A RESEARCH ON THE MEDIUM TEMPERATURE SINTERED BaTiO_3-BASE CERAMIC MATERIAL FOR MLC WITH X7R BEHAVIOR

采用加入Ｂｉ２Ｏ３＿ＰｂＯ＿ＺｎＯ玻璃及Ｂｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｂ掺杂的方法，使ＢａＴｉＯ３基铁电瓷料中温烧结（１０８０～１１４０℃）。在实验结果的基础上，探讨Ｘ７Ｒ铁电瓷料中的第二相和晶粒尺寸对ＭＬＣ的ε＿ｔ性能的影响，并研究其烧结机制。

Slip flow of Maxwell viscoelasticity-based micropolar nanoparticles with porous medium: a numerical study

This article presents the mass and heat transport aspects in viscoelastic nanofluid flows under the presence of velocity slip conditions. To explore the nonNewtonian behavior, a Maxwell viscoelasticity-based micropolar is considered. Moreover, a porous medium saturates the stretching sheet. A set of similarity variables is introduced to derive the dimensionless ordinary differential equations of velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles. The numerical solution is computed by using the MATLAB bvp4c package. The salient flow features of velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles are described and discussed through various graphs. It is observed that with an increase in the slip parameter, the micro-rotation velocity also increases. The temperature of nanoparticles gets maximum values by varying the viscoelastic parameter and the porosity parameter while an opposite trend is noted for the micro-rotation parameter. The local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number increase by increasing the viscoelastic parameter, the porosity parameter, and the slip velocity parameter. The graphical computation is performed for a specified range of parameters, such as 0 ≤ M ≤ 2.5, 0 ≤σm ≤ 2.5, 0 ≤ K1 ≤ 1.5, 0.5 ≤ Pr ≤ 3.0, 0 ≤σ≤ 1.5, 0.5 ≤ Sc ≤ 2.0, 0.2 ≤ Nb ≤ 0.8, and 0.2 ≤ Nt ≤ 0.8.

A Novel Lifecycle Model for Web-based Application Development in Small and Medium Enterprises

Software engineering＇s lifecycle models havc proven to be very important for traditional software development. However, can these models be applied to the development of Web-based applications as well？ In recent years, Web-based applications have become more and more complicated and a lot of efforts have been placed on introducing new technologies such as J2EE, PhP, and .NET, etc., which have been universally accepted as the development technologies for Web-based applications. However, there is no universally accepted process model for the development of Web-based applications. Moreover, shaping the process model for small medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）, which have limited resources, has been relatively neglected. Based on our previous work, this paper presents an expanded lifecycle process model for the development of Web-based applications in SMEs. It consists of three sets of processes, i.e., requirement processes, development processes, and evolution processes. Particularly, the post-delivery evolution processes are important to SMEs to develop and maintain quality web applications with limited resources and time.

Modification and Evaluation of Brucella Broth Based Campylobacter jejuni Transport Medium

Reliable transport of Campylobocter jejuni isolates is critical to microbial epidemiology research, especially in developing countries without a good temperature control mailing system. Various factors, including oxygen, temperature, transport medium composition, could affect the survival of C jejunL In this study, the protective effects of different ingredients in C. jejuni transport media at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ and under aerobic condition were quantitatively evaluated respectively. The results showed that enriched medium, supplementation with 5% blood and being kept at 4 ℃ could improve the viability of different C. jejuni strains during transport. In addition, supplementation with 25 mmol/L L-fucose in Wang＇s transport medium could significantly improve the survival of C.

As-cast Medium Mn Steel with Nodular Carbide Modified by Y-base Heavy RE Compound

1.IntroductionMedium Mn steel was developed be-cause the wear resistance of Hadfield steel(Mn13)is poor under low or medium im-pact and extrusion abrasion[1-4].In theforegoing investigations[2-4]we found thatwith the increase of C content,theneedle-like and network carbide in mediumMn steel increased(as shown in Fig.1(a)and(c)).Although its wear resistance was largelyimproved,its impact toughness was greatlydecreased.In order to increase toughness,along-term high temperature heat-treatmentwas needed.But the treatment caused cracks

财政紧平衡状态下零基预算的国际经验、地方实践与优化路径

随着全球经济增速放缓和财政收入增长乏力,地方政府财政压力日益加剧,传统的增量预算方法难以适应现代财政管理的需求。本文在分析当前财政紧平衡形势的基础上,探讨了零基预算作为一种创新的预算编制方式,在应对财政压力中的关键作用。本文通过介绍零基预算的核心理念,结合国外零基预算改革的经验,分析近年来我国在零基预算改革方面的探索与成效。针对零基预算实施中所面临的预算编制复杂性、行政成本上升等挑战,本文提出加强数字财政建设、强化部门协作、推进政策协同、结合中期预算框架等优化路径,以助力零基预算改革,健全现代预算制度。

