Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the Qinling Mountains

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the Qinling Mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the Qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.

Genetic analysis for geographic isolation comparison of brown bears living in the periphery of the Western Carpathians Mountains with bears living in other areas

Populations of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) differ substantially in size, degree of geographic isolation and level of genetic diversity. Present patterns result from phylogeographic processes and profound human intervention. We assessed the genetic variability of a subpopulation of brown bears near the periphery of their range in the Western Carpathian Mountains and compared their genetic properties with those of bears in the core of the same population and elsewhere. Samples were collected non-invasively in 2007-2008 and2010 in Strázovské Vrchy Protected Landscape Area (PLA) in Slovakia (included in the NATURA 2000 networking programme). Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci (UaMU26, UaMU64, G10B, G1D, G10L, UaMU50 and UaMU51) were amplified using a nested PCR in order to assess the following parameters: variability, allelic combinations, heterozygosity, number of alleles and inbreeding coefficient. Sufficient brown bear DNA for analysis was obtained from 57 out of 140 samples (41%), among which 45 different genotypes were identified. Loci had a mean of 2.71 ± 0.76 alleles. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.59. The inbreeding coefficient was negative for all but one of the analysed loci (2007-2008). In the year 2010 was negative three of seven loci. These results imply that gene flow with other parts of the population has been maintained in the reduced level and the isolation level of bears in the study area was not so low. Nevertheless, the genetic variability of bears in Strázovské Vrchy PLA was lower than that reported from other localities in the Carpathian Mountains. The results are discussed in the context of behavioural ecology and conservation genetics.

Response of Artificial Grassland Carbon Stock to Management in Mountain Region of Southern Ningxia, China

Grassland is a major carbon sink in the terrestrial ecosystem. The dynamics of grassland carbon stock profoundly influence the global carbon cycle. In the published literatures so far, however, there are limited studies on the long-term dynamics and influential factors of grassland carbon stock, including soil organic carbon. In this study, spatial-temporal substitution method was applied to explore the characteristics of Medicago sativa L.(alfalfa) grassland biomass carbon and soil organic carbon density(SOCD) in a loess hilly region with different growing years and management patterns. The results demonstrated that alfalfa was the mono-dominant community during the cutting period(viz. 0–10 year). Community succession began after the abandonment of alfalfa grassland and then the important value of alfalfa in the community declined. The artificial alfalfa community abandoned for 30 years was replaced by the S. bungeana community. Accordingly, the biomass carbon density of the clipped alfalfa showed a significant increase over the time during 0–10 year. During 0–30 year, the SOCD from 0–100 cm of the soil layer of all 5 management patterns increased over time with a range between 5.300 ± 0.981 kg/m2 and 12.578 ± 0.863 kg/m2. The sloping croplands had the lowest SOCD at 5.300 ± 0.981 kg/m2 which was quite different from the abandoned grasslands growing for 30 years which exhibited the highest SOCD with 12.578 ± 0.863 kg/m2. The ecosystem carbon density of the grassland clipped for 2 years increased 0.1 kg/m2 compared with the sloping cropland, while that of the grassland clipped for 10 years substantially increased to 10.30 ± 1.26 kg/m2. Moreover, the ecosystem carbon density for abandoned grassland became 12.62 ± 0.50 kg/m2 at 30 years. The carbon density of the grassland undisturbed for 10 years was similar to that of the sloping cropland and the grassland clipped for 2 years. Different management patterns imposed great different effects on the accumulation of biomass carbon on artificial grasslands, whereas the ecosystem carbon density of the grassland showed a slight increase from the clipping to abandonment of grassland in general.

Geochronological and geochemical comparison of Precambrian meta-mafic volcanics in Zhongtiaoshan and Lüliangshan Regions in Shanxi, North China Craton

To unravel the geochemical heterogeneity and its origin in different terranes of North China,we conducted geochronological and geochemical analyses of the meta-mafic rocks from the Lüliang–Zhongtiao rift zone(Shanxi Province).LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating yielded mostly End-Neoarchean to Proterozoic ages for the basement rocks(Sushui Complex:2516±26 Ma;Metamafic rocks:2494±31 Ma),Jiangxian Group(~2213 Ma),Zhongtiao Group(2077±29 Ma),Jiehekou Group(1998±23 Ma),and Lüliang Group(2152±52 Ma).Petrographic characteristics show that the meta-mafic rocks from the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic Zhongtiaoshan(Sushui Complex)have similar geochemical characteristics to the overlying Jiangxian and Zhongtiao Groups.The Paleoproterozoic Lüliang andYejishan Group meta-mafic rocks from Lüliangshan also have similar geochemical characteristics but are geochemically different from similar-age rocks from Zhongtiaoshan.This shows that the late-stage rocks have a geochemical inheritance from the early-stage rocks in the same region and that the geochemical heterogeneity of rocks from different areas was originated from the inherited heterogeneity of the magma source.

