蒲黄总黄酮对Palmitate培养下的C2C12骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖代谢的影响

目的:探讨蒲黄总黄酮(PTF)对骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖代谢的影响。方法:PTF处理棕榈酸(Palmitate)诱导而致胰岛素抵抗(IR)的C2C12骨骼肌细胞,采用XTT法观察药物对细胞活性的影响;通过检测培养液中的葡萄糖含量反映葡萄糖消耗量;3H-葡萄糖摄入法观察细胞对葡萄糖的转运率。结果:0.25mmol/LPalmitate培养16h,造成C2C12骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖消耗量下降34.66%,0.5g/LPTF可使其葡萄糖消耗量显著增加,且呈一定的时间依赖效应,与罗格列酮(ROS)相比,统计学差异显著(P<0.05);0.25mmol/LPalmi-tate培养16h,使C2C12骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖摄取率下降30.43%,造成骨骼肌细胞胰岛素抵抗(IR)模型,0.5g/LPTF可使IR模型葡萄糖转运率增加32.39%,ROS可使其转运率增加45.88%,与模型组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PTF能显著增加C2C12骨骼肌细胞的葡萄糖消耗和摄取,这可能是PTF改善骨骼肌IR的机制之一。

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sn-2 Palmitate: A Review

Human milk fat(HMF)is an important source of nutrients and energy for infants.Triacylglycerols(TAGs)account for about 98%of HMF and have a unique molecular structure.HMF is highly enriched in palmitic acid(PA)at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone(more than 70%)and in unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position.The specific TAG structure in HMF plays a valuable function in infant growth.Sn-2 palmitate(mainly 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol)is one of the structured TAGs that is commonly supplemented into infant formula in order to enable it to present a similar structure to HMF.In this review,the development of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate over the last 25 years are summarized,with a focus on reaction schemes in a laboratory setting.Particular attention is also paid to the commercialized sn-1,3 regioselective lipases that are used in structured TAGs synthesis,to general methods of TAG analysis,and to successfully developed sn-2 palmitate products on the market.Prospects for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate are discussed.

Repression of PKR mediates palmitate-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through regulation of Bcl-2

现在的学习显示出 RNA 依赖的蛋白质 kinase (PKR ) 调整的那双 stranded 蛋白质表示水平和 Bcl-2 和戏的 phosphorylation 在人的 hepatocellular 癌房间(HepG2 ) 的一个 anti-apoptotic 角色。在房间的各种各样的类型，浸透了免费的丰满的酸(船边交货) 例如 palmitate，被显示了由几机制导致细胞的 apoptosis。Palmitate 下面调整 PKR 并且从而的活动减少 Bcl-2 蛋白质的水平，由 NF-魏 B 抄写因素的减少的激活部分地调停了。除了 Bcl-2 蛋白质的水平，在不同氨基酸残余的 Bcl-2 的 phosphorylation 例如 Ser70 和 Ser87，在调整细胞的 apoptosis 也是重要的。在在在到 palmitate 的暴露之上的 Ser70 的 Bcl-2 的 phosphorylation 的减少被 c6 月 N 终端 kinase (JNK ) 被 PKR 并且可能的抑制调停，而在 Ser87 的 Bcl-2 的 phosphorylation 由 palmitate 或 PKR 是未受影响的。在摘要， PKR 调停蛋白质水平和 Bcl-2 的 phosphorylation 地位的规定，在 HepG2 房间提供导致 palmitate 的 apoptosis 的新奇机制。

HPLC Quantification of Dexamethasone Palmitate in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Rat after Lung Delivery with Large Porous Particles

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of dexamethasone palmitate (DXP) in bronchoalveolar fluid lavage samples (BALF). DXP in rat BALFs containing the internal standard (IS), testosterone decanoate (TD), was extracted using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1, v/v). Extracts were then centrifuged, dried and dissolved in acetonitrile. A chromatographic separation based on an isocratic elution was done using acetonitrile and water (85:15, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The graph of the developed method was linear within the tested calibration range of 0.5 - 40 μg/mL. The overall extraction recovery of DXP from BALF samples was 84.3% ± 1.6%. The accuracy (relative error) and precision (coefficient of variation) values were within the pre-defined limits of ≤15% at all concentrations. This methodology has been applied to determine levels of DXP in BALF samples collected from rats treated with DXP large porous particles. The measured concentrations were successfully evaluated using a non-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Since the developed method requires only a microvolume (100 μL) of BALF sample for analysis, it is therefore particularly suitable for the evaluation of drug biodistribution in lung.

