Identification of novel mammalian viruses in tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

The Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic systems.These similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health conditions.Herein,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic viruses.In total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and Spinareoviridae.Notably,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first time.Three viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(<70%)with previously reported viruses at the whole-genome scale,indicating novelty.Conversely,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral strains.Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel reassortants.These findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive Chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the social structure of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in Xiamen waters from 2007 to 2019

As highly social animals,Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)exhibit community differentiation.Nevertheless,our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics,as well as their spatiotemporal variations,is still limited.In the present study,variations in the social structure of an endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in Xiamen Bay,China,were monitored over two distinct periods(2007–2010 and 2017–2019)to analyze the effects of habitat utilization and the composition of individuals within the population.In both periods,the population demonstrated a strikingly similar pattern of social differentiation,characterized by the division of individuals into two main clusters and one small cluster.Spatially,the two primary clusters occupied the eastern and western waters,respectively,although the core distribution area of the eastern cluster shifted further eastward between the two periods.Despite this distribution shift,the temporal stability of the social structure and inter-associations within the eastern cluster remained unaffected.A subset of 16individuals observed in both periods,comprising 51.6%and 43.2%of the population in each respective period,emerged as a foundational element of the social structure and may be responsible for sustaining social structure stability,especially during the 2007–2010 period.These observations suggest that the composition of dominant individuals,an internal factor,had a more substantial influence on the formation of the social network than changes in habitat use,an external factor.Consequently,the study proposes distinct conservation measures tailored to each of the two main clusters.

Lignans are the main active components of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus for liver disease treatment:a review

As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus(SC)has been used in medicine and food industry due to its health care and therapeutic effects.Over the past 20 years,the use of SC and its active ingredient lignans in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases has been increasing,and their hepatoprotective effects has increased the interest of the public and academia.Therefore,in the present work,we first determined the effectiveness of SC in the treatment of liver diseases such as metabolic associated fatty liver disease,alcoholic liver disease,cholestatic liver disease and acute liver injury.Subsequently,the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of lignans,the active components of SC,for liver disease treatment were comprehensively summarized for the first time.The results showed that the lignans in SC could achieve hepatoprotective effects by regulating lipid metabolism,anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and regulating bile acid metabolism.The mechanism mainly involved adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase,endoplasmic reticulum stress,sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c,autophagy,transforming growth factor-β,mitogen-activated protein kinase,microRNA,nuclear factor kappa-B,nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2,heat shock proteins and pregnane X receptor signaling pathways.These results can lay a scientific foundation for the development of hepatoprotective drugs or functional foods from SC/lignans.

Allotetraploidization event of Coptis chinensis shared by all Ranunculales

Coptis chinensis Franch.,also named Chinese goldthread is a member of Ranunculaceae in the order Ranunculales and represents an important lineage of early eudicots with traditional medicinal value.In our study,by using syntenic analysis combined with phylogenomic analysis of C.chinensis and four other representative genomes from basal and core eudicots,we confirmed that the WGD event in C.chinensis was shared by Aquilegia coerulea and Papaver somniferum L.and quickly occurred after Ranunculales diverged from other eudicots,likely a Ranunculales common tetraploidization(RCT).The synonymous nucleotide substitutions at synonymous sites distribution of syntenic blocks across these genomes showed that the evolutionary rate of the P.somniferum genome is faster than that of the C.chinensis genome by approximately 13.7%,possibly due to Papaveraceaes having an additional special tetraploidization event(PST).After Ks correction,the RCT dated to 115—130 million years ago(MYA),which was close to the divergence of Ranunculaceaes and Papaveraceaes approximately115.45—130.51 MYA.Moreover,we identified homologous genes related to polyploidization and speciation and constructed multiple sequence alignments with different reference genomes.Notably,the event-related subgenomes in the basal genomes all showed genomic fractionation bias,suggesting a likely allopolyploid nature of the RCT,PST and T-Alpha and T-Beta events in Tetracentron sinense.In addition,we detected that the sixteen P450 subfamilies were markedly expanded in the genomes of Ranunculales,and most of them were related to the RCT and PST events.We constructed a new platform for Early Eudicot Comparative Genomic Research(http://www.cgrpoee.top/index.html)to store more information.In summary,our findings support the WGD of C.chinensis shared by Ranunculales,which is likely an allotetraploidization event.This present effort offered new insights into the evolution of key polyploidization events and the genes related to secondary metabolites during the diversification of early eudicots.

