随着无线电技术的发展,射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)对射电天文观测的影响越来越大,尤其是周期性RFI对天文观测的影响越来越显著。本文围绕宽带、高时间分辨率频谱数据,采用阈值计算、噪声通道过滤、快速傅里叶变换、周...随着无线电技术的发展,射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)对射电天文观测的影响越来越大,尤其是周期性RFI对天文观测的影响越来越显著。本文围绕宽带、高时间分辨率频谱数据,采用阈值计算、噪声通道过滤、快速傅里叶变换、周期计算、通道合并、来源分析和模板库建立等步骤,提出一种面向宽带频谱序列的周期RFI统计方法。将该方法应用于新疆天文台南山观测站26 m射电望远镜(Nan Shan 26 m Radio Telescope,NSRT)脉冲星观测终端数据,有效地检测并提取出了频谱序列中的周期性RFI,可为进一步电磁干扰缓解提供数据支撑。展开更多
射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)对L波段综合孔径辐射计遥感数据造成了严重污染,降低了产品质量。RFI检测定位是处理RFI的关键步骤。传统的基于亮温图像的定位算法受到仪器角分辨率的限制,无法有效分离相邻的RFI。为了实现...射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)对L波段综合孔径辐射计遥感数据造成了严重污染,降低了产品质量。RFI检测定位是处理RFI的关键步骤。传统的基于亮温图像的定位算法受到仪器角分辨率的限制,无法有效分离相邻的RFI。为了实现更高的空间分辨率,基于子空间分解技术的多信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)算法被提出。然而,当亮温图像的信噪比较低时,背景和噪声对子空间分解的准确性影响较大,进而降低了MUSIC算法的定位性能。文章通过结合亮温图像和子空间分解两种方法的优点,提出了一种融合改进定位方法。该方法通过在亮温图像域中消除背景场景、增强目标射频干扰,2次提高了图像信噪比,在频域中,利用子空间分解和MUSIC算法实现超分辨率和高精度定位。通过对土壤湿度和海洋盐度(soil moisture and ocean salinity,SMOS)卫星数据进行实验和仿真验证,证明了文章提出的方法在低信噪比情况下优于传统的MUSIC算法和基于亮温的定位算法。此外,在对多个弱RFI源的定位上,该方法的定位精度也优于基于点源波纹的弱RFI检测定位算法。展开更多
High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for ...High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for calculating highvertical-resolution wind vectors excessively smooths the data, resulting in significant underestimation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utilization of the data. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utilizes the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMSE-F(root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a sliding second-order polynomial fitting is utilized to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning System and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation Sounding System. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations.展开更多
冷湖地区因干旱少雨、晴天数多、云量覆盖少等特点,引起了天文学家的高度关注。2018年开始在冷湖赛什腾山开展光学视宁度测量,几年测量结果表明赛什腾山光学台址特性可比肩世界著名光学台址。为进一步了解赛什腾天文台址的电磁环境特性...冷湖地区因干旱少雨、晴天数多、云量覆盖少等特点,引起了天文学家的高度关注。2018年开始在冷湖赛什腾山开展光学视宁度测量,几年测量结果表明赛什腾山光学台址特性可比肩世界著名光学台址。为进一步了解赛什腾天文台址的电磁环境特性,开展了无人值守无线电干扰RFI(Radio Frequency Interference)测量设备的研制以及在赛什腾山天文台址的电磁环境监测。文章主要介绍基于研制的0.1~18 GHz频段RFI测量系统,在冷湖赛什腾山天文台址规划D点(海拔4055 m)开展为期超过一年的RFI测量,以及测量结果的评估。展开更多
Multichannel high-resolution and wide-swath(HRWS)imaging is an advanced digital beamforming technique for future synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems.However,radio frequency interference(RFI)is a critical concern for ...Multichannel high-resolution and wide-swath(HRWS)imaging is an advanced digital beamforming technique for future synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems.However,radio frequency interference(RFI)is a critical concern for HRWS SAR missions,which distorts measure-ments and produces image artifacts.In this paper,the spatial cross-correlation coefficients of multichannel HRWS SAR signals are investigated for RFI detection.It is found when the two channels are correlated,RFI-polluted areas present lower coherence values than non-polluted areas in the same scenarios,which makes previous methods fail.Further,this paper studies the case of two fully decorrelated channels to maximize the coherence difference among RFI and target echoes,and RFI detection is realized by exploiting the anomaly value of coherence.Experimental results of real air-borne multichannel SAR data demonstrate that the RFI can be detected successfully.展开更多
从海量的天文观测数据中快速搜寻罕见的快速射电暴(Fast Radio Burst,FRB)事件,干扰缓解是其中一项关键而具有挑战的工作.射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference,RFI)会淹没真实的天文事件,还会导致搜寻管线输出大量的假阳性候选体.由...从海量的天文观测数据中快速搜寻罕见的快速射电暴(Fast Radio Burst,FRB)事件,干扰缓解是其中一项关键而具有挑战的工作.射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference,RFI)会淹没真实的天文事件,还会导致搜寻管线输出大量的假阳性候选体.由于干扰来源及其种类的复杂性,目前并没有一种通用的方法可以解决这个问题.为了降低干扰对FRB观测搜寻的影响,分析和研究了南山26m射电望远镜L波段观测数据中的干扰情况,针对主要的窄带干扰和宽带干扰建立了3层次的干扰缓解处理流程,从而有效缓解了观测数据的干扰污染情况.将该流程嵌入到FRB色散动态谱搜寻(Dispersed Dynamic Spectra Search,DDSS)管线中,实验结果表明,搜寻管线的检测率和检测精度得到了进一步的提高.该方法为FRB观测数据干扰缓解处理提供了有价值的参考.展开更多
文摘随着无线电技术的发展,射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)对射电天文观测的影响越来越大,尤其是周期性RFI对天文观测的影响越来越显著。本文围绕宽带、高时间分辨率频谱数据,采用阈值计算、噪声通道过滤、快速傅里叶变换、周期计算、通道合并、来源分析和模板库建立等步骤,提出一种面向宽带频谱序列的周期RFI统计方法。将该方法应用于新疆天文台南山观测站26 m射电望远镜(Nan Shan 26 m Radio Telescope,NSRT)脉冲星观测终端数据,有效地检测并提取出了频谱序列中的周期性RFI,可为进一步电磁干扰缓解提供数据支撑。