Investigation of Coulomb force effects on ethylene glycol based nanofluid laminar flow in a porous enclosure

Forced convection heat transfer of ethylene glycol based nanofluid with FeOinside a porous medium is studied using the electric field. The control volume based finite element method(CVFEM) is selected for numerical simulation. The impact of the radiation parameter(R), the supplied voltage(?φ), the volume fraction of nanofluid(?), the Darcy number(Da), and the Reynolds number(Re) on nanofluid treatment is demonstrated. Results prove that thermal radiation increases the temperature gradient near the positive electrode. Distortion of isotherms increases with the enhance of the Darcy number and the Coulomb force.

Inner and outer pressure forming of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections

A novel forming method of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled part with variable diameter sections was proposed by using inner and outer pressure with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium at room temperature,and the principle of the method was provided.Experiments and FE simulations were carried out to analyze the deformation characteristics for the part with larger variable diameter ratio(35%).The results show that visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of the room-temperature deformation condition for nickel based super-alloy sheet.The inner and outer pressure forming with the visco-elasto-plastic pressure-carrying medium can meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy for the thin-walled part with variable diameter sections.The thinning of wall-thickness is less than 4%.This method provides a new approach for near-net shape forming of nickel based super-alloy thin-walled parts with variable diameter sections.

Direct carboxylation of thiophene with CO_(2) in the solvent-free carboxylate-carbonate molten medium:Experimental and mechanistic insights

A feasible synthesis route is devised for realizing direct carboxylation of thiophene and CO_(2) in a relatively mild solvent-free carboxylate-assisted carbonate(semi)molten medium.The effects of reaction factors on product yield are investigated,and the phase behavior analysis of the reaction medium is detected through the thermal characterization techniques.Product yield varies with the alternative carboxylate co-salts,which is attributed to the difference in deprotonation capacity caused by the base effect within the system.Besides,the detailed mechanism of this carbonate-promoted carboxylation reaction is studied,including two consecutive steps of the formation of carbanion through breaking the C-H bond(s)via the carbonate and the nucleophile attacking the weak electrophile CO_(2) to form C-C bond(s).The activation energy barrier in C-H activation step is higher than the following CO_(2) insertion step whether for the formation of the mono-and/or di-carboxylate,which is in good agreement with that of kinetic isotope effect(KIE)experiments,indicating that the C-H deprotonation is slow and the forming presumed carbanion reacts rapidly with CO_(2).Both the activation energy barriers in deprotonation steps are the minimal for the cesium cluster system since there have the weak the cesium Cs-heteroatom S(thiophene)and Cs-the broken proton interactions compared to the K2CO3 system,which is likely to enhance the acidity of C-H bond,lowering the C-H activation barrier.Besides,these mechanistic insights are further assessed by investigating base and C-H substrate effects via replacing Cs2CO3 with K2CO3 and furoate(la)with thiophene monocarboxylate(1b)or benzoate(1c).

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery Guidance by screen imaging using an EDA-H portable medium-soft electronic endoscope

The present study aimed to verify the practicability of performing screen-based surgical operations under the guidance of a real-time viewing and recording system （RTVRS） using a portable medium-soft electronic endoscope （pmsEE）. The middle cerebral artery in rats was occluded under screen-imaging guidance using a pmsEE RTVRS to reproduce an animal model of human cerebral infarction. The screen imaging of the pmsEE RTVRS was clear, life-like, stereoscopic and synchronous with the actual operation. Screen-imaging guidance led to an accurate, smooth, minimally invasive and comparatively easy surgical procedure. The surgical success rate, time of model establishment, neurological function scores, and infarct volume were similar to those using an operating microscope. These results indicate that the self-designed pmsEE RTVRS could be utilized for portable endoscopic screen-based surgical operations.

Multi-scale Modeling of the Effective Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Cement-based Composite Materials

N-layered spherical inclusions model was used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in cement-based materials by using multi-scale method and then to investigate the relationship between the diffusivity and the microstructure of cement-basted materials where the microstructure included the interfacial transition zone （ITZ） between the aggregates and the bulk cement pastes as well as the microstructure of the bulk cement paste itself. For the convenience of applications, the mortar and concrete were considered as a four-phase spherical model, consisting of cement continuous phase, dispersed aggregates phase, interface transition zone and their homogenized effective medium phase. A general effective medium equation was established to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the hardened cement paste by considering the microstructure. During calculation, the tortuosity （n） and constrictivity factors （Ds/Do） of pore in the hardened pastes are n^3.2, Ds/Do=l.Ox 10-4 respectively from the test data. The calculated results using the n-layered spherical inclusions model are in good agreement with the experimental results; The effective diffusion coefficient of ITZ is 12 times that of the bulk cement for mortar and 17 times for concrete due to the difference between particle size distribution and the volume fraction of aggregates in mortar and concrete.

