The Potential Pathway of L-arginine·L-aspartate for Inhibition of Platelet Function

Aim L-Arginine· L-aspartate, a double salt, has been recently reported toinhibit platelet aggregation and thrombosis, but its action mechanism is not clear yet. This studywas conducted to investigate its effect on FITC-PAC-1, an anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa monoclonalantibody binding to activated platelets, and on correlative autacoid levels in plasma or inplatelets in order to explore its potential pathway of inhibiting platelet aggregation andthrombosis. Methods Monoclonal antibody binding to activated platelets was assayed by flowcytometry; NO was assessed by colorimetric method. cAMP, TXB_2 or 6-keto-PGF_(1α) levels wereassessed by radioimmunoassay. Results Gavaged 30 mg·kg^(-1) of L-arginine·L-aspartate increasedboth concentration of NO in plasma and 6-keto-PGF_(1) in incubated supernatant of aortic segment ofrats ex vivo (P < 0.05), but it did not influence cAMP content in platelets and the level of TXB_2or 6-keto-PGF_(1) in plasma of rats, whereas ASA significantly lowered TXB_2 or 6-keto-PGF_(1α) inplasma. Both 100 μmol-L^(-1) of L-arginine ·L-aspartate and ASA inhibited FITC-PAC-1 binding toactivated platelets in vitro. Conclusion The increase in NO and PGI_2 release from endo-thelialcells and consequent inhibition of platelet activation may contribute to the inhibition of plateletaggregation and thrombosis by L-arginine· L-aspartate; whereas arachidonic acid or cAMP metabolicpathway is not closely correlative with the studied effect.

生长育肥猪饲喂n-Methyl-d,L-Aspartate对相关生长激素及脂肪代谢变化的影响

本试验研究了在育肥猪日粮中添加 n-甲基 -d,L-天门冬氨酸 ( n-Methyl-d,L-Aspartate,NMA)对相关生长激素的反应及脂肪代谢变化的影响。将 48头生长育肥猪 (平均初始重 5 6± 0 .3 7kg)随机分到 6个圈里 ,每圈 1 4头 ( 7头阉割母猪 ,7头阉割公猪 ) ,3个圈饲喂对照组日粮(谷物 -豆粕型日粮 ) ,其它 3个圈饲喂对照组日粮加5 0 mg/ kg的 NMA。在试验期内所有的猪都自由采食和饮水 ,试验 44d后 ,从每个处理各取出体重相似的 4头阉割母猪 ,4头阉割公猪 (对照组平均体重为 86.94± 0 .71kg,,添加 NMA试验处理组平均体重 90 .5 5± 1 .5 1 kg)屠宰 ,取肝脏 ,背最长肌 ,皮下脂肪 (第 1 0根肋骨处 ) ,结果表明 ,添加 NMA可以使盲肠中 IGF-I,胰岛素 ,T3 ,T4的水平分别增加 5 0 .68% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,3 8.3 6% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,1 2 3 .3 3 % ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,60 .5 8% ( P<0 .0 3 ) ,肝脏和肌肉中IGF-I的水平分别增加 1 7.83 % ( P<0 .0 3 )和 2 6.0 0 % ( P<0 .0 3 ) ,皮下脂肪分析表明 ,补充 5 0 mg/ kg的 NMA可以使苹果酸脱氢酶 ( MDH)的总活性降低 2 0 .5 4% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶 ( G-6-DPH)的总活性降低1 6.97% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,使 MDH,G-6-DPH各自活性降低3 7.46% ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,3 5 .0 6% ( P<0 .0 1 )

Synthesis,Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Rare Earth (Ce^(3+) ,Pr^(3+) ,Nd^(3+) ,Sm^(3+) ,Er^(3+) ) Complexes with L-Aspartic Acid and o-Phenanthroline

Five novel ternary complexes of rare earth ions with L-Aspartic acid (Asp) and o-phenanthroline (Phen) were synthesized in ethanol aqueous solution. Their compositions were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, Raman, UV-VIS and TG-DTA. The compositions of the complexes were confirmed to be: RE( Asp)3PhenCl3·3H2O (RE: Ce3+ , Pr3+ , Nd3+ , Sm3+ , Er3+ ). The antibacterial activity test shows that all these complexes exhibit excellent antibacterial ability against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial spectrum of the complexes are broad.

Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of dopamine at a carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with nafion-L-aspartic acid composite film

The electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine(DA)was studied by electrochemical approaches at a carbon ionic liquid electrode(CILE)modified with the composite film of nafion and L-aspartic acid(NL-CILE).The CILE was fabricated by replacing non-conductive organic binders with a room-temperature hydrophobic ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate.The composite film of NL was used as matrix to adsorb DA and catalyze the oxidation of DA in phosphate buffer solution(PBS).The electrochemical response of DA was investigated at the NL-CILE,the traditional carbon paste electrode(TCPE),CILE and the nafion modified CILE(N-CILE)in 0.1M PBS(pH 7.4),respectively.The results showed the superiority of NL-CILE to N-CILE,CILE and TCPE in terms of provision of higher sensitivity,faster electron transfer and better reversibility.Under optimum condition,the oxidation peak current was rectilinear with DA concentration range from 0.1μM to 0.1mM,with a detection limit of 0.03μM(S/N=3)by differential pulse voltammetry.The proposed method was applied to determine DA in samples successfully.