Microencapsulation by Spray Drying of Vitamin A Palmitate from Oil to Powder and Its Application in Topical Delivery System

Vitamin A palmitate (VAP) contains retinol and palmitic acid which is easily absorbed by body and widely used in skin care products. But, it is a hydrophobic and oxidation sensitive molecule which undergoes rapid degradation especially in an aqueous environment. The purpose of this study was to prepare microcapsules of VAP using combination maltodextrin and modified starches. Emulsion of VAP was prepared using cremophore RH 40 with Tween 80 in a homogenizer and formed emulsion was spray-dried. The spray process was optimized using a central composite design for two variables to obtain microcapsules with desirable characteristics. Microcapsules containing 30% of VAP were produced using different concentration of wall materials. The prepared microcapsules were evaluated for their physical, morphological, in-vitro drug release and SEM study. The results showed that obtained microcapsules are nearly spherical in shape with a particle size ranged from 1 to 12 μm. The drug content and encapsulation efficiency (53% - 63%) of different batches were found within acceptable range. These stabilized drug loaded microcapsules were incorporated into silicone cream based formulation for convenient topical application and evaluated for its physicochemical parameters. The drug release study showed 80.18% to 83.43% of drug release from VAP microcapsules while topical formulations prepared by VAP microcapsules showed 67.09% to 71.45% drug release at the end of 24 hrs. The formulations were kept for 3 months stability study as per ICH guidelines and found to be stable.

Effects of methyl palmitate and lutein on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of methyl palmitate and lutein on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in rats and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:(1) control;(2) LPS;(3) Methyl palmitate; and(4) Lutein groups. Methyl palmitate(300 mg/kg, ip) was administered 3 times per week on alternating days while lutein(100 mg/kg, oral) was given once daily. After 1 wk of vehicle/methyl palmitate/lutein treatment, ALI was induced by a single dose of LPS(7.5 mg/kg, iv). After 24 h of LPS injection, animals were sacrificed then biochemical parameters and histopathology were assessed. RESULTS: Treatment with methyl palmitate attenuated ALI, as it significantly decreased the lung wet/dry weight(W/D) ratio, the accumulation of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) andhistopathological damage. However, methyl palmitate failed to decrease lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in BALF. On the other hand, lutein treatment produced significant anti-inflammatory effects as revealed by significant decrease in accumulation of inflammatory cells in lung, LDH level in BALF and histopathological damage. Methyl palmitate and lutein significantly increased superoxide dismutase(SOD) and reduced glutathione(GSH) activities with significant decrease in the lung malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Importantly, methyl palmitate and lutein decreased the level of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the lung. Lutein also reduced LPS-mediated overproduction of pulmonary nitrite/nitrate(NO-2/NO-3), which was not affected by methyl palmitate pretreatment. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the potent protective effects of both methyl palmitate and lutein against LPS-induced ALI in rats. These effects can be attributed to potent antioxidant activities of these agents, which suppress inflammatory cell infiltration and regulated cytokine effects.

Paliperidone palmitate-induced facial angioedema:A case report

BACKGROUND Paliperidone palmitate is a once-monthly injectable,atypical antipsychotic.To our knowledge,there has been only one report of paliperidone palmitate-induced angioedema presenting with acute laryngeal edema with subsequent respiratory arrest.Here,we present a case report of paliperidone palmitate-induced angioedema with a relatively mild clinical presentation compared with the previously reported case,and the patient's condition was not complicated by lifethreatening anaphylaxis.CASE SUMMARY A 79-year-old female,who had a major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease with behavioral disturbances.Paliperidone palmitate was offlabel used to control her aggression,irritability,and psychosis.After induction doses(150 mg and 100 mg intramuscularly,given 1 wk apart),she developed intermittent swelling of the face,eyelids,and lips on day 17 after the initial dose,and the edema was explicitly seen on day 20.The diagnosis was paliperidone palmitate-induced angioedema.The monthly injection dose was discontinued on day 33 after the initial dose.The angioedema was subsequently alleviated,and it had completely resolved by day 40 after the initial dose.CONCLUSION Paliperidone palmitate-induced angioedema is a rare condition and can present with a mild,intermittent facial edema,which may be overlooked in clinical practice.

Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates palmitate-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via regulation on miR-133b/Sirt1 axis

Excessive fat ectopically deposited in the non-adipose tissues is considered as one of the leading causes of myopathy.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Dihydroartemisinin(DHA)in palmitate(PAL)-incubated H9c2 cells(lipotoxicity-induced cell injury model).Cell viability of PAL-treated cells was determined by MTT assay,and apoptotic regulators were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis,in the absence or in the presence of DHA,respectively.Expression levels of miR-133b and Sirt1 were also evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting examination.PAL decreased the viability of H9c2 cells and enhanced the expression of apoptotic genes.DHA reversed the effect of PAL on cell viability and lowed the level of Caspase3 and Bax.It also lowered the expression of miR-133b,while enhanced the expression of Bcl-2.Sirt1 was revealed as target of miR-133b through transcriptional regulation and the process was affected by DHA.DHA partially protected against the PAL-induced lipotoxicity by influencing the expression of miR-133b that hindered the activity of Sirt1.DHA may be used as a potential treatment in clinical management for lipotoxicity induced heart complications.

Development and Application of a Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride in Marketed Drug Products: An Optimization of the Current USP Methodology for Assay

A simple efficient isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride (CPH) and its commercially available oral solution products. Separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Zorbax (Luna) cyano column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a Phenomenex cyano guard cartridge (4 × 3.0 mm) on Agilent 1050 series HPLC system. CPH and its resolution standard lincomycin were eluted isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with a simplified mobile phase (potassium phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 3.0)—acetonitrile—tetrahydrofuran (20:75:5, v/v/v)) and detected at 210 nm. The column was maintained at 25?C. The method was validated according to USP category I requirements. Robustness and forced degradation studies were also conducted. CPH marketed drug products were obtained from a drug distributor and assayed for potency using the validated method. Validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The analytical range for CPH was 15 - 500 μg/mL and the linearity was r2 > 0.999 over three days. The method was determined to be specific and robust. Both accuracy (92.0% - 103.8%) and precision (0.67% - 1.52%) were established across the analytical range for low, intermediate and high QC concentrations. Method applicability was demonstrated by analyzing two marketed products of CPH, in which results showed potency >98%. The method was determined to be an enhancement over the current USP methodology for assay as a result of increased efficiency, reduced organic solvents and the elimination of matrix modifiers. This method was successfully applied for the quality assessment of: 1) currently marketed drug products and 2) will in future assess the product quality of novel dosage forms of CPH for pediatric use.

盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯联合西地碘对慢性牙周炎患者的应用效果

目的探究盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯与西地碘联合治疗慢性牙周炎(CP)的效果。方法回顾性选取新乡医学院第一附属医院2021年5月至2022年3月收治的CP患者,以1∶1原则根据不同治疗方案将68例患者分为2组,各34例。对照组接受西地碘治疗,联合组接受盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯+西地碘治疗。对比两组疗效、牙周指标[菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、牙齿附着丧失(AL)]、疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估]、生活质量[CP口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-CP)]、血清因子水平[人髓系细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)、高迁移率族蛋白B-1(HMGB-1)、瘦素、内脂素]、不良反应及复发率。结果联合组总有效率(97.06%)高于对照组(76.47%)(P<0.05);治疗后联合组PD、AL、PLI、GI、VAS及OHIP-CP评分低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后联合组TREM-1、HMGB-1、内脂素低于对照组,瘦素高于对照组(P<0.05);联合组复发率(12.12%)低于对照组(34.61%)(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论盐酸克林霉素棕榈酸酯联合西地碘治疗CP效果显著,可改善牙周状况,减轻痛感,提高生活质量,降低复发率,安全可靠。

棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液对比其他抗精神病药长效针剂治疗精神分裂症有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液与其他抗精神病药长效针剂比较治疗精神分裂症的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、PsycINFO、CNKI、SinoMed、VIP、WanFang Data数据库,搜集关于棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液对比其他抗精神病药长效针剂治疗精神分裂症的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从建库至2023年4月30日。由2名研究者独立筛选、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入12个RCT,包括4368例患者。Meta分析结果显示,棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液组与利培酮长效针剂组的临床有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与其他抗精神病药长效针剂组的阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)总体评分改变值差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与其他抗精神病药长效针剂组相比,棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液组总退出率[RR=1.14,95%CI(1.06,1.24),P<0.01]和肌注部位异常的不良反应发生率[RR=2.08,95%CI(1.03,4.22),P=0.04]均显著增加。结论当前证据表明,与其他抗精神病药长效针剂相比,棕榈酸帕利哌酮注射液治疗精神分裂症的有效性并无明显差异,但部分不良反应发生率稍有增加。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。

鸢尾素缓解棕榈酸对骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨抑制

背景:鸢尾素是肌肉细胞在运动时从跨膜蛋白FNDC5中分离出来的肌因子,具有诱导白色脂肪组织褐变的功能,但是其对脂毒性引起的成骨分化的影响及机制尚不清楚。目的:探究鸢尾素对棕榈酸诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨能力的影响及作用机制。方法:CCK-8检测不同浓度棕榈酸对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响,以及鸢尾素对棕榈酸存在条件下骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响;鸢尾素和棕榈酸预处理24 h后,对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化,在成骨诱导培养第7天进行碱性磷酸酶染色,qRT-PCR检测成骨相关基因的表达,Western blot检测AMPK/BMP2/SMAD信号通路相关蛋白的表达,第21天进行茜素红染色,检测成骨差异。结果与结论:①CCK-8结果提示骨髓间充质干细胞的扩增与棕榈酸的浓度呈反比,但在0.02 mmol/L浓度时,棕榈酸对骨髓间充质干细胞扩增无显著影响,鸢尾素质量浓度在0.1-20μg/L范围内时,不影响骨髓间充质干细胞增殖;②碱性磷酸酶染色及茜素红染色结果显示,棕榈酸抑制骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力,鸢尾素能改善棕榈酸诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨抑制,qRT-PCR结果显示,棕榈酸可以引起成骨相关基因下调,而鸢尾素可以抑制这一趋势;③Western bolt结果显示,相较于单纯棕榈酸干预组,鸢尾素处理后增强了骨髓间充质干细胞中AMPK/BMP2/SMAD信号通路传导。该研究发现了鸢尾素能够改善棕榈酸预处理骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力并提出了具体的机制可能是由AMPK/BMP/SMAD信号通路介导的。

柚皮苷通过抑制ERK1/2活化和DRP1表达减轻棕榈酸处理后脂肪细胞炎症

目的探讨柚皮苷(Nar)对棕榈酸(PA)处理后成熟脂肪细胞炎症反应的影响及机制。方法3T3-L1前脂肪细胞经成脂化诱导为成熟脂肪细胞后采用不同浓度(0、25、50、100、200μmol·L^(-1))PA处理细胞48 h,CCK-8检测细胞活力,ELISA检测细胞上清IL-6水平,确定后续实验最佳PA浓度。不同浓度(0、12.5、25、50、100μmol·L^(-1))Nar处理成熟脂肪细胞,CCK-8检测细胞活力,确定后续实验最佳Nar浓度。单独PA处理实验分为2组:Ctrl组、PA组;联合Nar处理实验分为4组:Ctrl组、PA组、Nar组、PA+Nar组;western blotting法检测各组p-ERK1/2和DRP1蛋白表达水平。联合线粒体裂变抑制剂Mdivi-1处理实验分为7组:Ctrl组、PA组、Nar组、Mdivi-1组、PA+Nar组、PA+Mdivi-1组、PA+Nar+Mdivi-1组,ELISA和western blotting法分别检测7组细胞上清IL-6水平和p-ERK1/2、DRP1蛋白表达水平。结果后续实验PA和Nar分别选择50和25μmol·L^(-1)。与Ctrl组比较,PA组p-ERK1/2和DRP1表达水平均升高(P<0.001)。与PA组比较,PA+Nar组、PA+Mdivi-1组、PA+Nar+Mdivi-1组IL-6水平、p-ERK1/2和DRP1表达均更低(P<0.05);与PA+Nar组比较,PA+Nar+Mdivi-1组IL-6水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但p-ERK1/2和DRP1表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论Nar可减轻PA处理后成熟脂肪细胞的炎症反应,其机制是通过抑制ERK1/2激活和DRP1表达实现的。

