Relationships between temperature-light meteorological factors and seedcotton biomass per boll at different boll positions

Cotton growth and development are determined and influenced by cultivars, meteorological conditions, and management practices. The objective of this study was to quantify the optimum of temperature-light meteorological factors for seedcotton biomass per boll with respect to boll positions. Field experiments were conducted using two cultivars of Kemian 1 and Sumian 15 with three planting dates of 25 April （mean daily temperature （MDT） was 28.0 and 25.4°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, 25 May （MDT was 22.5 and 21.2°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, and 10 Jun （MDT was 18.7 and 17.9°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, and under three shading levels （crop relative light rates （CRLR） were 100, 80, and 60％） during 2010 and 2011 cotton boll development period （from anthesis to boll open stages）. The main meteorological factors （temperature and light） affected seedcotton biomass per boll differently among different boll positions and cultivars. Mean daily radiation （MDR） affected seedcotton biomass per boll at all boll positions, except fruiting branch 2 （FB2） fruting node 1 （FN1）. However, its influence was less than temperature factors, especially growing degree-days （GDD）. Optimum mean daily maximum temperature （MDTmax） for seedcotton biomass per boll at FB11FN3 was 29.9-32.4°C, and the optimum MDR at aforementioned position was 15.8-17.5 MJ m-2. Definitely, these results can contribute to future cultural practices such as rational cultivars choice and distribution, simplifying field managements and mechanization to acquire more efficient and economical cotton management.

Studies on the Correlations Between Isoflavone Contents in Soybean Seed and the Eco-Physiological Factors

The soybean cultivar Yudou25 was sown at 5 locations of Henan Province on 13 differentdates in 2001 and 2002. The data of isoflavone contents for the 109 samples of soybeanseed and 33 eco-physiological factors including meteorological factors, soil nutritionand altitudes were received and used for statistical analysis. The step-wise regressionwas used to screen the correlated factors, which significantly effected isoflavonecontents. Results showed that 9 eco-physiological factors were highly correlated withisoflavones. Low mean temperature, high diurnal temperature range at seed filling andmaturity, more sunlight hours and low mean temperature at emergence were favorable toisoflavone accumulation. The rainfall at emergence showed a nonlinear relationship withisoflavone content and its optimum value was 75 mm for isoflavone formation. Low diurnaltemperature range at branching, high organic matter and low sulfur content in soil weresuitable for the formation of isoflavones. The isoflavone contents would not be affectedby other eco-physiological factors in this study.

Environmental Factors Influencing Seed Germination Characteristics of Vicious Weed Green Foxtail

[ Objective] The paper was to optimize the optimal conditions for seed germination and seedling emergence of green foxtail [ Setar/a viridis （ L. ） Beauv. ], so as to solve the problem of serious damage caused by green foxtail. [Method] Using the orthogenal test and the LSD method of software SPSS 18.0, with the number of emerged seedlings of green foxtail as the evaluation index, the influencing factors such as pretreatment of green foxtail, earth covering depth, soil temperature and soil moisture content were compared in the test. [Result] These four experimental factors had great impact on seed germination characteristics of green foxtail. The optimal scheme for seedling emergence of green foxtail was as follows： pretreatment of green foxtail for 3 d, earth covering depth 0.5 cm, soil temperature 32 ℃, soil moisture content 15%. The optimum condition was consistent with the actual situation of serious damage of green foxtail （ suffering moderate and heavy rainfall after sowing and before seedling of millet ）. Avoiding sowing millet before moderate and heavy rainfall could effectively control serious damage of green fox＇tail. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical support for effective control against the vicious weed green foxtail.

形状系数对20 L球内铝粉分散特性的影响研究

为研究不同形状系数(SF)的铝粉在20 L球型容器中的分散特征,通过建立描述气流携带粉尘形成两相分散系的非稳态数值模型,包括气体流动和粉尘颗粒运动轨迹方程,开展非稳态数值模拟,分析粉尘SF分别为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0条件下的粉尘空间分布以及球室中心的湍流动能、速度随时间变化。结果表明:球室内气流携带粉尘分散可以分为进粉、扩散、稳定和沉降4个阶段,其分散均匀性和最大速度值随SF的增加而增强;SF越大,即颗粒形状越接近球形,铝粉尘的分散性越好;SF越小,粉尘容易堆积在壁面附近;标称浓度一定时,SF≤0.4,浓度峰值随SF的增加而增加;SF>0.4,浓度峰值随SF的增加而减小;铝粉-空气混合物的湍流动能最大值随SF值的增加而降低;铝粉颗粒的速度峰值随SF值的增加而升高。