Parent-offspring relationship recognition based on SSR and mtDNA confirmed resource supplement effect of Fenneropenaeus chinensis release

The resource of Fenneropenaeus chinensis has declined sharply due to excessive fishing intensity,ecological changes and diseases.In order to supplement the fishing yield and restore resources of F.chinensis,the relevant authorities have carried out the activities of stock enhancement and releasing.It can increase biomass and recover resources.However,compared with increasing biomass,there were still few reports on its effect on the recovery of resources.Resource recovery is a process related to whether the released individuals can form a reproductive population.Up to now,there has been a lack of evidence whether the released F.chinensis can complete the entire life history,and form reproduction population.In this study,gravid female shrimp after spawning migration were captured from coastal waters of Haiyang,Qingdao,and Yellow Sea.After identifying parentage relationships using simple sequence repeat(SSR)and mtDNA haplotype,it was finally confirmed that there were eight released individuals in the recapture samples.It was confirmed for the first time that at least part of the released F.chinensis can complete overwintering and reproductive migration,and maintain the migration habits as their wild counterparts.Therefore,we infered that the released shrimp can reproduce under natural conditions,these F.chinensis can form reproductive populations theoretically if without human intervention.These results indicated that enhancenment and release activities have a positive effect on resource recovery.

Summer Warming Limited Bud Output Drives a Decline in Daughter Shoot Biomass through Reduced Photosynthetis of Parent Shoots in Leymus chinensis Seedlings

Understanding how summer warming influences the parent and daughter shoot production in a perennial clonal grass is vital for comprehending the response of grassland productivity to global warming.Here,we conducted a simulated experiment using potted Leymus chinensis,to study the relationship between the photosynthetic activ-ity of parent shoots and the production of daughter shoots under a whole(90 days)summer warming scenario(+3°C).The results showed that the biomass of parents and buds decreased by 25.52%and 33.45%,respectively,under warming conditions.The reduction in parent shoot biomass due to warming directly resulted from decreased leaf area(18.03%),chlorophyll a(18.27%),chlorophyll b(29.21%)content,as well as a reduction in net photosynthetic rate(7.32%)and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II(PSII)photochemistry(4.29%).The decline in daughter shoot biomass was linked to a decrease in daughter shoot number(33.33%)by warming.However,the number of belowground buds increased by 46.43%.The results indicated that long-term summer warming reduces biomass accumulation in parent shoot by increasing both limitation of stoma and non-stoma.Consequently,the parent shoot allocates relatively more biomass to the belowground organs to maintain the survival and growth of buds.Overall,buds,as a potential aboveground population,could remedy for the cur-rent loss of parent shoot density by increasing the number of future daughter shoots if summer warming subsides.

Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking revealed the potential targets of Coridius chinensis in prostate cancer treatment

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer(PCa)has high morbidity and mortality rates in elderly men.With a history of thousands of years,traditional Chinese medicine derived from insects could be an important source for developing cancer-targeted drugs to prevent tumorigenesis,enhance therapeutic effects,and reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis.Multiple studies have shown that Coridius chinensis(Cc)has anticancer effects.AIM To elucidate the mechanism of action of Cc against PCa via network pharma-cology and molecular docking.METHODS Potential targets for Cc and PCa were predicted using ChemDraw 19.0 software,the PharmMapper database and the GeneCards database.Then,the STRING database was used to construct the protein–protein interaction network.Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment and molecular docking analyses were subsequently conducted to identify the key targets,active ingredients and pathways involved.RESULTS GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was the critical pathway(P value<1.0×10-8).Multiple targeting ingredients that can affect multiple pathways in PCa have been identified in Cc.Seven active compounds(asponguanosines A,asponguanine B,asponguanine C,aspong-pyrazine A,N-acetyldopamine,aspongadenine B and aspongpyrazine B)were selected for molecular docking with 9 potential targets,and the results revealed that aspongpyrazine A and asponguanosine A are the main components by which Cc affects PCa(affinity<-5 kcal/mol,hydrogen bonding),but more studies are needed.CONCLUSION We used network pharmacology to predict the bioactive components and important targets of Cc for the treatment of PCa,supporting the development of Cc as a natural anticancer agent.

The mechanism of Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds in the treatment of diabetes using network pharmacology and molecular docking

The purpose of this project is used for exploring the mechanism of Callistephus chinensis in the treatment of diabetes by network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.The target of Callistephus chinensis was obtained from SwissTargetPrediction database,while the target related to diabetes was obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases.The target was added in String database to build the protein interaction network.GO biological process enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by Metascape software,then the target-pathway network was constructed.Molecular docking was carried out in Discovery Studio 2016 Client software to verify the binding force of Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds with key targets.In this study,10 potential active components were selected from the flavonoid monomer compounds of Callistephus chinensis.1847 biological processes(BP),126 cell compositions(CC)and 256 molecular functions(MF)were obtained by GO enrichment analysis;a total of 194 pathways were involved in KEGG enrichment analysis of 192 cross targets.Network analysis showed that quercetin was the main active component of flavonoids in the treatment of diabetes,AKT1,TNF,VEGFA,EGFR,SRC and other related signals were in relation to the treatment of diabetes.This study showed that Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds play a role in the treatment of diabetes by regulating multi-target and multi-pathway.

