Optimization of L-lactic Acid Production of Rhizopus Oryzae Mutant RLC41-6 by Ion Beam Implantation at Low-Energy

In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L（＋）-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae RF3608 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain RLC41-6 was isolated. Under optimal conditions the yield of L（＋）-lactic acid produced in a shake-flask reached 133 g/L - 137 g/L after 36 h cultivation, indicating that the conversion rate based on glucose was as high as 88% - 91% and the productivity was 3.75 g/L.h. It was almost a 115% increase in lactic acid production compared with the original strain RF3608.

Improvement of L(+)-Lactic Acid Production of Rhizopus Oryzae by Low-Energy Ions and Analysis of Its Mechanism

The wild type strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion implantation （15 keV, 7.8×10^14 ～ 2.08 ×10^15 ions/cm^2） to find an industrial strain with a higher L（＋）-lactic acid yield, and two mutants RE3303 and RF9052 were isolated. In order to discuss the mechanism primarily, Lactate Dehydrogenase of Rhizopus oryzae was studied. While the two mutants produced L（＋）-lactic acid by 75% more than the wild strain did, their specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase was found to be higher than that in the wild strain. The optimum temperature of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Rhizopus oryzae RF9052 was higher. Compared to the wild strain, the Michaelis constant （Km） value of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the mutants was Changed. All these changes show that L（＋）-lactic acid production has a correlation with the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase. The low-energy ions, implanted into the strain, may improve the specific activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase by influencing its gene structure and protein structure.

Optimization of L(+)-Lactic Acid Production from Xylose with Rhizopus Oryzae Mutant RLC41-6 Breeding by Low-Energy Ion Implantation

In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L（＋）-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RLC41-6 was obtained. An experimental finding was made in surprise that Rhizopus oryzae mutant RLC41-6 is not only an L（＋）-lactic acid producer from corn starch but also an efficient producer of L（＋）-lactic acid from xylose. Under optimal conditions, the production of L（＋）-lactic acid from 100 g/L xylose reached 77.39 g/L after 144 h fed-batch fermentation, A high mutation rate and a wide mutation spectrum of low-energy ion implantation were observed in the experiment.

Optimization of L(+)-Lactic Acid Fermentation Without Neutralisation of Rhizopus Oryzae Mutant RK02 by Low-Energy Ion Implantation

In order to get an industrial strain which can yield a high concentration of lactic acid for ISPR （in situ product removal）, the original strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was mutated by low-energy ion beam implantation. A mutant RK02 was screened, and the factors such as the substrate concentration, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum size, seed age, aeration and temperature that affect the production of lactic acid were studied in detail. Under optimal con- ditions, the maximum concentration of L（＋）-lactic acid reached 34.85 g/L after 30 h shake-flask cultivation without adding any neutralisation （5% Glucose added）, which was a 146% increase in lactic acid production after ion implantation compared with the original strain. It was also shown that RK02 can be used in ISPR to reduce the number of times of separation.

HPLC法同时测定杠板归不同部位中5种成分的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定杠板归不同部位(茎、叶、根)中5种成分的含量。方法采用Luna?-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为320 nm,柱温为30℃,测定杠板归不同部位中绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、槲皮素的含量。结果绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、槲皮素分别在0.046~4.6μg/mL,0.212~21.2μg/mL,0.055~5.5μg/mL,0.084~8.4μg/mL,0.114~11.4μg/mL范围内质量浓度与峰面积呈线性关系良好(r>0.9990),平均加样回收率为97.65%~102.09%,RSD为1.76%~2.44%。不同部位中5种成分含量差异较大,绿原酸和咖啡酸2个成分在叶中含量高,且远远高于根和茎中的含量;芦丁和阿魏酸主要存在于茎和根中,叶中未检测到;槲皮素在茎中含量最高,叶中次之,根中最低。结论建立的HPLC方法准确可靠、重复性好、专属性强,可用于杠板归不同部位中5个成分含量的同时测定。

湿法热解法制备L-焦谷氨酸的工艺优化研究

采用湿法热解法,以L-谷氨酸为原料,探究L-焦谷氨酸的制备工艺条件。通过单因素和正交试验对反应的条件进行优化,确定了制备L-焦谷氨酸的最佳工艺条件是反应时间4 h、加水量15 g、反应温度150℃,此时所得L-谷氨酸的转化率为97.37%。这种方法是用水作为反应载体,无需催化剂与压力等条件,既节能减排,又产量高,为清洁高效生产L-焦谷氨酸提供了一定的理论指导和实验数据参考。