掌叶大黄(RheumpalmatumL.)WRKY基因家族鉴定与分析

【目的】本研究为开展WRKY基因功能验证提供基础,进而为大黄药材品质形成的转录调控机制研究提供科学依据。【方法】基于掌叶大黄(R.palmatum L.)的全长转录组数据,通过生物信息学方法鉴定掌叶大黄WRKY基因家族成员,分析其蛋白理化性质、结构域、系统发育关系、蛋白互作,结合转录组数据进行不同组织和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)处理的表达谱分析。【结果】掌叶大黄WRKY基因家族包含53个成员,编码蛋白氨基酸数量为192-748,均为亲水性蛋白,预测定位均在细胞核。掌叶大黄WRKY基因家族与拟南芥WRKY基因家族成员进化树可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3个亚族,其中Ⅱ亚族WRKY占比最高(58.49%)。转录组数据分析显示掌叶大黄WRKY基因家族成员在掌叶大黄根、根茎和叶中差异表达,其中7个基因在根和根茎中表达量较高,12个基因响应MeJA处理呈差异表达,其中10个被MeJA显著诱导,4个候选基因RpWRKY5/6/9/33的qPCR分析与其转录组结果基本一致。蛋白互作网络显示RpWRKY2/16/20/22/23与查尔酮合酶(chalconesynthase,CHS)发生相互作用。【结论】获得53个掌叶大黄WRKY基因、生物信息、组织及响应MeJA的表达特征,其中5个可能与大黄蒽醌类物质的合成有关。

茄子Whirly基因家族鉴定和表达分析

Whirly是一类能与单链DNA分子结合的植物特异转录因子,在细胞核以及细胞器内都起着广泛且复杂的作用。为探究茄子Whirly基因的功能和进化关系,本研究开展了基因家族成员生物信息学鉴定,包括系统进化关系、基因结构、保守基序及启动子中的顺式作用元件,分析了其在不同组织、外源激素处理和逆境胁迫下表达模式。结果表明,茄子Whirly基因家族包含两个家族成员,分别命名为SmWHY1和SmWHY2,它们与番茄中Whirly基因亲缘关系最近。SmWHY1和SmWHY2在不同组织中均能表达,在叶片中SmWHY1的表达水平高于SmWHY2,在其他组织中SmWHY2的表达水平高于SmWHY1。两个基因的表达均受到脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸、低温胁迫和病原菌诱导,但不同处理或基因型响应程度存在差异,在抗绵疫病种质G114中能够保持较高的表达水平。以上结果表明SmWHY1和SmWHY2可能在调控茄子生长发育和逆境响应中具有重要作用。

花生PLT基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

PLT家族是植物特有的一类转录因子,在植物胚胎、干细胞、分生组织及器官生长发育等过程都起着重要作用。本研究利用生物信息学技术在栽培种花生基因组中鉴定到12个PLT家族基因,分布在11条染色体上;AhPLT蛋白大多含有2个保守的AP2结构域,编码439~713个氨基酸,预测定位在细胞核或叶绿体中;AhPLT基因结构复杂,具有多样的短外显子结构,外显子数在5~8个之间,不同家族成员中分布不同的保守基序;AhPLT家族成员启动子区存在生长素、赤霉素和茉莉酸等激素相关的顺式作用元件。qRT-PCR结果显示,AhPLT1-B和AhPLT5-B分别在根中和种子中的表达量最高;两基因对激素IAA、6-BA和GA_(3)有不同的响应,其中AhPLT1-B受6-BA调控上调表达最显著,AhPLT5-B受6-BA、IAA和GA_(3)调控呈先升高后降低的表达模式。本研究为花生PLT基因的生物学功能研究提供了参考。