油茶象甲Curculio chinensis基因组Survey测序分析

油茶象甲Curculio chinensis Chevrolat是危害中国特有木本油料树种——油茶的专性蛀果害虫,也是中国林业危险性有害生物之一,在中国不同油茶产区均有分布,对油茶的为害呈加重趋势。为了深入研究其遗传基础和寄主适应性,确定适合鞘翅目象甲科基因组测序研究策略,首先采取Survey测序,之后做深度基因组测序和大规模种群测序。研究采用二代高通量测序技术(MGISEQ-2000),测定了油茶象甲基因组大小,并估计该物种基因组的杂合度、重复率和GC含量。结果显示:油茶象甲基因组大小约为1356.82 Mb,测序深度达到50×;K-mer分析油茶象甲基因组虽然具有杂合峰,但杂合率较低,为1.20%;基因组重复序列含量约为77%。该研究结果对于揭示油茶象甲适应性进化具有重要意义,可为后续构建完整基因组和多种群基因组测序提供策略选择依据。

缺血性脑卒中铁死亡特征基因NFE2L2的鉴定与验证

背景:铁死亡与缺血性脑卒中的发病密切相关,靶向铁死亡是一种治疗缺血性脑卒中有前景的方案,但具体调控靶点尚不明确。目的:通过生物信息学和机器学习方法筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡相关特征基因,并通过细胞实验进行验证,探讨铁死亡在缺血性脑卒中的作用。方法:基于GEO数据库和FerrDb数据库选取符合条件的缺血性脑卒中相关数据集和铁死亡表达数据集,通过t检验筛选铁死亡相关差异基因。对铁死亡相关差异基因进行GO功能富集分析与KEGG信号通路富集分析。通过PPI网络分析和机器学习筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡的特征基因,利用ROC分析和GSEA分析探究特征基因的准确性和生物功能。然后进行细胞实验,将HT22细胞分为对照组与缺血性脑卒中组,对照组不作任何干预,缺血性脑卒中组加入0.1 mol/L的H_(2)O_(2)干预24 h诱导细胞氧化应激和铁死亡,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Western Blot验证铁死亡的发生和特征基因表达。结果与结论:(1)共获取45个铁死亡相关差异基因,GO和KEGG富集分析发现差异基因与氧化应激、自噬、铁死亡、脂肪细胞因子信号通路和线粒体代谢密切相关。(2)通过PPI网络中的MCODE插件和cytoHubba插件与机器学习中的LASSO算法和SVM-RFE算法共鉴定出1个铁死亡特征基因核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,NFE2L2)。(3)对NFE2L2进行ROC曲线分析,发现在训练集和验证集中构建的诊断预测模型具有良好的准确性与特异性;对NFE2L2进行GSEA分析,发现特征基因通过免疫、炎症反应、氨基酸代谢及神经因子调控等方面参与缺血性脑卒中发病机制的调控。(4)细胞实验的RT-PCR和Western Blot分析表明,与对照组对比,缺血性脑卒中组中的酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组对比,缺血性脑卒中组中特征基因NFE2L2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05)。(5)上述结果证实,缺血性脑卒中与铁死亡密切相关,靶向特征基因NFE2L2可以为研究和治疗缺血性脑卒中提供一定的思路与方向。

Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes.As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics.We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules.To investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates.In sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs,suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability.This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in i Neurons.Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies.