基于纳米银/聚L-谷氨酸修饰玻碳电极的电化学传感器用于泡菜中亚硝酸钠含量的测定

采用电沉积和电聚合的方式,将纳米银和L-谷氨酸修饰在玻碳电极上,制得纳米银/聚L-谷氨酸修饰玻碳电极(Poly-L-Glu/Nano-Ag/GCE)。以0.2 mol·L^(-1)磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)为支持电解质,以Poly-L-Glu/Nano-Ag/GCE为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂电极为辅助电极,在最佳检测条件下,采用循环伏安法进行测定。结果表明:Poly-L-Glu/Nano-Ag/GCE对亚硝酸钠具有较好的选择性,亚硝酸钠的浓度在4.14×10^(-6)~1.35×10^(-3) mol·L^(-1)内与对应的氧化峰电流的绝对值呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为4.14×10^(-7) mol·L^(-1),并且该电极的制备方法具有较好的重复性。将PolyL-Glu/Nano-Ag/GCE用于泡菜样品中亚硝酸钠的测定,检出量为1.33×10^(-5) mol·L^(-1),加标回收率为98.9%~103%。

复方氨基酸注射液中有关物质N,N′-二乙酰-L-胱氨酸测定

目的:建立测定复方氨基酸注射液中乙酰半胱氨酸有关物质N,N′-二乙酰-L-胱氨酸含量的高效液相色谱法。方法:采用Atlantis dC_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,3μm),以甲酸铵溶液(取甲酸铵315 mg,加水960 mL溶解,摇匀)-乙腈-甲酸(970∶30∶1)为流动相,流速为0.7 mL·min^(-1),检测波长为210 nm。结果:N,N′-二乙酰-L-胱氨酸浓度在2.697~53.94μg·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),检测限和定量限分别为1.4μg·mL^(-1)和4.4μg·mL^(-1),平均回收率为100.2%,RSD为0.5%。结论:经方法学验证,证明本法适用于复方氨基酸注射液中N,N′-二乙酰-L-胱氨酸的含量测定。

构建大肠杆菌合成生物群落利用混合糖同步发酵生产L-乳酸

目的:实现大肠杆菌混合糖发酵产L-乳酸过程中对葡萄糖-木糖的同步利用。方法:以L-乳酸工程菌大肠杆菌JH16(E.coli B,△frdBC△pflB△ackA△adhE,ldhA::ldhL)为出发菌株,通过RED同源重组技术敲除木糖转运及代谢基因xylFGH、xylE和xylA,获得不能利用木糖的菌株大肠杆菌JH16031。以大肠杆菌JH2705(E.coli JH16,△ptsG△mglB)为出发菌株,敲除葡萄糖转运及代谢基因crr、malX和galP,获得不能利用葡萄糖的菌株大肠杆菌JH27071,以构建大肠杆菌合成生物群落。通过摇瓶和5 L发酵罐试验确定该合成生物群落在混合糖发酵时较优的混合接种比例。结果:以60 g/L葡萄糖和40 g/L木糖为碳源进行发酵,当JH16031与JH27071初始接种比为1∶50,初始OD_(600nm)=0.5,混合糖的利用率最高,在84 h内消耗97%的糖,并在96 h内结束发酵。葡萄糖消耗速率为705 mg/(L·h),木糖消耗速率为435 mg/(L·h),L-乳酸产率为951 mg/(L·h),L-乳酸产量达到92 g/L,糖酸转化率为91%。结论:构建大肠杆菌合成生物群落可实现利用混合糖发酵产L-乳酸过程中葡萄糖和木糖的同步利用。研究结果为工业发酵生产中,使用低成本的木质纤维素为原料,降低发酵成本,提高混合糖利用率提供技术支持。

强化厌氧表达dld基因以提高大肠杆菌工程菌发酵产L-乳酸的光学纯度

为去除廉价发酵原料中的D-乳酸从而提高发酵最终产物L-乳酸的光学纯度,该研究通过构建带有不同厌氧诱导启动子(pflBp6、pnirB、pflBp6-pnirB)的D-乳酸脱氢酶基因(dld)的表达质粒,并将其分别转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)HBUT-L,加强其在发酵产L-乳酸的同时消除外源D-乳酸的能力。通过装液量与转速的单因素试验筛选最优的质粒表达条件及菌株,并在无机盐培养基与玉米浆培养基中进行发酵验证。结果表明,在装液量为200 mL/250 mL、转速为150 r/min的条件下,含有启动子pflBp6-pnirB的表达质粒的工程菌株HBUT-L4发酵18 h时D-乳酸脱氢酶活力最高,为81.1 U/g。在此条件下进行无机盐培养基和玉米浆培养基发酵时,工程菌株HBUT-L4相对于出发菌株HBUT-L,D-乳酸消耗速率分别提高250%、217%,L-乳酸的光学纯度分别从96.32%、98.48%提升至99.95%、99.98%。在大肠杆菌工程菌发酵L-乳酸的过程中,带有厌氧诱导启动子pflBp6-pnirB的表达质粒可提高D-乳酸脱氢酶活力,强化菌株消除外源D-乳酸,进而提高L-乳酸的光学纯度的能力,具有重要的工业化应用价值。