分缝护栏致空心板梁桥L型裂缝预应力控制方法研究

为提高护栏分缝桥梁的耐久性和承载力,以台金高速公路杨司高架桥预制空心板梁桥为背景,研究通过施加预应力控制因护栏分缝引起L型裂缝的有效性,并针对既有桥梁加固和新建桥梁设计提出通用的有效方法。采用Abaqus软件建立既有桥梁和新建桥梁的有限元模型,研究车道荷载作用产生的应力放大效应;分析预应力筋布置高度和长度对边梁梁底应力的影响及对既有桥梁护栏分缝导致的预应力损失;在此基础上,提出L型裂缝的预应力控制方法。结果表明:边梁应力放大系数随桥梁跨径和护栏高度的增加而增大,其取值范围为[1.42,2.14];预应力筋布置高度越低,边梁跨中梁底应力越大;预应力筋布置长度越短,既有桥梁梁底应力越大,对新建桥梁应力没有影响;分缝护栏对既有桥梁施加预应力产生损失,对新建桥梁不会产生预应力损失;在边梁跨中施加相应的预应力,可有效抵消跨中的应力集中效应,防止主梁跨中产生L型裂缝。

Effects of B[a]P-UVA Co-Exposure on Epigenetic Marks of Isolated Skin Cells and Impact of an Arundo donax L. Extract of These Changes

Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective: Building on a study showing downregulation of several processes upon co-exposure to B[a]P and UVA, we investigated changes induced by epigenetic marks. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts and HaCaT cells were exposed to B[a]P and UVA. After 24 hours, exposed and unexposed cells were compared to assess DNA methylation. Focusing on HaCaT, multiplex assays enabled quantifying histone H3 modifications and evaluating four splicing factors (SRSF1, SRSF3, SFPQ, and SF3B1) by immunohistochemical labeling. The expression of keratinocyte-/fibroblast-relevant genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Finally, the impact of an Arundo donax L. extract added 24 hours before B[a]P-UVA co-exposure was analyzed. Results: Exposure to B[a]P-UVA raised DNA methylation (HaCaT: ×3.6, fibroblasts: ×1.9), an increase prevented by the extract. In HaCaT cells, B[a]P-UVA increases the frequency of S10P (+38%). When exposure was preceded by extract treatment, the frequency of several methylations was impacted. B[a]P-UVA only induced the expression of SRSF1 and SFPQ in HaCaT (+46% and +34%). Treatment with the extract abolished this effect. Co-exposure increases the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β) in HaCaT cells and decreases those of AQP3, KRT15, and SOD2. The extract has little effect on these changes. In primary fibroblasts, exposure to B[a]P-UVA lowered the expression of LOXL2, LUM, and TGFBR2 (−38%, −59%, and −51%, respectively), and the extract did not affect these modifications. Conclusion: Within 24 hours, a single B[a]P-UVA co-exposure changes epigenetic marks of skin cells but has only mild effects on gene expression. An Arundo donax L. extract can prevent part of the epigenetic marks’ changes and could stimulate the expression of some genes in primary fibroblasts.

孕妇超声心动图联合血清TSP-1、Lp-PLA2检测诊断胎儿先天性心脏病效果

目的:探究孕妇超声心动图联合血清血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)检测诊断胎儿先天性心脏病(CHD)效能。方法:选择2022年5月-2023年5月在本院产前检查疑似胎儿心脏异常孕妇157例,根据妊娠结局是否发生CHD分为对照组(n=85)和CHD组(n=72)。采用彩色多普勒超声系统对孕早期胎儿进行心脏检查并记录主动脉血流参数和肺动脉血流参数,检测血清TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平;Pearson相关性分析TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平与血流参数相关性;多因素logistic回归分析胎儿发生CHD的影响因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声心动图联合TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平对胎儿发生CHD的诊断价值。结果:CHD阳性CHD组检出48例、对照组检出3例;与对照组相比,CHD组ESRV、VRI、PVmax/AVmax以及血清TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平升高,PSV、PSV/ESRV、ET、ACT下降;血清TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平与ESRV、VRI、PVmax/AVmax呈正相关,与PSV、PSV/ESRV、ET、DT、ACT呈负相关;TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平升高是胎儿发生CHD的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。超声心动图、血清TSP-1、Lp-PLA2单独诊断胎儿发生CHD的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.816、0.811、0.806,3项联合诊断的AUC为0.950,优于各自单独诊断(均P=0.000),其敏感度84.7%、特异度94,3%。结论:CHD组血清TSP-1、Lp-PLA2水平异常升高,两者与胎儿主动脉血流参数和肺动脉血流参数具有相关性,其水平升高是胎儿发生CHD的独立危险因素,超声心动图联合TSP-1、Lp-PLA2诊断胎儿发生CHD有较高临床价值。