Preparation and enantiosorption of L-aspartic acid pillared hydrotalcites

L-aspartic acid （Asp） pillared hydrotalcites were prepared by direct reaction of the L-Asp anion with layered double hydroxides （LDHs）. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis （TG/DTA）. The results show that the initial interlayer carbonate ions can be completely replaced by the L-Asp anion under the controlled conditions. The pillared hydrotalcites have a crystallized supramolecular structure and thermal stability. The L-Asp pillared LDHs were used in the enantiosorption of enantiopure phenylalanine （Pile）, the results suggest that L-Asp pillared LDHs exhibit an excellent enantiosorption capability for D-Phe, and the adsorption isotherm fits Freundlich equation.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Ternary Complex of Nickel(II) with L-Aspartic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthroline

A new ternary complex of nickel(II) with L-aspartate (L-Asp) and 1, 10-phenan- throline(Phen), [Ni3(L-Asp)(Phen)5(H2O)3](ClO4)4?4.75H2O, has been synthesized in a mixed sol- vent of H2OC2H5OH at the pH value of 3. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 11.861(2), b = 18.384(4), c = 19.746(3) ?, α = 107.68(1), β = 105.94(1), γ = 103.41(2)°, V = 3703.6(11) ?3, Mr = 1745.66, Z = 2, Dc =1.565 g/cm3, μ = 0.989 mm-1, F(000) = 1791, R = 0.0643 and wR = 0.1611. The complex contains two cations, binuclear [Ni2(L-Asp)(Phen)3(H2O)]2+ and mononu- clear [Ni(Phen)2(H2O)2]2+. All the nickel ions in the complex are six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometry, but the coordination environments for them are different. There exist hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions in the complex.

Investigation on interaction of L-aspartic acid with Vctoria Green S and its application

The interaction of L-Aspartic acid （Asp） with Vctoria Green S （VGS） in pH 6.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution has been investigated by UV/Vis spectropbotometry and resonance light scattering （RLS） technique. The non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bond, salt linkage and hydrophobic bond were proposed to explain the interaction between VGS and Asp. It indicated that Asp could link each other to form a long chain by salt linkages and hydrogen bonds in aqueous medium. Then the long chain surrounded the hydrophobic groups of VGS via hydrophobic interaction and reacted with VGS by salt linkages and hydrogen bonds to form a macromolecular aggregation. The aggregation was much bigger than VGS itself. So the color became deeper and the system＇s absorption and RLS intensity increased. The increase in the absorbance at 617nm was proportional to the concentration of Asp, providing a basis for the quantitative determination of Asp. This method was simple and efficient than the ordinary methods and had been applied to the direct determination of Asp with satisfactory results.

Selective Recognition and Detection of L-Aspartic Acid by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer in Aqueous Solution

Molecularly imprinted polymers selective for L-aspartic acid (LAA) have been prepared using the carboxy-betaine polymer bearing zwitterionic centres along the backbone. LAA is well known to promote good me-tabolism, treat fatigue and depression along with its significance in accurate age estimation in the field of forensic science and is an important constituent of ‘aspartame’, the low calorie sweetener. In order to study the intermolecular interactions in the prepolymerization mixture between the monomer and the template (LAA)/non-template (DAA), a computational approach was developed. It was based on the binding energy of the complex between the template and functional monomer. The results demonstrate that electrostatic in-teractions primarily guide the imprinting protocol. The MIP was able to selectively and specifically take up LAA from aqueous solution, human blood serum and certain pharmaceutical samples quantitatively. Hence, a facile, specific and selective technique to detect the amino acid, LAA in the presence of various interfer-rants, in different kinds of matrices is presented.

Synthesis of L-Aspartic Acid and Lactone Copolymers

Biodegradable poly(alc-alt-Asp) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of the monomer 3-(S)-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl] -morpholine-2, 5-dione and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. Copolymers of the monomer with glycolide, D,L-lactide and L-lactide were also prepared.

