A New Method for Deriving High-Vertical-Resolution Wind Vector Data from the L-Band Radar Sounding System in China

High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for calculating highvertical-resolution wind vectors excessively smooths the data, resulting in significant underestimation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utilization of the data. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utilizes the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMSE-F(root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a sliding second-order polynomial fitting is utilized to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning System and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation Sounding System. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations.

Sound Transmission Loss Analysis of a Double Plate-Acoustic Cavity Coupling System with In-Plane Functionally Graded Materials

In this paper, the isogeometric analysis (IGA) is employed to develop an acoustic radiation model for a double plate-acoustic cavity coupling system, with a focus on analyzing the sound transmission loss (STL). The functionally graded (FG) plate exhibits a different material properties in-plane, and the power-law rule is adopted as the governing principle for material mixing. To validate the harmonic response and demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the isogeometric modeling, ANASYS is utilized to compare with numerical examples. A plane wave serves as the acoustic excitation, and the Rayleigh integral is applied to discretize the radiated plate. The STL results are compared with the literature, confirming the reliability of the coupling system. Finally, the investigation is conducted to study impact of cavity depth and power-law parameter on the STL.

Deep seismic sounding investigation into the deep structure of the magma system in Changbaishan-Tianchi volcanic region

The magma system of Changbaishan-Tianchi Volcanic region is studied with three-dimensional deep seismic sounding (DSS) technique. The results show that the magma system of Changbaishan-Tianchi volcanic region, mainly characterized by low velocity of P wave, can be divided into three parts in terms of depth. At the depth range of 9-15 km, the distribution of the magma system is characterized by extensiveness, large scale and near-SN orientation. This layer is the major place for magma storage. From the depth of 15 km down to the lower crust, it is characterized by small lateral scale, which indicates the 'trace' of magma intrusion from the upper mantle into the crust and also implies that the magma system most probably extends to the upper mantle, or even deeper.(less than 8-9 km deep), the range of magma distribution is even smaller, centering on an SN-oriented area just north of the Tianchi crater. If low velocity of P wave is related to the magma system, it then reflects that the magma here is still in a state of relatively high temperature. In this sense, the magma system of Changbaishan-Tianchi volcanic region is at least not 'remains', in other words, it is in an 'active' state.

Shallow Discussion about the Application of L-band Sounding Seconds Data in the Artificial Precipitation

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss shallowly the application of L-band sounding seconds data in the artificial precipitation. [Method] The characteristics, getting manner and displaying method of L-band sounding seconds data were introduced briefly. Moreover, its application prospect in the artificial precipitation operation was analyzed initially. We aimed to improve its application rate in the artificial precipitation operation. [Result] L-band sounding seconds data had the great improvement in the time-space resolution and the space positioning accuracy aspects when compared with the previous sounding data, and the precision reached the second level. It could provide the high-precision data basis for the assimilation of artificial precipitation numerical model initial field, and improve the numerical model. Moreover, the sounding product could provide the accurate scientific basis for the selection of artificial precipitation operation tool, the determination of operation height and range, and guide the artificial precipitation operation, and improve the operation efficiency. [Conclusion] The research provided the analysis and reference basis for the command of artificial precipitation operation.

Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation Cloud in Tianjin Based on L-band Sounding Data

Based on L-band sounding data,threshold method of relative humidity was used to analyze vertical distribution characteristics of precipitation cloud system in Tianjin region.The results showed that main precipitation cloud system affecting Tianjin is cold and warm mixed cloud,followed by cold cloud,and precipitation of warm cloud is less.During May-November,precipitation of cold and warm mixed cloud is dominant,and it is dominant by precipitation of cold cloud from January to April.In four seasons,the precipitation frequency of double-layer cloud is the most,and precipitation of single-layer cloud mainly appears during March-November,and peak is in June.Peak of cloud system with three or more layers all appears in July and August.The cold cloud and warm cloud catalysts should be selected respectively for artificial precipitation enhancement in Tianjin.In winter,cold cloud catalyst operation is selected;in spring,summer and autumn,the cold cloud catalyst is spread in the cold cloud area,and the warm cloud catalyst is distributed in the warm cloud area according to the conditions of cloud layer.

Aquifer Characterization and Groundwater Potential Using Integrated Geoelectric Sounding and Geoinformatics in West Maghagha Area, Minia Governorate, Egypt

The study area is located in the western extension of the Nile Valley near the boundary with the Western Desert, where the groundwater represents the potential water resource for future land development for both industrial purposes and agricultural reclamation. Historically, geoelectric methods proved prospective and practical in exploring for groundwater resources. In this study, 17 Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) were acquired and processed to reveal the subsurface distribution of the water bearing layers and identify the groundwater potential in West Maghagha area. After routine data analysis and calibration, the preliminary results are interpreted in light of the available geological data and indicated the presence of at least four geoelectric layers with model resistivity values up to 2000 Ω•m. The potential aquifer was encountered down to ~120 m depth with average thickness of 100 m and is made of argillaceous fractured carbonates. Despite the overall poor quality of this aquifer, the integrated geoelectric and hydrogeologic information indicated a possible potential occurrence of potable groundwater at the southern and northeastern parts of the study area. To improve understanding of the groundwater systems in the study area, detailed aquifer characterization is discussed through integration of the available geologic data, maps, and the geoelectric sections constructed from the VES.