参薯ADP-ribosylation factor(ARF)基因的生物信息学分析

【目的】对参薯等11种植物的ARF基因进行生物信息学分析,为深入研究植物ARF基因的结构与功能分析奠定基础。【方法】对参薯ARF同源序列进行克隆和序列测定,利用生物信息学相关软件对参薯等11种植物的ARF的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列、组成成分、疏水性/亲水性、蛋白质二级和三级结构、信号肽、跨膜结构、导肽进行分析。【结果】参薯ARF基因同源片段大小为1200bp。系统进化分析结果表明,参薯等11种植物的ARF氨基酸序列可分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大类,细分A、B、C、D、E5个亚族,其中参薯ARF1和蒺藜苜蓿组成一个亚族,参薯ARF2和风信子组成一个亚族。参薯ARF的氨基酸序列中存在GTP/Mg2+结合位点和G2、G3保守区域,具有两个相同的效应结构域Switch1和Switch2。参薯ARF蛋白结构以无规则卷曲为主,三级空间结构不稳定。ARF蛋白为疏水性、脂溶性蛋白,无信号肽,存在明显跨膜结构域;ARF导肽无明确定位,预测等级为3级。【结论】参薯ARF蛋白结构的特殊性为其执行物质转运和参与信号转导功能奠定基础。

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin水平与前哨淋巴结转移的关系及意义

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结中八聚体结合转录因子-4(Oct-4)、血管内皮生长因子-D(VEGF-D)、L-选择素(L-selectin)水平与前哨淋巴结转移(SLNM)的关系及意义。方法选取2020年4月—2022年7月收治的147例乳腺癌,根据SLNM情况分为SLNM组67例、无SLNM组80例,比较2组及不同T分期、区域淋巴结分期患者前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析寻找乳腺癌SLNM的危险因素,采用决策曲线分析(DCA)和临床影响曲线(CIC)分析前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin评估SLNM的临床效用和与实际情况的符合度。结果SLNM组前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin水平高于无SLNM组(P<0.01)。随着T分期和区域淋巴结分期升高,前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin水平逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin均是乳腺癌患者SLNM的独立危险因素(P<0.01);绘制DCA曲线显示,前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin评估乳腺癌患者SLNM均有正向的净获益,临床效用排序:Oct-4、L-selectin、VEGF-D,三者联合较单独指标评估的临床获益度均明显升高;绘制CIC显示,阈概率值>0.6时,三者联合评估SLNM与实际情况具有较高的符合率。结论乳腺癌前哨淋巴结中Oct-4、VEGF-D、L-selectin水平与SLNM及肿瘤分期有关,是患者发生SLNM的一个潜在机制,三者联合评估SLNM具有良好的临床获益度,可作为评估乳腺癌患者SLNM的可靠方法。

Effect of physiographic factors on qualitative and quantitative charac-teristics of Cornus mas L. natural stands in Arasbaran forests, Iran

Arasbaran forests are located in East Azerbaijan （northwest Iran）. Increasing of socio-economic problems in this area causes destruction of biodiversity and structure of these forests. Using multipurpose trees such as cornelian cherry （Cornus mas L） to encourage villagers to produce forest by-products is a basic approach for preserving these forests. This species grows naturally in Arasbaran forests and the fruit is annually exploited using traditional harvest methods. This study aims to assess the ecological requirements of cornelian cherry and the important factors affecting its distribution. For this purpose, 40 circular sampling plots （300 m2） on various slope aspects were demarcated for sampling the occurrence of cornelian cherry in forest stands. DBH and crown cover percentage on north aspects were significantly greater than on other aspects and 4.5% of all trees were cornelian cherry in mature forest stands. North aspects had more seed-origin trees （standards） of cornelian cherry than coppiced trees, while west facing aspects had more coppiced than standard trees. This species had the highest regeneration rate in the sapling stage of 0–2.5 cm DBH. Thus, I recommend cultivation and development of cornelian cherry as a multi-purpose tree in the Arasbaran region on degraded forest lands on north and west aspects.