山西云中山—关帝山地区界河口岩群岩石学特征、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其归属

山西吕梁山地区界河口岩群(后文简称界河口群)主要由一套变质砂泥质岩石组成,含有一定量的条带状大理岩、斜长角闪岩等。利用LA-ICP-MS对位于关帝山西榆皮、娄烦县杜交曲及云中山三角镇地区的含石榴黑云二长花岗片麻岩(12LL05-1)、片状黑云母石英岩(12LL09-2)和含石榴钾长石英岩(12LL15-1)进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得的二长花岗片麻岩(12LL05-1)岩浆结晶年龄为1941±28Ma、片状黑云母石英岩(12LL09-2)碎屑锆石最小的峰值年龄为2519.5±6.7Ma及含石榴钾长石英岩(12LL15-1)碎屑锆石2个峰值年龄2143±15Ma和2599±11Ma。根据岩石组合和同位素测定结果推测,关帝山西榆皮地区的界河口群与界河口—汉高山一带的界河口群可以对比,沉积时代在1.94Ga之前;娄烦县杜交曲一带的界河口群可与五台岩群相对比,属新太古代;云中山三交镇一带的界河口群可与野鸡山群或岚河群相对比。沿岚县—方山—吕梁一线存在一条大型韧性剪切带,倾向NNW-NWW,表现为右行剪切的运动学性质,将吕梁山区近EW向构造带改造为NNE向。

桐柏山L构造岩的构造特征与形成环境探讨

桐柏山太白顶、殷店和天河口一带,发育有大量的L构造岩,拉伸线理极其发育,面理较弱,线理产状向南东东倾伏,倾伏角为1＆#176;～20＆#176;.桐柏山L构造岩具有以下主要特征：在三维空间上,L构造岩强烈发育杆状构造,这种“杆”状构造是由大量沿X轴方向定向排列连在一起的椭球体矿物构成的;其变形机制主要为石英的颗粒边界迁移和长石的位错蠕变;形成的平均压力为0.59GPa,平均温度为550℃～600℃,形成于中-高温—中压环境,变质相为高绿片岩相到低角闪岩相,形成深度大致在15～ 20 km,属于中地壳的产物.L构造岩在桐柏山的发现可能反映了桐柏山造山带中桐柏杂岩岩块相对两侧榴辉岩岩片具有近东西向挤出构造的特征.

色季拉山杜鹃花属植物叶片解剖结构特征与抗逆性评价

研究杜鹃花属植物叶片解剖结构的种间差异及其环境响应策略,能够为该属植物的适应性进化研究提供基础资料。以色季拉山5种杜鹃花属植物叶片为研究对象,采用石蜡切片技术,对物种间各解剖结构的差异性和抗逆性进行研究。结果表明,5种杜鹃花属植物叶片均为典型的异面叶,由叶脉、表皮和叶肉三部分组成;叶片厚度(LLT)、上角质层厚度(LUCT)、上表皮厚度(LUET)、栅栏组织厚度(LPMT)、海绵组织厚度(LSMT)与组织结构紧密度(LPMT/LT)种间差异显著(P<0.05);主成分分析结果显示,下表皮厚度(LLET)、LSMT、LPMT/LT、栅海比(LPMT/SMT)和主脉突起度(LMPD)可作为5种杜鹃花属植物叶片解剖结构抗逆性评价的关键指标;5种杜鹃花属植物的抗逆性排序依次为:雪层杜鹃(RNH)>黄杯杜鹃(RWW)>散鳞杜鹃(RBH)>林芝杜鹃(RNR)>雪山杜鹃(RAB)。综上所述,RNH表现出较强的抗逆性,可在杜鹃花品种选育方面加以利用。

HPLC法测定姜黄、郁金、广西莪术中姜黄素的含量

目的 测定不同产地姜黄、郁金、广西莪术中姜黄素的含量。方法 采用超声提取法 ,色谱柱 Supelcosil TML C1 8柱 (5μm ,4 .6 m m× 2 5 0 mm ) ,流动相为甲醇 -异丙醇 - 0 .5 %醋酸溶液 (19∶ 2 5∶ 5 6 ) ,流速 0 .6 m L /m in,测定波长 4 2 0 nm,柱温 35℃。结果 姜黄素在 14～ 5 6 μg范围内线性关系良好 (r=0 .9995 ) ,平均回收率 99.82 % ,RSD为 1.5 7%。结论 本法准确、快速 ,为控制中药原料药姜黄、郁金。