Comparisons,processing and interpretation of the surveyed data by GMS-06 and other magnetotelluric sounding sys-tems

In recent years, the data collecting and processing of magnetotelluric sounding （MT） have progressed greatly. How to improve the quality of field surveyed data and obtain the high quality parameters such as apparent resistivity and phase is the most important link during the overall flow. It is closely related to the signal-to-noise ratio of magnetic sensors, the resolution of data collecting units and relevant processing methods as well. Produced by Germany Metronix Measurement Instruments and Electronics Ltd., the new type multi-channel geophysical measurement system GMS-06 was already adopted and used by domeslic units such as Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tongji University. Based on the brief introduction of GMS-06, this paper will give the comparisons and analyses of the synchronous surveyed MT data by GMS-06, MMS-03 MT system which was also produced by Metronix and V5-2000 MT system produced by Canada Phoenix Geophysics Ltd.. Then the preliminary processing and interpretation results of the long period MT data observed by GMS-06 in the area of Shanghai and Zhejiang are also discussed in the paper.

Adaptive Method for State Estimation of Sound Environment System with Uncertainty and its Application to Psychological Evaluation

The actual sound environment system exhibits various types of linear and non-linear characteristics, and it often contains uncertainty. Furthermore, the observations in the sound environment are often in the level-quantized form. In this paper, two types of methods for estimating the specific signal for sound envi-ronment systems with uncertainty and the quantized observation are proposed by introducing newly a system model of the conditional probability type and moment statistics of fuzzy events. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical methods is confirmed by applying them to the actual problem of psychological evalua-tion for the sound environment.

Design of Security System by Means of Sound Print

Sound Recognition becomes an important tool for intrusion detection or for the monitoring of public premises exposed to personal hostility. It could further identify different sounds. The main idea of the sound recognition process in a security system is to store samples of different sound signals in the memory of the computer as references,?and?to be analyzed with respect to their frequencies components. In this paper, the sound signal of an unknown source would be analyzed and compared with all the available reference samples,?and?then recognition is made according to the closest sample. The developed security system consists of two main parts: the spectrum analyzer that converts the sound signal to spectrograms. It is designed based on the real-time analyzes, and the recognizer which compares the spectrograms and gives the decision of the recognition by using a special criterion. Experimental results prove that the accuracy of the proposed system can be 98.33% for the selected sample of signals.

Sound Card Based ASK Communication System for Teaching Communication Principle Course

This paper deals with the issue of using the MATLAB tool in teaching the course of communication principles via constructing an Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) communication system. Different from conventional MATLAB based simulations, the constructed system transmits modulated signals through a wire audio channel by exploiting sound card. Synchronization is required before the received signal being demodulated. Many practical problems should be considered as in real system. The designed system can be extended easily, and not only stimulates students’ interest in communication course, but also helps them understanding the principles from system viewpoints.

State Estimation for Fuzzy Sound Environment System with Finite Amplitude Fluctuation

Internal physical mechanism of actual sound environment system is often difficult to recognize analytically, and it contains unknown structural characteristics. Furthermore, the observation data often contain fuzziness due to several causes and exhibit level saturation owing to the existence of a finite dynamic range. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new state estimation method by considering fuzziness and finite amplitude fluctuation of observation data. In this paper, a method for estimating the specific signal for sound environment system with unknown structure is proposed in an appropriate form for the finite level range of the measured fuzzy observation data by introducing an expansion expression of probability distribution with Bata distribution in the first term and new type of membership function. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is confirmed by applying it to the actual problem in the sound environment.

A State Estimation Method for Sound Environment System with Unknown Observation Mechanism by Introducing Fuzzy Inference

The observed phenomena in real sound environment system often contain uncertainty such as the additional external noise with unknown statistics. Furthermore, there is complex nonlinear relationship between the specific signal and the observations, and it cannot be exactly expressed in any definite functional form. In these situations, it is one of reasonable analysis methods to treat the objective sound environment system as a fuzzy system. In this study, a state estimation method for a specific signal under the existence of an unknown observation mechanism and external noise of unknown statistics is proposed by introducing fuzzy inference. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is experimentally confirmed by applying it to the actually observed data in the sound environment.