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and neuronal apoptosis in the epileptic rat brain

BACKGROUND：It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a very well known Chinese traditional medicine, can affect immunoregulation, free radical scavenging, and anti-hypoxia responses. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and neuronal apoptosis in rats with pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）-induced epilepsy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cellular and molecular biology experiment with randomized controlled study design was performed at the Central Laboratory of Basic Medical College of Jiamusi University from June to August 2005. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, adult, male, Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups （10 rats per group）： control, epilepsy model, and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. A sub-eclampsia PTZ dose （35 mg/kg） was intraperitoneally injected to induce epilepsy in the latter two groups. Wild Ganoderma lucidum spore powder （30 g/L） was provided by the wild Ganoderma lucidum plant nursery at Jiamusi, China. Immunohistochemical detection and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediate dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） kits were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was intragastrically administered at a dose of 10.0 mL/kg, once a day for 28 days. In the epilepsy and control groups, an equivalent volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunoreactivity for IGF-1 and NF-κB/P65 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL methods. RESULTS： The hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells at high magnification （×400）, compared with the control group. Expression of IGF-1 and NF-κB were higher in the epilepsy group, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. In Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated rats, fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, expression of NF-κB/P65 was lower, and immunoreactivity to IGF-1 increased more distinctly, compared with the epilepsy group. In addition, seizure latency was longer on 17, 21, and 25 days post-PTZ treatment in the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group, compared with the epilepsy group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder down-regulated expression of NF-κB in brain tissues of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy, increased immunoreactivity to IGF-1, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. These results indicated that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has a neuroprotective effect.

<i>Wrinkled</i>1 (WRI1) Homologs, AP2-Type Transcription Factors Involving Master Regulation of Seed Storage Oil Synthesis in Castor Bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i>L.)

Among APETALA2 (AP2)-type plant specific transcription factor family, WRINKLED1 (WRI1), has appeared to be a master gene transcriptionally regulating a set of carbon metabolism- and fatty acid synthesis (FAS)-related genes responsible for seed specific triacylglycerols (TAGs) storage in oil plants. B3 type transcription factors, such as ABI3 and FUS3, are known to be involved in seed development, such as seed storage protein synthesis and maturation. Based on the recent whole genome sequence data of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), putative WRI1 homologs (RcWRI1, RcWRI2) specifically expressed in castor bean seed have been identified by comparing organ specific expression profiles among seed development-related transcription factors, seed storage specific genes (Ricin, RcOleosin) and a set of FAS genes including genes for sucrose synthase (RcSUS2), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (a subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, RcBCCP2) and ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (RcKAS1). Immunoreactive signals with WRI1, FUS3 and ABI5-related polypeptides were also detected in seed specifically, consistent with the expression profiles of seed development-related genes. The WRI1 binding consensus sites, [CnTnG](n)(7)[CG], designated as the AW-box, were found at the promoter region of RcBCCP2 and RcKAS1. Thus, RcWRI1 possibly play a pivotal role in seed specific TAGs storage during seed development by directly activating FAS -related genes.

Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their cadmium uptake and translocation

The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar （LCAC） has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg. kg-1 under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd- accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.

苦苣菜对肺炎小鼠炎症因子及HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的影响

【目的】研究苦苣菜水提物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠肺炎模型中炎症相关因子及炎症信号通路的影响,探究苦苣菜水提物对小鼠肺炎的抗炎作用。【方法】制备苦苣菜水提物,将昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组及苦苣菜水提物低、中、高浓度组,空白组小鼠不做任何处理,模型组小鼠灌胃0.3 mL生理盐水,阳性对照组小鼠灌胃0.3 mL 5 mg/kg地塞米松,苦苣菜水提物低、中、高浓度组小鼠依次灌胃0.3 mL 100、200和400 mg/mL苦苣菜水提物,持续灌胃给药1周后,空白组小鼠腹腔注射0.3 mL生理盐水,其余组小鼠腹腔注射0.3 mL 30 mg/kg LPS诱导建立小鼠肺炎模型。采用ELISA方法检测各组小鼠血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的含量;利用免疫组织化学(IHC)和Western blotting检测各组小鼠肺中炎症信号通路(HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB)蛋白的表达水平。【结果】与空白组相比,模型组小鼠血清中IL-6含量显著上调(P<0.05),IL-10、TGF-β含量有所上调,肺脏中HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的分布及蛋白表达量极显著上调(P<0.01);与模型组相比,苦苣菜水提物处理组小鼠血清中促炎因子IL-6含量有所下调,抗炎因子IL-10含量有所上调,抗炎因子TGF-β含量极显著上调(P<0.01);在肺脏中HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB大量分布在肺泡周围的上皮细胞上,与模型组相比,苦苣菜水提物处理组小鼠肺脏中HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的分布极显著下调(P<0.01),且表现出剂量依赖效应,HMGB1、TLR4蛋白表达量极显著下调(P<0.01),NF-κB蛋白表达量显著或极显著下调(P<0.05;P<0.01)。【结论】苦苣菜水提物能抑制LPS诱导的肺炎小鼠血清中促炎因子IL-6的分泌及肺脏中信号通路HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白的表达,促进小鼠血清中抗炎因子IL-10、TGF-β的分泌,表明苦苣菜水提物具有抗肺炎作用。