祁连山鸢尾属植物种质资源及开发利用现状调查

为探索祁连山鸢尾属植物种质资源的开发和利用途径,调查其种质资源本底数和利用现状,本调查预先设定线状调查路线调查其种质资源分布和个体形态特征,采用问卷和查阅文献的方法调查其利用现状,通过采集种子播种和天然植株播种及分株繁殖,研究不同种的播种发芽率和移栽成活率。调查发现,祁连山共有鸢尾属植物5种,为锐果鸢尾、甘肃鸢尾、准葛尔鸢尾、白花马蔺和马蔺;5种鸢尾属植物中只有马蔺在园林绿化中经采挖野生植株分株栽培后用作观赏,剩余种均未被开发利用;5种鸢尾属植物在播种后,白花马蔺的发芽率最高,为24%;准葛尔鸢尾的发芽率最低,为8%。除甘肃鸢尾和马蔺外,其它植物的发芽率差异性均达到显著水平(P<0.05);5种鸢尾属植物在分株栽植后,马蔺的成活率最高,为95%,准葛尔鸢尾的成活率最低,为75%。在不同鸢尾属植物中,马蔺与准葛尔鸢尾、白花马蔺间成活率差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)外,与锐果鸢尾、甘肃鸢尾间成活率差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。鉴于马蔺已被用于园林绿化,且分株栽植成活高达95%,建议优先开发利用。

Molecular phylogeny of Solms-laubachia(Brassicaceae) s.l.,based on multiple nuclear and plastid DNA sequences,and its biogeographic implications

The Hengduan Mountains region of south-west China is a noted biodiversity,hotspot, but the geographic origins and historical assembly of its rich endemic flora, including the sky-island species ofSolms-laubachia Muschl. （Brassicaceae）, have been little studied. Previous molecular studies on the phylogeny of Solms-laubachia showed it to be paraphyletic, leading to considerable expansion not only of its taxonomic limits, but also its geographic range, with the inclusion of taxa from outside the Hengduan region. However, these studies provided little resolution of interspecific relationships, preventing inferences about historical biogeography within the clade. In the present study, new sequence data from two nuclear genes （LEAFY and G3pdh） and two chloroplast intergenic spacers （petN-psbM and psbM-trnD） were combined with existing markers to increase phylogenetic signals. Phaeonychium villosum （Maxim.） Al-Shehbaz was found to be nested within Solms-laubachia s.l. In general, phylogenetic relationships appear to be a good predictor of geography, with the Hengduan Mountain endemics embedded in a paraphyletic grade of species from the western Himalayas and central Asia, but they also imply morphological homoplasy, lncongruence was detected between the nuclear and chloroplast gene trees, perhaps resulting from incomplete lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. The crown age ofSolms-laubachia s.l. was estimated to be approximately 1.42-3.68 mya, using Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. Historical biogeographic analysis using a parametric dispersalextinction-cladogenesis model inferred central Asia and the western Himalayas as most probable ancestral range of Solms-laubachia s.l., and estimated higher rates of eastward expansion than westward during the diversification of descendant lineages. In summary, our results suggest that Solms-laubachia s.l. originated during the Pliocene in central Asia, and subsequently migrated eastward into the Hengduan Mountains, colonizing sky-island, alpine scree-slope habitats that may have provided novel ecological opportunity and accelerated speciation, ultimately establishing this region as the present center of diversity of the genus.

几种植物生长调节剂组合对亚热带山地泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre L.)生长影响的初步研究

泥炭藓因具有较高的商业价值而被大量采挖,导致亚热带山地泥炭藓湿地遭到严重破坏,人工种植泥炭藓成为新的可供选择的途径.目前植物生长调节剂对亚热带山地泥炭藓湿地的优势物种—泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre L.)生长影响的研究较少.本研究选择4种植物生长调节剂(IAA、NAA、GA_(3)、6-BA)在不同浓度梯度(0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L、10 mg/L、100 mg/L)进行喷施控制实验,探究不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节剂对泥炭藓生长的影响.结果表明:1)喷施上述4种植物生长调节剂对泥炭藓的生长具有明显的促进作用,在最大程度上,可将泥炭藓生产力提高至172%.2)IAA(100 mg/L)、NAA(1 mg/L)、GA_(3)(10 mg/L)、6-BA(0.1 mg/L)4种处理对泥炭藓生长影响的效果达到最佳,以生物量计:对照(0.18±0.01)g、IAA(0.28±0.03)g、NAA(0.31±0.06)g、GA_(3)(0.31±0.05)g、6-BA(0.24±0.01)g;3)在6个生理指标中,总氮(TN)是影响泥炭藓生产力的最重要因子(生产力Y=-0.029*TN+0.506,(R^(2)=0.413,P<0.001)).当泥炭藓组织TN含量超过6.8 mg/g时,泥炭藓生长受到抑制.本研究对泥炭藓湿地的恢复及泥炭藓种植业的产业化发展具有重要参考.

