anomalous Ekman upwelling （downwelling） in the ASO season also causes SSTA cooling （warming）, accelerating the transition rates of warm （cold） KOE-SSTA events. Therefore, the SSTA transition rate and error growth rate are both related with the anomalous Ekman pumping of the SSTA events to be predicted in their transition phase. This may explain why the SSTA events transferring more rapidly from the mature to decaying phase tend to have a greater possibility of yielding a more significant SPB.
文摘Twenty years of ship-injection temperatures are averaged annually and plotted against longitude in the western tropics of the North Pacific. Centered at 150E at both 20N and 25N is a large-scale longitudinal maximum in sea surface temperature. The simplest in-terpretation of this permanent feature is that a continuous flow of warm surface water out of the south is required to maintain it, since some heat will escape into the atmosphere in transit. It is concluded that the northward flow is the Kuroshio.