Polyelectrolyte complex micelles by self-assembly of polypeptide-based triblock copolymer for doxorubicin delivery

Polyelectrolyte complex micelles were prepared by self-assembly of polypeptide-based triblock copolymer as a new drug carrier for cancer chemotherapy.The triblock copolymer,poly(L-aspartic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-aspartic acid)(PLD-b-PEG-b-PLD),spontaneously self-assembled with doxorubicin(DOX)via electrostatic interactions to form spherical micelles with a particle size of 60e80 nm(triblock ionomer complexes micelles,TBIC micelles).These micelles exhibited a high loading capacity of 70%(w/w)at a drug/polymer ratio of 0.5 at pH 7.0.They showed pH-responsive release patterns,with higher release at acidic pH than at physiological pH.Furthermore,DOX-loaded TBIC micelles exerted less cytotoxicity than free DOX in the A-549 human lung cancer cell line.Confocal microscopy in A-549 cells indicated that DOX-loaded TBIC micelles were transported into lysosomes via endocytosis.These micelles possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and showed sustained DOX release in rats.Overall,these findings indicate that PLDb-PEG-b-PLD polypeptide micelles are a promising approach for anti-cancer drug delivery.

Evidence-based approach to management of hepatic encephalopathy in adults

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a reversible syndrome of impaired brain function and represents one of the many complications of portal hypertension and decompensated liver disease.Although ammonia is clearly implicated in the pathogenesis of HE,the pathogenesis of HE is multifactorial with numerous mechanisms that results in functional impairment of neuronal cells.The initial management of HE focuses on supportive care and stabilization which includes providing appropriate nutritional support.Thereafter,focus should be on identifying and treating the precipitating factors.There are many therapeutic agents available for the management of HE,most of which are directed towards lowering the gut nitrogen load and thus the serum ammonia level.This review aims to provide an update on the conventional and emerging treatment options for HE.

蜡烛浇注制造法

蜡烛浇注制造法①加工模具用４５＃圆钢或铁棒，经车床加工成模坯。模坯内经φ１５～φ１６毫米，并要车成斜应为３～４°，便于脱模。模具加工完后，在φ１６端面处开一道凹口。其目的是要定中心燃线用的（因为一支蜡烛的质量好坏中心燃线的位置很关键）。凹口开成能搁下...

Microwave-assisted synthesis,crystal structure and toxicity of L-aspartic acid zinc spiral linear supramolecular polymer

L-aspartic acid zinc was synthesized by a rapid and convenient method in high yield under microwave conditions, and its single crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The structure unit of the title compound is [Zn(L-Asp)(H2O)2]·H2O, which is a bicyclo-complex forming a spiral linear polymer via coordination bonds. The spiral linear polymers are assembled as a three-dimensional supramolecule by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system, P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, a=0.7830(3) nm, b=0.9369(4) nm, c=11.599(5) nm, α=β=γ=90.00°, V=0.8509(6) nm3, Z=4, Dc=1.955 g/cm3, F(000)=512, μ=2.289. The toxicity of the title compound is lower than that of glutamic acid zinc and zinc sulfate. Keywords L-aspartic acid - zinc - microwave - supramolecule - toxicity

Identification of key residues for the activity of aspartate 4‑decarboxylase towards l‑3‑methylaspartate

Aspartate 4-decarboxylase(ASD)has been modified to obtain the catalytic ability of the unnatural substrate l-3-methylaspartate.However,the mechanism remains to be clarified.In the present study,the semi-rational modification was used to identify key residues of importance for the activity towards l-3-methylasparte.The ASD from Pseudomonas dacunhae 21192(PdASD)was used as a template,which showed better activity than the other two ASDs.Four residues proved to be critical for the activity towards l-3-methylasparte,with three located in the active site and one on the surface.Combinatorial variants were constructed to analyze the role of each mutation.The enzymatic properties of the combined variants were determined and compared.The residue at the 17th position was a member of the substrate entrance gate and contributed to the activity by reducing the steric hindrance.The residue at the 37th position was necessary for activity.Two mutations,I288 and V382,exhibited strong epistatic interactions on the activity of ASD.Structural changes in the active site were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations,and it is proposed that the increased activity of PdASD variants is related to a suitable binding pocket for the substrate.These results provide new evidence for the mechanism ofβ-decarboxylation,which lays the foundation for enhancing the activity of ASD.

Isolation and mechanism analysis of a catalytic efciency improved L‑aspartateβ‑decarboxylase toward 3‑methylaspartic acid

L-Aspartateβ-decarboxylase from Acinetobacter radioresistens(ArASD)has been modifed to convert 3-methylaspartic acid into 2-aminobutyric acid,which activated a novel process for biosynthesis of 2-aminobutyric acid.However,the process is limited by the low activity of the ArASD.Here,the activity of ArASD was signifcantly improved by modifcation based on sequence alignment and structural analysis.The 38th residue of ArASD is speculated to be the key residue for regulating the conformation of the internal aldimine,and site-directed mutagenesis on R38 residue was carried out.A variant,K18A/R38K/V287I,with 2.2 times higher specifc activity was isolated.Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the torsion angle of the imine bond of the variant decreased,which was benefcial to the protonation of the internal aldimine and the increase in the initial energy of the enzyme.Therefore,the energy barrier of the transition state was reduced,resulting in improved catalytic activity toward 3-methylaspartic acid.These results provide a reference and a new point of view for enzyme modifcation by increasing the energy of the initial state.