L-抗坏血酸联合超声处理对鲜切芋艿贮藏品质的影响

为探究L-抗坏血酸(L-ascorbic acid,AA)联合超声(ultrasound,US)(AS)处理对鲜切芋艿片贮藏品质的影响,本实验以永定六月红芋为材料,采用质量分数为2%的AA溶液浸泡15 min后,进行US(53 kHz、400 W、10 min)处理,测定贮藏期间鲜切芋艿感官品质及褐变相关酶等指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,AS处理可以降低鲜切芋艿的失水率,维持较高的硬度,延缓褐变指数升高,降低细胞膜通透性,抑制丙二醛含量累积,抑制表面微生物繁殖,从而维持鲜切芋艿较高的感官品质;与对照组相比,贮藏期间AS处理组还能维持较高的过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,抑制酚类物质消耗速率,并减缓淀粉、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物等营养物质的流失速率,抑制可溶性醌的积累,延缓风味劣变。上述结果表明,AS处理能够保持鲜切芋艿较好的贮藏品质。

Repeated-Batch and Continuous Production of L-Lactic Acid by Rhizopus oryzae Immobilized in Calcium Alginat Beads:ReactorPerformance and Kinetic Model

Repeated-batch and continuous production of L-lactic acid by immobilized Rhizopusoryzae with calcium alginate entrapment method in a three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactor was stud-ied.The operation conditions were optimized.The productivity based on total reactor volume wasabout 3 times higher than that with free cells in a traditional stirred tank bioreactor.A mathemat-ical model was proposed and the model predictions were in good agreement with the experimentaldat.

Synthesis of the Biomimetic Polymer: Aliphatic Diamine and RGDS Modified Poly(d,l-lactic acid)

A novel poly（d, /-lactic acid） （PDLLA） based biomimetic polymer was synthesized by grafting maleic anhydride, butanediamine and arg-gly-asp-ser （RGDS） peptides onto the backbone of PDLLA, aiming to overcome the acidity and auto-accelerating degradation of PDLLA during degradation and to improve its biospecificity and biocompatibility. The synthetic copolymer was characterized by FTIR, ^13C NMR and amino acid analyzer （AAA）.

炔雌醇月缓释Poloxamer188复合聚L-乳酸电纺纤维的表征

目的考察在聚L-乳酸电纺纤维体系下,Poloxamer188复合量和炔雌醇的载药量对药物包裹和释放行为的影响。方法将炔雌醇、Poloxamer188、聚L-乳酸共同溶解在二氯甲烷中形成均相溶液后静电纺丝,其中Poloxamer188的复合量为聚L-乳酸质量的220%、240%、260%、280%、300%,炔雌醇的载量设为聚L-乳酸质量的5%、10%、15%。扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形态,差示热分析和X-射线衍射考察材料复合状态,高效液相色谱-紫外分光光度法测定释放介质中炔雌醇的含量,绘制释放曲线并拟合。结果所得产品均为微米级直径均匀无珠子结构的纤维。炔雌醇在纤维中复合良好,Poloxamer188在纤维表面有单体存在。炔雌醇在释放全程均为被增溶状态。随着Poloxamer188复合量的增高,药物释放量增加,随着炔雌醇载量的增高,药物释放量减少。Poloxamer188复合量为300%、炔雌醇载量为5%时,药物的百分释放量接近80%,缓释期可达28 d。释放曲线能够被Peppas方程式拟合。结论Poloxamer188复合量为聚L-乳酸的220%~300%时能够得到百分释放量较高的月缓释载炔雌醇电纺纤维。

L-LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION IN A ROTATING-DISC CONTACTOR WITH SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCT SEPARATION BY ION-EXCHANGE

A rotating disk contactor（RDC）was designed to perform L-lactic acid fermentation with afilamentous fungi,Rhizopus oryzae,which was immobilized on the surfaces of the rotating discs.Thebioreactor was operated using repeated-batch method as well as continuous feeding method.Ananionic resin,D354,slightly basic in nature and of high selectivity and capacity was chosen for lacticacid separation.A coupled process of L-lactic acid fermentation and ion-exchange separation wasevaluated experimentally.The results indicated that the pH value of the fermentation broth could bemaintained at about 3-3.5 without any addition of alkali.The conversion ratio of glucose to L-lacticacid was about 0.7 g·g-1 and the fermentation rate reached as high as 62.5 g·h-1·m-2.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-g-poly- (D, L-lactic acid) Copolymer