CIE 1976(L~*a~*b~*)色空间方法在贺兰山东麓产区红葡萄酒颜色评价中的研究与应用

用CIE 1976(L~*a~*b~*)色空间L~*a~*b~*量化分级法对贺兰山东麓产区干红葡萄酒颜色进行了量化分级,颜色可分为L~*1a~*6b~*4、L~*1a~*7b~*4、L~*1a~*13b~*3、L~*1a~*13b~*4、L~*2a~*7b~*4、L~*2a~*7b~*5、L~*2a~*7b~*6、L~*2a~*8b~*6、L~*3a~*7b~*6、L~*3a~*8b~*6、L~*3a~*8b~*7、L~*4a~*8b~*5、L~*4a~*8b~*6、L~*4a~*8b~*7和L~*5a~*8b~*7等15种,葡萄酒色度值L~*在4.0~42.7、a~*在35.48~175.86、b~*为6.93~49.61,在a~*-b~*坐标中显示为红-黄混合色。该方法对所有样品均可量化分级,相比人工目视方法32.2%的分辨率、难以用语言分类而言,有较大优势。对贺兰山东麓产区干红葡萄酒颜色资源进行了量化后的分级和分析比较,验证了CIE 1976(L~*a~*b~*)色空间L~*a~*b~*量化分级法的实用性。

250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂防治武陵山区马铃薯及番茄晚疫病的试验研究

进行250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂防治武陵山区马铃薯及番茄晚疫病的试验研究,结果表明:250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂茎叶处理对马铃薯及番茄晚疫病均有一定的防效,速效性及持效性均显著或极显著优于对照药剂,并对作物安全,防病增产效果突出。

基于网络药理学与分子对接方法探讨红景天防治急性高原病的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学和分子对接方法探究红景天防治急性高原病的作用机制。方法通过TCMID和ETCM数据库检索红景天的化学成分,再经过SwissTarget和STITCH数据库筛选红景天成分作用靶点;通过DisGeNET、Genecards及GEO数据库筛选急性高原病相关靶点;利用STRING数据库获取蛋白质相互作用(Protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络;利用DAVID数据库进行基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)功能富集分析及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析;采用Cytoscape软件构建“药物-成分-靶点-疾病”网络及“成分-靶点-通路”网络;利用Autodock软件进行分子对接研究;采用2018年国际路易斯湖评分系统对患者症状进行评分;使用ELISA试剂盒对患者血清IL6、IL10及HIF1A水平进行测定。结果从红景天中筛选得到31个化学成分和2295个作用靶点,与1083个急性高原病相关靶点取交集,得到125个共同靶点,PPI网络中心主要涉及IL6、VEGFA、CAT、IL10、IL2、HIF1A等关键靶蛋白。KEGG富集分析主要涉及HIF-1信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、VEGF信号通路等相关通路。分子对接验证显示红景天成分槲皮素、山奈酚、没食子酸、咖啡酸、红景天苷与关键靶点IL6、VEGFA、CAT、IL2、HIF1A的结合活性较好。此外,急性高原病患者在服用红景天胶囊后头痛、胃肠道症状、疲乏以及头晕情况明显缓解,症状总评分显著降低;血清中IL6和HIF1A水平显著降低,IL10水平显著升高。结论红景天能够通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的方式,发挥防治急性高原病的作用。

不同施肥策略对阴山北麓旱作燕麦人工草地N_(2)O排放的影响

本研究以内蒙古武川县燕麦(Avena sativa)人工草地为研究对象,采用静态箱法,通过无氮施肥为对照(CK),设置常规施氮(NN),控释施氮(CN)2个施肥处理,研究旱作燕麦人工草地N_(2)O排放规律,探讨N_(2)O排放对不同施肥种类的响应。结果表明:与无氮施肥相比,常规施氮的地上生物量显著提高37.8%,控释施氮的地上生物量显著提高64.5%(P<0.05);与常规施肥相比控释肥氮素利用率显著提升了71.0%(P<0.05);不同施肥处理下,燕麦人工草地生长季的N_(2)O排放通量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,并在苗期和拔节期出现峰值;与无氮施肥相比,常规施氮的N_(2)O排放量(0.85 kg·hm^(-2))显著提高44.1%,控释施氮的单位产量N_(2)O排放量(0.86×10^(-4)g·g^(-1))显著降低37.2%(P<0.05)。本研究发现相较于常规施肥,控释氮肥提高了燕麦产量且降低了N_(2)O的排放。