中小企业“链式”数字化转型的逻辑与实践——以广东为例

“链式”数字化转型是当前推动中小企业数字化转型的热点方向和有效途径。本文以广东省当前开展的产业集群数字化转型工程和省级中小企业数字化转型城市试点工作为背景,分析中小企业开展“链式”数字化转型的内在逻辑,阐述综合考虑技术和商业的转型蓝图,分析供应链模式和产业链模式两种实施路线以及“1+1+N”的组织方式,最后介绍典型的实践案例,为全国推动中小企业数字化转型提供参考。

气体水合物合成研究进展

水合物法捕集与封存CO_(2)气体可服务于大规模减排的技术需求,加速“碳中和”目标的实现,对应对气候变化具有重要意义。从气体水合物的基本性质、生成机理及模型,多孔介质中水合物合成,水合物合成的分子动力学模拟等方面,综述了前人针对水合物合成领域的研究现状,提出了气体水合物合成过程中存在的科学问题,并对气体水合物的发展及煤系地层CO_(2)水合物的封存方向进行了评价。研究认为,CO_(2)气体的溶解度是限制准确计算多孔介质中水合物储气量的关键因素;气体水合物的局部结构化(成核)机制复杂,仍需深入研究;高纬度及永久冻土区煤系地层可作为水合物法封存CO_(2)气体的地下空间。

Analysis and Design Innovation on Underground Gasifier for Medium-Deep Coal Seam

Over the past 80 years,dozens of underground coal gasification(UCG)mine field tests have been carried out around the world.However,in the early days,only a small number of shallow UCG projects in the former Soviet Union achieved commercialised production.In this century,a few pilot projects in Australia also achieved short-term small-scale commercialised production using modern UCG technology.However,the commercialisation of UCG,especially medium-deep UCG projects with good development prospects but difficult underground engineering conditions,has not progressed smoothly around the world.Considering investment economy,a single gasifier must realise a high daily output and accumulated output,as well as hold a long gasification tunnel to control a large number of coal resources.However,a long gasification tunnel can easily be affected by blockages and failure,for which the remedial solutions are difficult and expensive,which greatly restricts the investment economy.The design of the underground gasifier determines the success or failure of UCG projects,and it also requires the related petroleum engineering technology.Combining the advantages of the linear horizontal well(L-CRIP)and parallel horizontal well(P-CRIP),this paper proposes a new design scheme for an“inclined ladder”underground gasifier.That is to say,the combination of the main shaft of paired P-CRIP and multiple branch horizontal well gasification tunnels is adopted to realise the control of a large number of coal resources in a single gasifier.The completion of the main shaft by well cementation is beneficial for maintaining the integrity of the main shaft and the stability of the main structure.The branch horizontal well is used as the gasification tunnel,but the length and number of retracting injection points are limited,effectively reducing the probability of blockage or failure.The branch horizontal well spacing can be adjusted flexibly to avoid minor faults and large cracks,which is conducive to increasing the resource utilisation rate.In addition,for multi-layer thin coal seams or ultra-thick coal seams,a multi-layer gasifier sharing vertical well sections can be deployed,thereby saving investment on the vertical well sections.Through preliminary analysis,this gasifier design scheme can be realised in engineering,making it suitable for largescale deployment where it can increase the resource utilisation rate and ensure stable and controllable operations.The new gasifier has outstanding advantages in investment economy,and good prospects for application in the commercial UCG projects of medium-deep coal seams.

河北省科技型中小企业创新生态系统优化路径探讨

以河北省科技型中小企业为对象,探究其发展现状,分析其创新生态系统存在问题,并提出优化对策,有助于推动人才、资本、技术、环境等创新要素的畅通与融合,进一步增强科技型中小企业创新活力,助力经济高质量发展。

海水基纳米流体分散稳定性和黏度特性研究

以海水为基础液的纳米流体,可作液压介质应用于海洋液压设备,解决传统液压油因海水侵入引起的油液变质问题。以天然海水为基础液,通过两步法制备海水基SiC纳米流体,采用单一变量法探究不同组分配比纳米流体的分散稳定性和黏度特性。结果表明,NaCl会破坏颗粒双电层,降低纳米流体稳定系数,但表面活性剂CMC可吸附在SiC颗粒表面提供空间位阻,使稳定系数在10 d内维持在0.9左右。同时,验证了SiC粒径在40 nm,质量分数在1%左右,CMC质量分数在2%左右,纳米流体分散稳定性最佳。海水基纳米流体的黏度随颗粒添加量的增加而增大,在质量分数>1%时,上升趋势减缓;随着CMC添加量的增多,影响了纳米流体中的微结构,使海水基纳米流体的黏度随CMC质量分数增加而上升,上升趋势为平缓-急剧-平缓;受布朗运动的影响,黏度与温度呈负相关;纳米流体黏度随NaCl质量分数的增加而下降,下降趋势先快后慢。制备的海水基纳米流体具有较好的分散稳定性,可通过调控组分配比得到所需黏度,有助于纳米流体技术的进一步发展。