文摘射频干扰(radio frequency interference,RFI)对L波段综合孔径辐射计遥感数据造成了严重污染,降低了产品质量。RFI检测定位是处理RFI的关键步骤。传统的基于亮温图像的定位算法受到仪器角分辨率的限制,无法有效分离相邻的RFI。为了实现更高的空间分辨率,基于子空间分解技术的多信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)算法被提出。然而,当亮温图像的信噪比较低时,背景和噪声对子空间分解的准确性影响较大,进而降低了MUSIC算法的定位性能。文章通过结合亮温图像和子空间分解两种方法的优点,提出了一种融合改进定位方法。该方法通过在亮温图像域中消除背景场景、增强目标射频干扰,2次提高了图像信噪比,在频域中,利用子空间分解和MUSIC算法实现超分辨率和高精度定位。通过对土壤湿度和海洋盐度(soil moisture and ocean salinity,SMOS)卫星数据进行实验和仿真验证,证明了文章提出的方法在低信噪比情况下优于传统的MUSIC算法和基于亮温的定位算法。此外,在对多个弱RFI源的定位上,该方法的定位精度也优于基于点源波纹的弱RFI检测定位算法。
基金funded by an NSFC Major Project (Grant No. 42090033)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team “High-Value Climate Change Data Product Development and Application Services”(Grant No. CMA2023QN08)the National Meteorological Information Centre Surplus Funds Program (Grant NMICJY202310)。
文摘High-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind data are highly valuable for describing the dynamics of the meso-and microscale atmosphere. However, the current algorithm used in China's L-band radar sounding system for calculating highvertical-resolution wind vectors excessively smooths the data, resulting in significant underestimation of the calculated kinetic energy of gravity waves compared to similar products from other countries, which greatly limits the effective utilization of the data. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method to calculate high-vertical-resolution wind vectors that utilizes the elevation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range from L-band radar. In order to obtain wind data with a stable quality, a two-step automatic quality control procedure, including the RMSE-F(root-mean-square error F) test and elemental consistency test are first applied to the slant range data, to eliminate continuous erroneous data caused by unstable signals or radar malfunctions. Then, a wind calculation scheme based on a sliding second-order polynomial fitting is utilized to derive the high-vertical-resolution radiosonde wind vectors. The evaluation results demonstrate that the wind data obtained through the proposed method show a high level of consistency with the high-resolution wind data observed using the Vaisala Global Positioning System and the data observed by the new Beidou Navigation Sounding System. The calculation of the kinetic energy of gravity waves in the recalculated wind data also reaches a level comparable to the Vaisala observations.
文摘冷湖地区因干旱少雨、晴天数多、云量覆盖少等特点,引起了天文学家的高度关注。2018年开始在冷湖赛什腾山开展光学视宁度测量,几年测量结果表明赛什腾山光学台址特性可比肩世界著名光学台址。为进一步了解赛什腾天文台址的电磁环境特性,开展了无人值守无线电干扰RFI(Radio Frequency Interference)测量设备的研制以及在赛什腾山天文台址的电磁环境监测。文章主要介绍基于研制的0.1~18 GHz频段RFI测量系统,在冷湖赛什腾山天文台址规划D点(海拔4055 m)开展为期超过一年的RFI测量,以及测量结果的评估。
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(Nos.41001282,40871205,and 62271408)partly by Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.SAST2021-044)。
文摘Multichannel high-resolution and wide-swath(HRWS)imaging is an advanced digital beamforming technique for future synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems.However,radio frequency interference(RFI)is a critical concern for HRWS SAR missions,which distorts measure-ments and produces image artifacts.In this paper,the spatial cross-correlation coefficients of multichannel HRWS SAR signals are investigated for RFI detection.It is found when the two channels are correlated,RFI-polluted areas present lower coherence values than non-polluted areas in the same scenarios,which makes previous methods fail.Further,this paper studies the case of two fully decorrelated channels to maximize the coherence difference among RFI and target echoes,and RFI detection is realized by exploiting the anomaly value of coherence.Experimental results of real air-borne multichannel SAR data demonstrate that the RFI can be detected successfully.
文摘从海量的天文观测数据中快速搜寻罕见的快速射电暴(Fast Radio Burst,FRB)事件,干扰缓解是其中一项关键而具有挑战的工作.射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference,RFI)会淹没真实的天文事件,还会导致搜寻管线输出大量的假阳性候选体.由于干扰来源及其种类的复杂性,目前并没有一种通用的方法可以解决这个问题.为了降低干扰对FRB观测搜寻的影响,分析和研究了南山26m射电望远镜L波段观测数据中的干扰情况,针对主要的窄带干扰和宽带干扰建立了3层次的干扰缓解处理流程,从而有效缓解了观测数据的干扰污染情况.将该流程嵌入到FRB色散动态谱搜寻(Dispersed Dynamic Spectra Search,DDSS)管线中,实验结果表明,搜寻管线的检测率和检测精度得到了进一步的提高.该方法为FRB观测数据干扰缓解处理提供了有价值的参考.