县级自然保护区土地利用景观格局与固碳功能关系分析——以云南省梁王山为例

【目的】探究土地利用景观格局变化与生态系统碳储存功能的相关性,为维护小尺度区域生态系统服务功能稳定提供参考。【方法】以云南省梁王山县级自然保护区为研究对象,运用景观格局指数评价法、InVEST碳储量评估模型和灰色关联法,探究梁王山2000—2020年土地利用格局与碳储量变化的时空特征及两者的相关性。【结果】(1)20年间,耕地减少量最大,建设用地、林地和草地的面积略有提升,类型转移以林地、草地和耕地之间的相互转换为主,建设用地主要来自林地和草地的转入。(2)景观格局总体趋于复杂化与不规则化,破碎化程度增加,异质性相对减弱。其中,建设用地和草地的景观破碎度明显增加,林地斑块的连通性增加,林地最大斑块指数由23.00上升至23.80。(3)总碳储量有所增加,20年间从227055.48 t上升至227840.14 t。碳储量存在明显的空间差异性,高碳储量区域主要分布在保护区东北部和中部区域。(4)景观蔓延度指数与总碳储量的关联度最高,达0.99。【结论】梁王山自然保护区不同景观格局指数与碳储量的相关性存在差异;林地作为景观的优势斑块,其面积是影响保护区总碳储量值的重要因素。

“西祀金山”与“据岭之要”:十六国时期河西地区族群的山岳信仰与地缘交通

十六国时期,在河西走廊地带,一些政权不断征伐,攻城略地,客观上促进了这一区域交通路线的扩展。五凉时期,尤其是南凉、北凉着力争夺金山及其周边区域,即是一个典型。河西走廊金山位置的考证,与魏晋时期三次张掖瑞石之柳谷有关,或即在今甘肃省张掖市民乐县南古镇柳谷村附近。金山的名称可能与这一地区盛产金、鲜卑冶金传统以及吐鲁番文书所见波斯鍮金在此区域的流通等因素有关。南凉、北凉等政权着力争夺金山,实行“据岭之要”策略,表明了这一地区的重要战略地位;各政权祭祀金山及其周边一些山岳的礼仪传统,也有着不同的历史渊源。

祁连山马先蒿属植物种质资源及开发利用现状调查

为了开发和利用祁连山马先蒿属植物资源,开展了种质资源、开发利用现状调查和人工播种试验。结果表明:祁连山共有马先蒿属植物14种,其中特有种5个,占比35.71%,普通种9个,占比64.29%。在药用、观赏栽培等方面应用前景广阔,但仅有3个种药用,其余11个种还未开发利用。人工播种后不同种发芽率、生长量和生长表现综合评价差异较大,部分种发芽率和生长量较高,在人工引种栽培中可先行先试。

柴达木盆地大浪滩梁ZK05钻孔的磁性地层研究

本文展示了柴达木盆地西北地区大浪滩盆地梁ZK05钻孔上部330m岩芯的最新磁性地层结果。梁ZK05钻孔的磁极性序列记录了4个正极性亚时,分别对应于布容期、Jaramillo、Cobb Mountain和Olduvai。磁极性序列底部未出现Reunion亚时,其年代应小于2128ka,B/M界限深度位于94m。根据钻孔的平均沉积速率,我们推算出钻孔最顶部的年代为111ka,钻孔在330m深度的年代为2046ka。由此可知,钻孔330m以下的卵砾石层沉积的结束年代为2Ma,代表阿尔金山的这次强烈隆升应早于2Ma,与青藏运动B幕相当,其启始时间为2.6Ma,结束时间大致为2Ma。另外,梁ZK05钻孔记录了3次极性漂移事件,位于51~58m、207.5~212m和249~252m,分别对应于Calabrian Ridge2（515~525ka）、Gardar（1465~1485ka）和Gilsa（1567~1575ka）。我们在沈振枢等人（1993）的8个钻孔磁性柱基础上,加上梁ZK05钻孔和ZK02钻孔的磁极性序列,辅以最新的国际标准磁极性年表,建立了柴达木盆地最新的磁性地层年代框架。