基于块体离散元法的盾构掘进围岩与管片变形模拟研究

针对有限差分法及有限元法等连续介质数值方法无法模拟砂卵石地层的离散介质属性的问题,基于块体离散元方法,建立离散元模型,模拟盾构穿越砂卵石地层的掘进过程,研究盾构掘进过程中砂卵石地层中块体或颗粒间结构面的位移以及围岩与管片变形;将砂卵石地层等效为连续介质,建立有限差分模型模拟盾构掘进过程,并且对比离散元模型与有限差分模型计算结果之间的差异。结果表明:离散元模型中结构面正法向位移超过0.1 mm的区域主要集中在仰拱处,结构面负法向位移超过0.1 mm的区域位于两侧拱腰处,结构面切向位移超过0.4 mm的区域主要集中在仰拱处;对于围岩和管片的变形,离散元法的计算结果均大于有限差分法,因此采用离散元方法对砂卵石地层中隧道及管片的设计方案进行验证相对更加安全、合理。

中低温淡水基压裂液在海上油田的应用

渤海油田Q-3井为一口探井,储层深度3 020~3 045 m,油藏温度104~110℃,地层压力系数0.99~1.11,目的层测井综合解释孔隙度为11.0%~11.5%,渗透率为2.2~2.6 mD,为低孔特低渗储层,泥质含量约为15.6%~16.7%。所在海域水深约10 m,海水浊度高,过滤效率低,如果采用海水配制压裂液,无法满足供液排量需求,因此提出采用中低温淡水基压裂液体系。本文针对该井储层特征,考虑施工时环境温度,开展溶胀性、防膨性能、耐温耐剪切性、破胶性能等实验,压裂液各项性能指标均达到行业标准且满足施工要求,并在渤海油田得到现场应用。

FeCoNiTi_(x)中熵合金组织性能及其在硬质合金中的应用

FeCoNi中熵合金相比传统合金具有优异的性能,但其室温强度不高,限制了其应用。通过机械合金化和放电等离子烧结工艺制备FeCoNiTi_(x)(x=0,0.25,0.50,0.75,1)中熵合金块体,重点研究了各元素机械合金化顺序以及Ti含量对FeCoNiTi_(x)中熵合金显微组织和性能的影响,并初步探讨了FeCoNiTi_(x)中熵合金作为黏结剂在WC基硬质合金中的应用。结果表明:机械合金化过程中FeCoNi基体相为FCC相,添加Ti元素后形成Laves相和钛氧化物相,因此FeCoNiTi_(x)中熵合金物相由FCC相、Laves相和钛氧化物相组成。随着Ti含量的增加,FeCoNiTi_(x)合金密度、硬度和强度均上升,塑性先增强后减弱。FeCoNiTi_(0.50)中熵合金表现出良好的力学性能,其显微硬度、屈服强度、压缩强度和压缩应变分别为531 HV、1 987.57 GPa、2 114.85 GPa和20.5%。添加少量Ti元素可提升FeCoNi合金的耐腐蚀性。FeCoNiTi_(x)黏结剂在WC基硬质合金中能稳定存在,抑制WC烧结过程中脱碳相的形成。WC-FeCoNiTi_(0.50)硬质合金表现出较好的力学性能,其显微硬度与断裂韧性分别为1 834 HV与15.12 MPa·m^(1/2)。

低层错能CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金的强化方法研究

低层错能的CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金在室温或低温下具有优异的断裂韧性。同时,在冲击条件下变形机理的多样性使CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金具有优异的抗变形能力,有望作为抗冲击结构材料被应用于极端环境中。然而,金属材料“强度-塑性”的倒置关系在CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金中依然存在,低的屈服强度限制了CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金的潜在应用。因此,选择合适的强化方法,提高CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金的屈服强度,同时保持高塑性,成为目前高熵合金研究的热点。本文从固溶元素、晶内缺陷、相结构3个方面介绍了目前应用在CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金中的强化方法,从固溶原子、间隙原子、位错、孪晶、相变、梯度结构等多方面讨论了强韧化机制,并以CrCoNi基(中)高熵合金的变形机理为切入点,分析了不同方法对合金性能的提升机理,为低层错能高强韧合金的设计提供了思路。