Expression pattern and function analyses of the MADS thranscription factor genes in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under phosphorusstarvation condition

supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31201674 and 31371618）;the National Transgenic Major Program, China （2011ZX08008）

Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of TaZFP15, a C_2H_2-Type Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Gene in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Based on sequencing of part clones in a root subtractive cDNA library, an expressed sequence tag （EST） sharing high similarity to a rice C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor （ZFP15） was obtained in wheat. Through bioinformatics approach, the wheat C2H2-type ZFP gene referred to TaZFP15 has been identified and characterized. As a full-length cDNA of 670 bp, TaZFP15 has an open reading frame of 408 bp and encodes a 135-aa polypeptide. TaZFP15 contains two C2H2 zinc finger domains and each one has a conserved motif QALGGH. The typical L-box, generally identified in the C2H2 type transcription factors, has also been found in TaZFP15. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that TaZFP15 shares high similarities with rice ZFP15 （GenBank accession no. AY286473）, maize ZFP （GenBank accession no. NM_001159094） and a subset of other zinc-finger transcription factor genes in plant species. The expression of TaZFP15 was up-regulated by starved-Pi stress, showing a pattern to be gradually elevated along with the progression of the Pi-stress in a 23-h treatment regime. Similarly, the transcripts of TaZFP15 in roots were also induced by nitrogen deficiency, and abiotic stresses of drought and salinity. No responses of TaZFP15 were detected in roots to nutrition deficiencies of P, Zn, and Ca, and the external treatment of abscisic acid （ABA）. TaZFP15 could be specifically amplified in genome A, B, and D, and without variability in the sequences, suggesting that TaZFP15 has multi-copies in the homologous hexaploid species. Transgenic analysis in tobacco revealed that up-regulation of TaZFP15 could significantly improve plant dry mass accumulation via increasing the plant phosphorus acquisition capacity under Pi-deficiency condition. The results suggested that TaZFP15 is involved in mediation of signal transductions of diverse external stresses.

The NAC-like transcription factor Si NAC110 in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.) confers tolerance to drought and high salt stress through an ABA independent signaling pathway

Foxtail millet（Setaria italica（L.）P.Beauv）is a naturally stress tolerant crop.Compared to other gramineous crops,it has relatively stronger drought and lower nutrition stress tolerance traits.To date,the scope of functional genomics research in foxtail millet（S.italic L.）has been quite limited.NAC（NAM,ATAF1/2 and CUC2）-like transcription factors are known to be involved in various biological processes,including abiotic stress responses.In our previous foxtail millet（S.italic L.）RNA seq analysis,we found that the expression of a NAC-like transcription factor,SiNAC110,could be induced by drought stress;additionally,other references have reported that SiNAC110 expression could be induced by abiotic stress.So,we here selected SiNAC110 for further characterization and functional analysis.First,the predicted SiNAC110 protein encoded indicated SiNAC110 has a conserved NAM（no apical meristem）domain between the 11–139 amino acid positions.Phylogenetic analysis then indicated that SiNAC110 belongs to subfamily III of the NAC gene family.Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SiNAC110-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts.Gene expression profiling analysis indicated that expression of SiNAC110 was induced by dehydration,high salinity and other abiotic stresses.Gene functional analysis using SiNAC110 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants indicated that,under drought and high salt stress conditions,the seed germination rate,root length,root surface area,fresh weight,and dry weight of the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines were significantly higher than the wild type（WT）,suggesting that the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines had enhanced tolerance to drought and high salt stresses.However,overexpression of SiN AC110 did not affect the sensitivity of SiNAC110 overexpressed lines to abscisic acid（ABA）treatment.Expression analysis of genes involved in proline synthesis,Na＋/K＋transport,drought responses,and aqueous transport proteins were higher in the SiNAC110overexpressed lines than in the WT,whereas expression of ABA-dependent pathway genes did not change.These results indicated that overexpression of SiNAC110 conferred tolerance to drought and high salt stresses,likely through influencing the regulation of proline biosynthesis,ion homeostasis and osmotic balance.Therefore,SiNAC110 appears to function in the ABA-independent abiotic stress response pathway in plants.