棕榈酸诱导斑马鱼脂毒性损伤骨形成抑制模型的建立

目的 建立棕榈酸诱导的斑马鱼脂毒性损伤骨形成抑制模型。方法 将AB品系斑马鱼胚胎分为对照组、棕榈酸组(PA组)和辛伐他汀组(SIM组)。从3 dpf(days post fertilization, dpf)开始,PA组、SIM组给予PA造模。从5 dpf开始,SIM组给予SIM连续给药4 d。9 dpf通过钙黄绿素染色法、尼罗红染色法、甘油三酯及总胆固醇含量测定、q-PCR判断模型是否成功建立。结果 PA显著减少斑马鱼椎骨骨节数目、促进脂质堆积、增加甘油三酯及总胆固醇含量、促进成脂相关基因PPARγ、c/EBPα的表达并抑制成骨相关基因ALP、RUNX2的表达。SIM可以改善PA对斑马鱼的骨形成抑制效应。结论 采用PA给药的方法可成功造成与骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)病理过程相似的脂毒性损伤骨形成抑制模型,该方法简便、灵敏、可控,可用于OP及相关疾病的药物筛选。

板栗PAT基因家族成员鉴定及不同胁迫响应分析

【目的】鉴定和分析板栗PAT基因家族及其对不同胁迫的响应,探究板栗PAT基因家族的抗逆功能。【方法】在板栗全基因组水平上进行搜索和鉴定板栗PAT基因家族成员,利用生物信息学方法研究其系统发育进化树、基因结构和motif、蛋白理化性质、染色体定位、共线性和启动子顺式元件等。以燕山红栗为试验材料,分析盐胁迫、抗病胁迫和干旱胁迫处理对板栗PAT基因家族表达模式的影响。【结果】在板栗基因组中共鉴定出包含DHHC结构域的21个PAT基因家族成员,他们与24个AtPAT基因家族成员共聚集为6个亚组;大多数CmPAT家族成员为具有亲水性的碱性稳定蛋白;21个PAT基因家族成员不均匀地分布在板栗的9条染色体上;在CmPAT基因启动子区域鉴定到多种非生物胁迫及激素响应元件;表达模式分析表明,多个CmPAT基因不同程度地参与抗病、干旱、盐胁迫响应。【结论】共鉴定了21个板栗PAT基因家族成员,同时筛选到CmPAT24、CmPAT7、CmPAT14可能共同参与了盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的调控,CmPAT7可能共同参与盐胁迫、干旱胁迫、抗病胁迫的调控。

直接法合成棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠的催化剂筛选和反应动力学

N-酰基氨基酸型表面活性剂具有优良的表面活性、安全性和生物降解性,广泛应用于日化、医药和食品等领域。以棕榈酸和N-甲基牛磺酸钠为原料经直接法合成棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠,对比分析了金属氧化物、金属氯化物和硼酸系催化剂对棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠合成反应的影响,筛选出适宜的催化剂,并进行反应动力学研究。结果表明,2-氯苯硼酸可有效催化棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠的合成反应,当2-氯苯硼酸质量为棕榈酸质量的4%时,棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠的收率达到97.5%,选择性达到98.4%。在棕榈酸过量的情况下,反应活化能为68.0 kJ/mol,指前因子为1.6×10^(10 )h^(−1)。

