L*系统中由单个原子生成公式的真度分布

以L*系统为背景,针对由单个原子生成的公式,解决了公式的真度分布情况。得到任一单原子生成公式的真度必为0,1/8,2/8,3/8,…7/8,1之一。进而按照真度将由单原子生成的公式集进行了细致地分类,共分9类。

Research on Rice Panicle L-system Model Based on Substructure Algorithm

In order to decrease model complexity of rice panicle for its complicated morphological structure,an interactive L-system based on substructure algorithm was proposed to model rice panicle in this study.Through the analysis of panicle morphology,the geometrical structure models of panicle spikelet,axis and branch were constructed firstly.Based on that,an interactive panicle L-system model was developed by using substructure algorithm to optimize panicle geometrical models with the similar structure.Simulation results showed that the interactive L-system panicle model based on substructure algorithm could fast construct panicle morphological structure in reality.In addition,this method had the well reference value for other plants model research.

Strategies and Principles of Distributed Machine Learning on Big Data

The rise of big data has led to new demands for machine learning （ML） systems to learn complex mod- els, with millions to billions of parameters, that promise adequate capacity to digest massive datasets and offer powerful predictive analytics （such as high-dimensional latent features, intermediate repre- sentations, and decision functions） thereupon. In order to run ML algorithms at such scales, on a distrib- uted cluster with tens to thousands of machines, it is often the case that significant engineering efforts are required-and one might fairly ask whether such engineering truly falls within the domain of ML research. Taking the view that ＂big＂ ML systems can benefit greatly from ML-rooted statistical and algo- rithmic insights-and that ML researchers should therefore not shy away from such systems design-we discuss a series of principles and strategies distilled from our recent efforts on industrial-scale ML solu- tions. These principles and strategies span a continuum from application, to engineering, and to theo- retical research and development of big ML systems and architectures, with the goal of understanding how to make them efficient, generally applicable, and supported with convergence and scaling guaran- tees. They concern four key questions that traditionally receive little attention in ML research： How can an ML program be distributed over a cluster？ How can ML computation be bridged with inter-machine communication？ How can such communication be performed？ What should be communicated between machines？ By exposing underlying statistical and algorithmic characteristics unique to ML programs but not typically seen in traditional computer programs, and by dissecting successful cases to reveal how we have harnessed these principles to design and develop both high-performance distributed ML software as well as general-purpose ML frameworks, we present opportunities for ML researchers and practitioners to further shape and enlarge the area that lies between ML and systems..

Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling of binary and ternary solid–liquid phase equilibrium for the systems formed by L-arabinose,D-xylose and water

Solid–liquid phase equilibrium data for binary(L-arabinose–water) and(D-xylose–water) systems at temperatures from(269.85–298.05) K and ternary(L-arabinose–D-xylose–water) system at temperatures of 273.85 K,278.85 K and 284.45 K were measured at atmospheric pressure.The ternary phase diagrams of the systems were constructed on the base of the measured solubility.Two pure solid phases were formed at given temperatures,including pure L-arabinose and pure D-xylose,which were con firmed and determined by the method of Schreinemakers' wet residue.At the same temperature,the crystallization region of L-arabinose was larger than D-xylose's.The acquired solubility data were then correlated using the NRTL model,Wilson model and Xu model.The calculated solubility with the three models agreed well with the experimental values.

Design and Implementation of a BPEL Profiling System by Aspect-oriented Programming

Business Process Exeention Language （BPEL） is being used in various applications as the standard of workflow. As the requirerments increase to describe application processes in BPEL, BPEL documentt is getting more Complplicated. Therefore it is difficult to describe applications in BPEL with high reliability. In order to write highly reliable BPEL document, it is necessary to check if the document is working correctly in accordance with user＇s intention. But it is difficult to carry out the test since BPEL engine doesn＇t provide a profiling function. In this paper, we suggest a BPEL system with a real-time profiling function. The suggested system consists of an integrated development environment and a BPEL nunning environment. BPEL integrated development environment has a BPEL to Java（B2J） engine, which generates and executes a Java workflow program from a BPEL document, and a converter, which converts Java Weaving XML （JWX） documents to Aspect-oriented programs. The new functions are described in JWX, which is Extensive Markup Lan-guage （XML）-based document. Since aspect-oriented programming technique provides the way to modularize main and supplemental requirements, it guarantees the low degree of coupling between BPEL workflow program and new functions by weaving them. Our approach can be extended to add other functions to provide context-aware services.

Measurement and Correlation on Liquid DifFusion Coefficients of Aqueous L-Threonine Solutions from 298.15K to 328.15 K

The diffusion coefficients of aqueous L-threonine solutions were determined from 298.15 K to 328.15 K by the metallic diaphragm cell method with accuracy, promptness and convenience. Meanwhile, the densities and viscosities of the solutions were also determined and correlated. Based on a semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of some amino acids in their aqueous solutions, a new semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients involving temperature was provided, which is more comprehensive and less experiment dependent compared to the previous model. The fitting results are satisfactory. Compared to a former model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic salts in their aqueous solutions, this model provides significant improvement in correlation of diffusion coefficients with different temperatures avoiding arduous work.