载富血小板血浆水凝胶对L929细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

背景:在慢性创面愈合过程中,活性氧的过量生成可能会损害L929成纤维细胞的功能,从而延缓创面修复,因此保护成纤维细胞免受氧化应激的影响对于促进创面愈合非常重要。目的:评估羧甲基壳聚糖-氧化硫酸软骨素/富血小板血浆(CMC-OCS/PRP)水凝胶对H2O2刺激下L929细胞的保护作用。方法:制备CMC-OCS/PRP水凝胶,表征水凝胶的微观形貌、降解性能、清除H2O2与羟基自由基的能力及生物相容性。取生长状态良好的L929细胞,分5组培养:对照组常规培养,H2O2组加入H2O2,CMC-OCS组加入羧甲基壳聚糖-氧化硫酸软骨素水凝胶浸提液+H2O2,PRP组加入富血小板血浆凝胶浸提液+H2O2,CMC-OCS/PRP组加入羧甲基壳聚糖-氧化硫酸软骨素/富血小板血浆水凝胶浸提液处理+H2O2,每组先加入水凝胶浸提液处理6 h,然后再加入H2O2处理24 h。培养结束后,检测细胞活性氧及丙二醛水平,细胞凋亡、胶原纤维Ⅰ蛋白表达。在加入H2O2的情况下,将上述水凝胶浸提液分别与L929成纤维细胞直接或间接共培养36 h,通过划痕实验、Transwell小室实验检测细胞的迁移能力。结果与结论:①CMC-OCS/PRP水凝胶具有均匀相互关联的多孔结构及良好的降解能力,体外可有效清除H2O2与羟基自由基,并且具有良好的生物相容性;②与对照组比较,H2O2组细胞凋亡率、细胞活性氧与丙二醛水平升高(P<0.05),细胞铺展面积减少(P<0.05),胶原纤维Ⅰ蛋白表达无明显变化(P>0.05);与H2O2组比较,CMC-OCS组、CMC-OCS/PRP组细胞活性氧水平降低(P<0.05),PRP组、CMC-OCS组、CMCOCS/PRP组丙二醛水平降低(P<0.05)、细胞铺展面积增加(P<0.05),CMC-OCS/PRP组细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05),PRP组、CMC-OCS组、CMCOCS/PRP组胶原纤维Ⅰ蛋白表达增加(P<0.05);③与对照组比较,H2O2组细胞迁移数量减少(P<0.05),迁移面积无明显变化(P>0.05);与H2O2组比较,PRP组、CMC-OCS组、CMC-OCS/PRP组细胞迁移数量、迁移面积均增加(P<0.05),并且以CMC-OCS/PRP组增加最显著;④在氧化应激条件下,CMC-OCS/PRP水凝胶可改善成纤维细胞的迁移能力,抗细胞凋亡并保护细胞伸展功能。

Recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 alleviates learning and memory impairments via M2 microglia polarization in postoperative cognitive dysfunction mice

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of patients.To date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive dysfunction.The identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future research.To identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial fracture.The dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub gene.Therefore,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re surgery.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests.In addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western blotting.Treatment with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expression compared with vehicle treatment.Intraperitoneal administration of the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 diminished the effects of recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1.Collectively,our findings suggest that recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 ameliorates surgery-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation via M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus.Therefore,recombinant chitinase-3-like protein1 may have therapeutic potential fo r postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Most of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely males.Many of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA expression.Only five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to controls.The microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of adults.Several important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

濒危植物夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)的开花物候与传粉成功

野外定点观测了夏蜡梅在3个群体的开花物候进程,分别计算了结实率和结籽率,并分析了始花日和开花同步性等开花物候指数对其传粉成功的影响,还进一步从个体水平分析了开花时间对传粉成功的影响。结果如下:夏蜡梅的花期在5月上旬到6月下旬,开花物候参数在不同群体间存在较明显的差异,而各群体的开花进程均呈明显的"单峰型",且开花同步性高,为"大量开花模式"。群体内各开花物候参数与传粉成功相关性不明显;群体间开花物候参数中的始花日和开花中值日与结实率呈极显著的负相关,终花日与结实率和结籽率分别呈极显著和显著的负相关。个体水平不同开花时间对结实率有着显著影响(F=15.960,df=3,P<0.01),而对结籽率影响不大(F=2.358,df=3,P=0.073)。相同海拔高度小生境不同对夏蜡梅的传粉成功影响不大,但不同海拔高度对夏蜡梅的传粉成功影响显著。作为一种濒危物种,夏蜡梅这种"集中开花模式"可以吸引更多的传粉昆虫,有助于其获得更多的传粉成功,但增加了其花粉在个体内及邻近个体间的传递,不利于花粉在群体间的扩散,而导致了一定程度的自交和近交衰退,这可能是夏蜡梅群体遗传变异性低、遗传分化明显及濒危的一个原因。