Biodegradable chitosan-g-poly (D, L-lactic acid) copolymers were prepared via two methods. (1) The lactide was grafted onto hydroxyl groups of chitosan by using macromolecular initiator sodium of trimethylsilyl-chitosan, (2) poly (D,L-lactic acid)(PLA) with low molecular weight can be linked to the amino group by coupling activated PLA to trimethylsilyl-chitosan. Two graft copolymers had hydrophilic-hydrophobic character and can be applied as carriers for drug delivery.

Enhancement of L(+)-Lactic Acid Production of Immobilized Rhizoous Orvzae Imolanted by Ion Beams

Immobilized Rhizopus oryzae culturing may be a solution to the inhibited production of L（＋）-lactic acid in submerged fermentation, which is caused by aggregated mycelia floc. In the present study, a R. oryzae mutant （RL6041） with a 90% conversion rate of glucose into L-lactic acid was obtained by N＋ implantation under the optimized conditions of a beam energy of 15 keV and a dose of 2.6 ×10^15 ions/cm^2. Using polyurethane foam as the immobilization matrix, the optimal L-lactic acid production conditions were determined as 4 mm polyurethane foam, 150 r/min, 50 g/L ～ 80 g/L of initial glucose, 38℃ and pH 6.0. 15-cycle repeated productions of L-lactic acid by immobilized RL6041 were performed under the optimized culturing conditions and over 80% of the glucose was converted into L-lactic acid in 30 hours on average. The results show that immobilized RL6041 is a promising candidate for continuous L-lactic acid production.

一株产L-苹果酸黑曲霉菌株的诱变筛选及发酵培养基优化

为筛选一株产L-苹果酸能力强的黑曲霉菌株,通过紫外诱变与高浓度放线菌酮迭代诱变的方法,将野生型菌株诱变为一株产L-苹果酸能力强的黑曲霉菌株,并对其种子或发酵培养基成分进行优化。结果表明,诱变所得一株产L-苹果酸能力强的黑曲霉CGMCC NO.40550菌株,其摇瓶发酵时种子培养基最适葡萄糖浓度为60 g/L、最适氮源为(NH_4)_2SO_4 4.95 g/L,黑曲霉菌球形成最优转速220 r/min;发酵培养基最适葡萄糖和最适(NH_4)_2SO_4浓度分别为180 g/L和4.95 g/L,Cu SO_4·5H_2O为其生产苹果酸最佳微量元素,最适添加量为0.065 g/L。通过单因素实验的优化,优化后的培养基更有利于L-苹果酸的合成,发酵96 h时L-苹果酸产酸量达到18.15 g/L,显著提高了245%,L-苹果酸占总酸的百分比达到71.69%。本研究为L-苹果酸的工业化生产奠定基础。

2-O-α-D-葡萄糖基-L-抗坏血酸的酶法合成及其应用研究进展

2-O-α-D-葡萄糖基-L-抗坏血酸(2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid,AA-2G)不仅稳定性强且保留了L-抗坏血酸(L-ascorbic acid,L-AA)的大部分生理活性,是L-AA最好的替代品。体外酶法合成AA-2G具有经济、快速、绿色和安全等显著优势,是规模化生产AA-2G的可行方法。该文综述体外酶法合成AA-2G的研究进展,重点梳理环糊精糖基转移酶和蔗糖磷酸化酶合成AA-2G的研究现状,并对AA-2G的功能及应用前景进行讨论和展望。

SURFACE OF GELATIN MODIFIED POLY(L-LACTIC ACID)FILM

In this paper, the surface structure of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) film modified with gelatin was investigated. ThePLLA film specimens were treated directly with aqueous alkali solution to provide their surfaces with carboxyl groups, sothat these functional groups could become the reactive sites for gelatin immobilization. The functional groups of the PLLAfilms were identified by ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra, the changes in surface morphology were observed by usingenvironmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and the hydrophilicity of modified PLLA films was examined bywater contact angle measurement. Experimental results showed that the gelatin was immobilized with water-solublecarbodiimide (EDC) onto the PLLA film's surfaces, and the gelatin content on the polymer surface was related to carboxylicgroup formed in the controlled hydrolysis process. Rough surfaces caused by hydrolysis will predominantly favor the adhesion and growth of cell; and the hydrophilicity of these surfaces after the modification procedure is enhanced.