Weighing Leaves based on Physical Measurements and L-system Simulation

In this paper, we revisit foundations of the applications of physical measurement and Lindenmayer system to the modeling of plants. The measurement is proposed to a formal procedure and measuring the mass of leaves on a tree, tailored to branching plant structures with Simpson＇ s rule and Monte Carlo Methods. L-system is possible to visualize mathematical models of biological structures and processes. The formalism is illustrated using theoretical branching systems, and applied to analyze total leaves number as well as total weight of them.

Berry Phases for the L—S Coupled System in a Time—Dependent Magnetic Field

By the unitary transformation method, the instantaneous energy eigenstates of the L-S coupled system in a time-dependent magnetic field, hence the Berry phases, are calculated.

A Maple Package on Symbolic Computation of Conserved Densities for （1＋l）-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Systems

A new algorithm for symbolic computation of polynomial-type conserved densities for nonlinear evolution systems is presented. The algorithm is implemented in Maple. The improved algorithm is more efficient not only in removing the redundant terms of the genera/form of the conserved densities but also in solving the conserved densities with the associated flux synchronously without using Euler operator. Furthermore, the program conslaw.mpl can be used to determine the preferences for a given parameterized nonlinear evolution systems. The code is tested on several well-known nonlinear evolution equations from the soliton theory.

Minimal Enclosing of an MPT (v,λ) in a TS (v+1,μ)

Let MPT ( v,λ ) denote a maximum packing of triples of order v with index λ and TS ( u,λ ) denote a triple system of order u with index λ . In this paper, for v ≥6, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for enclosing an MPT ( v,λ ) in a TS ( v+1,λ+m ) with one extra point and minimal increase in λ .

Acoustic radiation force imaging sonoelastography for noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis

AIM:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging as a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.METHODS:We performed a prospective blind com-parison of ARFI elastography,APRI index and FibroMax in a consecutive series of patients who underwent liver biopsy for CHC in University Hospital Bucharest. His-topathological staging of liver fibrosis according to the METAVIR scoring system served as the reference. A to-tal of 74 patients underwent ARFI elastography,APRI index,FibroMax and successful liver biopsy. RESULTS:The noninvasive tests had a good correlation with the liver biopsy results. The most powerful test in predicting fibrosis was ARFI elastography. The diagnostic accuracy of ARFI elastography,expressedas area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) had a validity of 90.2% (95% CI AUROC = 0.831-0.972,P < 0.001) for the diagnosis of significant f ibrosis (F ≥ 2). ARFI sonoelastography predicted even better F3 or F4 fibrosis (AUROC = 0.993,95% CI = 0.979-1).CONCLUSION:ARFI elastography had very good accuracy for the assessment of liver fibrosis and was superior to other noninvasive methods (APRI Index,FibroMax) for staging liver fibrosis.

Studies on the Molecular Phylogeny of Coleoptera： Curculionidae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidasel Gene

Phylogenetic relationships among 146 species of Coleoptera （Families： Curculionidae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae） were estimated based upon mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 gene sequences. The monophyletic of the polyphaga and Adephaga was not supported in our study using COlgene sequences, as family Carabidae （Adephaga） was grouped with family Staphylidae （Polyphaga） with Staphylinidae paraphyletic. The subfamily Scolytinae is the most common ancestor for the subfamilies： Ceutorhynchinae, Curculioninae and Dryophtborinae and hence the oldest. The subfamily Cryptorhynchinae is the oldest among the five tested Curculionidae families. At the family level, the genetic distances and phylogenetic analysis obtained in this study showed that the family Carabidae was more related to family Staphylinidae than to family Curculionidae with the topology Staphylinida-Carabidae-Curculionidae. The topology was the same when Micromus igorotus from order Neuroptera was used as an outgroup taxon as it was Staphylinida, Carabidae, Curculionidae/Neuroptera. An alternative topology was obtained when Acytolepis puspa from order Lepidoptera was used as an outgroup that was Carabidae, Staphylinida, Curculionidae-Neuroptera/Lepidoptera. where the species of order Neuroptera placed within family Curculionida. According to the estimated genetic distances and to the standard mitochondrial DNA clock estimated at 2.3% MYA, family Curculionidae separated from family Staphylinidae and Carabidae approximately 112 and 115 MYA, respectively.