铬胁迫对青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)植物螯合肽含量及抗氧化特性的影响

选用不同耐铬胁迫青菜品种春油1号和青伏令,采用不同浓度Cr3+处理,测定青菜抗氧化酶活性及植物螯合肽含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着Cr3+处理浓度升高,两种青菜叶片抗氧化酶活性、酸溶性SH、植物螯合肽(PCs)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈增加趋势(P<0.05),高浓度Cr3(+300 mg.L-1)处理下,耐铬胁迫较弱的青伏令叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照增加了24.2%、41.7%、21.4%,耐铬胁迫较强的春油1号分别比对照增加了37.2%、70.7%、43.0%,并且PCs含量是对照的3.17倍,明显高于耐铬胁迫较弱品种青伏令(1.71倍)。Cr3+处理下耐铬胁迫较强的青菜品种春油1号表现出相对较高的抗氧化酶活力及非酶物质含量,不同品种青菜对铬胁迫的生理差异较大。

Genetic Structure of Three Populations of Oxya chinensis in Shanxi,China

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to analyze genetic structure of three populations of Oxya chinensis from Shanxi Province,China.Four allozyme polymorphic loci (MDH-1,MDH-2,LDH,ME) were found.The data suggest that two populations of O.chinensis about 41 kilometers apart are genetically similar,but differentiated from the third population with a geographic distance of 357 kilometers.However,the heterozygosity levels of those two genetically similar populations were much different.The Nei's genetic distance between two geographically close populations is 0.068,which is much smaller than those of geographically distant populations (0.23 in average).The observed overlap of geographical distance and genetic distance implies that for O.chinensis population divergence may correlate with geographic isolation.

Studies on Anesthetic Effect of Eugenol on Juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis

[Objective] The aim of the study is to seek a good anesthetic to Fenneropenaeus chinensis. [Method] The anesthetic effect of eugenol to juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis was investigated. [Result] The juveniles could be effectively anaesthetized by 50-400 mg/L eugenol aqueous solution with temperature of 24 ℃. Within the concentration range of 50-400 mg/L, the increase of the eugenol concentration could shorten the time required for anesthesia, meanwhile could prolong the time for recovery. The recovered rate of prawn reached 100% when the eugenol concentration was lower than 200 mg/L, while the recovered rate of prawn was just 66.67% when the eugenol concentration was higher than 400 mg/L. The survival rate of prawns in test group was 100% from the observation of three consecutive days. For the specific dose, the anesthetic effect enhanced with the increase of water temperature (18-27℃). [Conclusion] Eugenol is a safe and efficient anesthetics that can be applied in genetic breeding of prawn.

AFLP Variation Analysis on the Germplasm Resources of Leymus chinensis

The fingerprints of 27 Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel accessions from different regions in China were generated and their genomic DNA variations were assayed via amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 537 DNA fragments were amplified ranging from 75-530 bp using 8 AFLP primer combinations, among which 89 (16.6%) were monomorphic and 329 (61.3%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band produced by each primer combination was 66.13 and the total polymorphic rate was 78.84%. PICs (polymorphic information contents) scores for AFLP ranged from 0.0-0.5 and the mean PIC was 0.216. PIC scores were maximum (0.5) for 8.5% of the AFLP markers. All the results revealed that there was rich polymorphism in genomic DNA of L. chinensis . A DNA molecular dendrogram was established for 27 L. chinensis genotypes based on genetic variation and UPGMA cluster analysis of 537 AFLP markers amplified by 8 primer combination, suggesting that the genetic variation with high frequency showed close correlation with their ecotopes and geographical distributions. Twenty_seven L. chinensis genotypes could be divided into four groups. Among them the lower genetic relationship was shown. The reason of high genetic variation frequency in L. chinensis species and formation of varieties was discussed.

铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长的影响及累积效应研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了Cu、Zn重金属污染对油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长、SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及Cu、Zn在油菜体内吸收富集的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zn污染对油菜生物量和生理生化指标(SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖)均有影响。随着Cu、Zn质量分数的升高,植株干物重和SOD保护酶活性表现为先增后降;当Cu质量分数达到1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降36.79%、66.67%;当Zn质量分数达到3 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降55.21%、82.05%。Cu污染下,油菜叶片脯氨酸质量分数逐渐下降,总可溶性糖质量分数表现为先增后降;Zn污染下,脯氨酸和总可溶性糖质量分数均表现为先增后降。Cu、Zn污染使油菜幼苗叶片及根中的Cu、Zn质量分数明显增加,根部的积累尤其明显。当Cu处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为57.6、424.162 mg?kg-1;当Zn处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为240、608.54 mg?kg-1。与Zn相比,Cu主要积累在油菜的根部,向茎叶迁移累积的量很少,并且随着添加质量分数的增加,茎叶吸收Cu的量变化不大。总之,重金属Zn相对于Cu更容易积累于油菜的地上部分,从而更易进入食物链,它们在油菜体内富集都对其生理生化和营养产生了明显毒害作用。