固定化脂肪酶ANL-MARE催化酸解合成1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯

1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯(OPL)是人乳中主要的脂质组成,为满足婴幼儿配方食品母乳化需求,该试验探究了新型固定化脂肪酶ANL-MARE催化制备OPL的方法。试验成功制备和表征了固定化酶ANLMARE,并以ANL-MARE为生物催化剂,建立了一种用三棕榈酸甘油三酯(PPP)、油酸(OA)和亚油酸(LA)高效酶催化制备富含OPL结构脂的方法。经单因素和响应面试验优化,获得OPL最优合成工艺为:PPP与总脂肪酸的摩尔比1:14.27,OA与LA摩尔比为1:0.76,脂肪酶添加量12.70%,反应温度50℃,反应4 h,此条件下产物中OPL相对含量为47.93%,2位棕榈酸(sn-2 PA)占总棕榈酸(PA)的质量分数(sn-2 PA相对含量)为71.69%。此外,固定化酶ANL-MARE与商业脂肪酶相比,表现出较好的催化合成OPL的活性。综上所述,固定化酶ANL-MARE具有催化制备OPL结构脂的重大潜力,为人乳脂替代脂的高效制备提供了新策略和理论基础。

胃腺癌患者血浆脂肪酸组分变化及其对临床分期的预测效能

目的 比较不同临床分期胃腺癌患者的血浆脂肪酸占比,探讨差异脂肪酸对胃腺癌临床分期的预测效能。方法 选择行开放或微创胃腺癌根治性切除手术并经术后病理证实的胃腺癌患者40例,根据第8版美国癌症联合会(AJCC)的临床病理分期标准分为早期组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)21例、中晚期组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)19例。两组术前采用气相色谱法检测血浆脂肪酸占比,绘制两组间比较有差异的血浆脂肪酸预测临床分期的ROC曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析其预测价值。结果 按照长短来分:早期组血浆短链脂肪酸(SCFA)、中链脂肪酸(MCFA)、长链脂肪酸(LCFA)占比分别为0.13%(0.04%, 0.53%)、1.66%(0.16%, 2.41%)、96.93%(92.20%, 99.66%),中晚期组分别为0.49%(0.14%, 0.91%)、1.88%(0.24%, 3.52%)、95.64%(93.72%, 98.51%),两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。按照结构来分:两组血浆饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及PUFA中的Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(Ω-3PUFA)、Ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸(Ω-6PUFA)占比比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);中晚期组血浆SFA中的棕榈酸(PA,C16:0)占比高于早期组,Ω-3PUFA的α-亚麻酸(ALA,C18:3n3)占比低于早期组(P均<0.05);两组其他血浆脂肪酸占比比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。血浆PA、ALA单独及联合预测胃腺癌分期的AUC及95%CI分别为0.697(0.534~0.860)、0.703(0.528~0.878)、0.797(0.657~0.937),敏感度分别为58.0%、66.7%、63.2%,特异度分别为76.0%、84.2%、90.5%。结论 中晚期胃腺癌患者血浆PA占比高于早期患者、ALA占比低于早期患者,二者联合检测有助于术前判断胃腺癌患者的临床分期。

抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯对植物油的抗氧化作用

旨在为酶法和化学法抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(L-AP)在植物油中的应用提供参考,并为家庭储存植物油的方法提供建议,以酸值和过氧化值为指标,模拟家庭储存条件,分别考察低温(20℃)避光、常温(25℃)曝光、高温(60℃)避光,满瓶或半瓶等条件下两种L-AP对菜籽油的抗氧化效果,并与叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、维生素E(V_(E))和脂溶性茶多酚等抗氧化剂进行比较,采用Rancimat法测定添加不同抗氧化剂的菜籽油、大豆油、棕榈油和亚麻籽油的氧化诱导时间。结果表明:酶法L-AP和化学法L-AP对植物油的抗氧化作用相似,且抗氧化能力与脂溶性茶多酚相当,强于V_(E)。植物油在低温(20℃)避光、满瓶条件下储存,其酸值、过氧化值随时间变化最小。综上,酶法L-AP和化学法LAP均可有效延缓植物油氧化,推荐消费者优先选用添加有符合国标的抗氧化剂的小包装植物油产品,并储存于低温避光的环境中。