陆域大地电磁基础网规划与展望

阵列式大地电磁测深是区域地球物理调查的重点发展方向之一,对标国外先进水平和国家社会的基础性需求,中国阵列式大地电磁测深工作程度依然较低,缺乏整体规划,开展全国性观测计划亟需提上日程。系统总结了当前区域地球物理学的发展趋势及国内外大地电磁网建设现状,提出了合作共建陆域多层级大地电磁基础网和大数据中心的顶层设计和规划布局,并对中国大地电磁基础网未来的重点发展方向进行了展望和思考。相关工作的顺利开展将为中国的区域地球物理调查拓展一项新属性参数,推动构建物性地球、结构地球和地球物理场四维模型,进而变革区域地球物理研究范式和工作模式,支撑中国深地探测走向世界前列。

湘南坪宝矿田岩浆热液成矿系统深部探测与地球化学约束

湘南是我国乃至世界最重要的钨锡多金属矿集区之一,发育了坪宝、柿竹园、骑田岭等多个大型矿床(田)。随着浅部资源逐渐枯竭,成矿系统深延与探测成为找矿突破的重点,尤其是覆盖层下隐伏成矿岩体、流体运移通道与矿体赋存空间的准确识别。本文以湘南坪宝矿田为例,采用广域电磁、构造解析与地球化学等方法揭示了成矿系统的空间结构与物质组成:(1)矿田深部(<5 km)存在4个隐伏的燕山期花岗岩体,包括宝山、黄沙坪、大坊、野鹅塘,岩体呈现不规则形态;(2)岩体侵位受NNE走向、NE走向与NW走向的区域断裂交汇联合控制,其岩体接触带与次级断裂为主要的控矿构造;(3)断层破碎带中方解石、石英、赤铁矿等热液矿物为成矿流体活动留下的痕迹,可用来识别成矿流体的源区与路径;(4)科学钻探证实了矿体与成矿运移通道深延稳定,且可能与深部隐伏岩体导通;(5)宝山矿区西部、黄沙坪矿区东部、大坊与野鹅塘矿区深部应为该区未来找矿勘查的重点。通过广域电磁、构造解析与矿物地球化学分析可以深入认识隐伏岩体的空间形态与形成时代,构建成矿物质与流体的“源-运-储”模型,开展成矿系统的深部探测与成矿潜力评价。

基于声全息法和单目视觉技术的柴油机噪声可视化实现

柴油机属于多噪声耦合动力装置,其噪声的识别和控制是内燃机研究领域的难点。为实现柴油机噪声的可视化,本研究结合了近场声全息法与单目视觉技术,开发了基于Labview的声像匹配模块,测试系统人机界面友好,并通过已知声源试验验证了声像匹配模块的正确性。将验证后的测试系统应用于高压共轨柴油机对主/次推力侧声源进行识别,结果表明:在大气压力为80kPa、转速为1800r/min的最大扭矩工况下,主推力侧出现较大辐射噪声的位置为中冷器进气管、曲轴定时齿形带轮、排气管、脚架和涡轮增压器等;次推力侧辐射噪声峰值出现在起动机位置。

剧场式演播厅调音系统和扬声器系统设计与实施

本文通过对扬声器系统的选型和扩声系统设计,使具有4000座位、台口达27米的超大型演播剧场满足大型综艺节目、演唱会、音乐剧等节目制作,并获得了均匀的声能覆盖、合适的直达声能和混响声能比值,以及较高的应用性价比。

基于电子技术的声光控制照明系统设计与实现

随着信息技术和智能控制技术的飞速发展,电子技术在智能家居系统中的应用日益广泛,尤其在照明控制领域。基于此,首先探讨基于电子技术的声光控制照明系统的设计需求,其次详细阐述声光控制照明电路的设计要求,最后分析声光控制照明电路设计流程。

基于广义互相关时延估计(TDOA)算法的声源定位跟踪系统设计与实现

为实现在二维平面内对声源进行实时定位和动态跟踪,运用时延估计(TDOA)互相关算法设计一种原声监听头阵列的CC-TDOA声源定位跟踪系统,实现对多个原声监听头进行同步采样,再进行信号放大及运算处理,运用LCD屏实时显示目标声源的距离和方位角度,同时运用二维云台控制激光笔对准声源,并持续动态跟踪声源。模拟仿真及真实环境实验测试表明,采用基于到达时间差的互相关定位算法,计算量小,精度较高,测试角度误差小于2o,距离误差小于1.2%,可以满足多种智能应用场合中声源实时定位与跟踪的要求。

超高层办公建筑暖通空调系统噪声控制分析

营造良好的室内声环境对人员身心健康至关重要。本文以某超高层办公楼为研究对象,分析了超高层办公建筑声学方面的特点、典型暖通空调系统的噪声传递途径;针对办公楼层剖析了声源降噪、隔绝机房噪声、办公区内空调末端及管道的噪声控制措施,并针对机电层的不同设备区域提出了相应的隔振、隔声、降噪做法。

基于最优模型选择的多信标长基线定位系统误差辨识方法

为辨识多信标长基线定位系统误差,及提高定位精度,针对目标安装多个信标且目标体积不可忽略的情况,构建了多信标体制的长基线水下定位模型。进一步针对测元系统误差中包含的声速误差、时延误差,在多信标体制定位模型的基础上,构建了多类系统误差辨识模型,并结合水下目标定位过程,计算时延残差,构建模型最优检验统计量,给出了系统误差模型的最优选择准则,实现水下目标位置参数和系统误差参数的有效估计。仿真结果表明,该模型最优选择准则可以有效选择合适的系统误差辨识模型,提高长基线水下目标的定位精度。提出的基于最优模型选择的多信标长基线定位系统误差辨识方法可为水下目标定位试验提供理论支撑和有效参考。