Talcott Parsons＇ AGIL Schema-based System Identification of Administrative Problems of North-East Vocational Education in Thailand

Talcott Parsons was a great well-known sociologist whose approach was based on system theory. He identified social system into subsystems which were A （Adaptation functions）, G （Goal gratification functions）, I （Integration functions）, and L （Latent pattern maintenance functions）. His approach was based on the concern for the stability or maintenance of social system. The aim of this research is experimentally to identify the social system of north-east vocational education＇s macro administrative problems in Thailand by utilizing AGIL schema. The writer has adopted the symbiosis or maintenance of socials system stance by utilizing this approach. The results of the research were, firstly, the major macro vocational education eight problems （sentences） and 27 sub-problems （sentences） and secondly, the 15 diagrams of above-mentioned problems and sub-problems after utilizing AGIL concepts （In this paper, the writer illustrated seven of them）. The study had been done using both secondary and primary data. The secondary data were collected from the written documents and from the internet concerning the vocational schools. In depth interview data were collected. Some respondents have been interviewed more than once. The total of 69 times in depth interview were collected. The researcher had utilized Japanese Kawakita Jiro Method of processing scattering paper clips from these primary and secondary data. In conclusion, the detail of main findings, system of sentences of the macro problems, some derived diagrams examples （After AGIL schema applying） and also implication from the main findings have been illustrated.

BEHAVIOR AND ACTIVITIES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER ACTIVATION OF L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNELS IN MICE

The distribution of the immediate early gene c-fos expression in the mouse central nervous system after subcutaneous injection of Bay K 8644 was observed immunohistochemically. Half an hour after injection, cfos protein (FOS) was expressed in the piriform cortex, sensorimotor cortex, caudate putamen, thalamic paraventricular nucleus and striate cortex,etc. Intense FOS immunoreactive (FOS-ir) cells were seen during 2 ～ 4 h after injection. The restllts suggested that the distribution of FOS-ir ce1ls after subcutaneous injection of Bay K 8644 was coincldent with that of L-type calcium channels in the different areas of the CNS. After Bay K 8644 injection, mice appeared seizure-like behavior. The percentage of cells double-labelled by FOS and CaBP immunoreactivities in the observed regions was about 60. 2～72. 8% in CaBP-ir cells. It suggested that most CaBP-lr cells may have L-type calcium channels.

Banach Algebra Dynamical Systems

Abstract This paper generalizes the C＊-dynamical system to the Banach algebra dynam- ical system （A, G, α） and define the crossed product A αG of a given Banach algebra dynamical system （A, G,α）. Then the representation of A α G is described when A ad- mits a bounded left approximate identity. In a natural way, the authors define the reduced crossed product A αG and discuss the question when A α G coincides with A αG.

Complex bursting patterns in Van der Pol system with two slowly changing external forcings

This paper investigates the generation of complex bursting patterns in Van der Pol system with two slowly changing external forcings. Complex bursting patterns, including complex periodic bursting and chaotic bursting, are presented for the cases when the two frequencies are commensurate and incommensurate. These complex bursting patterns are novel and have not been reported in previous work. Based on the fast-slow dynamics, the evolution processes of the slow forcing are presented to reveal the dynamical mechanisms undedying the appearance of these complex bursting patterns. With the change of ampli- tudes and frequencies, the slow forcing may visit the spiking and rest areas in different ways, which leads to the generation of different complex bursting patterns.

Global Well-Posedness of the BCL System with Viscosity

The BCL system, a kind of equations governing the motion of the free surface of water waves in R3, is studied. Some results on the global existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to such system with small initial data are obtained.

Development of a RNAi-based release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL) system in Drosophila melanogaster

Since the first report of the release of insects carrying a dominant lethal （RIDL） strategy, RIDL strains have been constructed in species including fruit flies and mosquitoes. However, in many insects, identification of sterile and lethal genes needed to generate a RIDL strain is limited by the lack of molecular and genetic information. Here, we created RIDL strains of Drosophila melanogaster using RNA interference （RNAi） of the Pygopus （Pygo） gene, a key component of the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. In two transgenic lines, XDll and XD15, we verified lethality in the absence of tetracycline, but we were unable to demonstrate sex-specific lethality. We found that male XD15 adults maintained on medium without tetracycline had a longer lifespan than wild type. This RNAibased RIDL strain may therefore offer the advantages of a transgene that promotes the expression of two contrary actions at different life stages： lethality in larvae and prolonged lifespan in adults, actions that could work together to provide prolonged delivery of lethality by the RIDL system. Use of RNAi can facilitate the development and application of RIDL strategies in a wide range of species.

Approximately unital operator systems

The main theme of this paper is to consider a notion of 'approximately unital operator systems' including both C*-algebras and unital operator systems.The goals are to prove a version of the Choi-Effros theorem for these systems,to introduce a functorial process for forming an approximately unital operator systems from a given matrix ordered vector space with a proper approximate order unit,to study second duals of these objects and to prove that a C*-algebra can be characterized as an approximately unital operator system that is also an approximately unital matrix ordered *-algebra.