The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 culti...The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.展开更多
为探讨中药复方多糖(compound Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides,cCHMPS)对不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡免疫调节作用的影响,采用PCR-SSCP方法将200羽白羽肉鸡按不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型分组,采集不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡的外周血淋...为探讨中药复方多糖(compound Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharides,cCHMPS)对不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡免疫调节作用的影响,采用PCR-SSCP方法将200羽白羽肉鸡按不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型分组,采集不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡的外周血淋巴细胞,分别加入终剂量为100、75、50、0μg/mL的cCHMPS,共培养24h,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测cCHMPS对鸡淋巴细胞NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6mRNA表达量的影响。结果显示:与对照组相比,cCHMPS能显著增强不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡淋巴细胞NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6mRNA的表达量(P<0.05)。并且同一基因型鸡中,当cCHMPS剂量为50μg/mL时,AB、AA基因型鸡淋巴细胞NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6mRNA表达量显著高于其他剂量组(P<0.05);AC基因型鸡淋巴细胞NF-κB、IL-6mRNA的表达量显著高于其他剂量组(P<0.05);AC基因型鸡淋巴细胞TNF-αmRNA的表达量在cCHMPS为100μg/mL时显著高于其他剂量组(P<0.05)。综上所述,cCHMPS能不同程度的促进各MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6mRNA的表达,且不同MHC B-LβⅡ基因型鸡淋巴细胞最适中药复方多糖免疫调节剂量不同。展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31961133030,31870678,32022076)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province(Grant No.1908085J12).
文摘The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.
