Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 exists in vivo as quasispecies, and one of the genome's characteristics is its diversity. During the antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance is the main obstacle to effective vi...Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 exists in vivo as quasispecies, and one of the genome's characteristics is its diversity. During the antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance is the main obstacle to effective viral prevention. Understanding the molecular evolution process is fundamental to analyze the mechanism of drug resistance and develop a strategy to minimize resistance. Objective: The molecular evolution of drug resistance of one patient who had received reverse transcriptase inhibitors for a long time and had treatment which replaced Nevirapine with Indinavir was analyzed, with the aim of observing the drug resistance evolution pathway. Methods: The patient, XLF, was followed-up for six successive times. The viral populations were amplified and sequenced by single-genome amplification. All the sequences were submitted to the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for the analysis of genotypic drug resistance. Results: 149 entire protease and 171 entire reverse transcriptase sequences were obtained from these samples, and all sequences were identified as subtype B. Before the patient received Indinavir, the viral population only had some polymorphisms in the protease sequences. After the patient began Indinavir treatment, the variants carrying polymorphisms declined while variants carrying the secondary mutation G73S gained the advantage. As therapy was prolonged, G73S was combined with M46I/L90M to form a resistance pattern M46I/G73S/L90M, which then became the dominant population. 97.9% of variants had the M46I/G73S/L90M pattern at XLF6. During the emergence of protease inhibitors resistance, reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance maintained high levels. Conclusion: Indinavirresistance evolution was observed by single-genome amplification. During the course of changing the regimen to incorporate Indinavir, the G73S mutation occurred and was combined with M46I/L90M.展开更多
目的:研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) RP1-90L14.1对前列腺癌LNCaP细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用以及对GRIN2A、BACE2基因表达的影响。方法:采用RT-PCR检测前列腺癌LNCaP、LNCaP-AI细胞中RP1-90L14.1的表达水平;在LNCaP细胞中瞬时转染RP1-90L1...目的:研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) RP1-90L14.1对前列腺癌LNCaP细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用以及对GRIN2A、BACE2基因表达的影响。方法:采用RT-PCR检测前列腺癌LNCaP、LNCaP-AI细胞中RP1-90L14.1的表达水平;在LNCaP细胞中瞬时转染RP1-90L14.1过表达质粒和载体质粒,即转染RP1-90L14.1实验组(LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组)和转染阴性对照组(LNCaP-NC组);采用普通培养液和活性炭吸附无酚红培养液培养两组细胞;CCK-8法、Transwell法检测两组细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力;RT-PCR和Western印迹检测两组细胞中N-甲基-D-天氡氨酸离子型谷氨酸受体2A(GRIN2A)、β位点淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶2 (BACE2) mRNA和蛋白表达含量变化。结果:RP1-90L14.1在LNCaP-AI中的表达量显著高于LNCaP细胞(8.49±0.43 vs 2.53±0.95,P<0.05)。转染RP1-90L14.1后,LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组RP1-90L14.1表达量显著高于LNCaP-NC组(0.71±0.22 vs 0.02±0.01,P<0.05);在普通培养液和活性炭吸附无酚红培养液中,培养72 h时,LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组细胞活性分别高出LNCaP-NC组51.95%(1.22±0.08 vs 0.08±0.05,P<0.05)和50.69%(0.79±0.02 vs 0.53±0.05,P<0.05);培养96 h时,LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组分别高出LNCaP-NC组51.72%(1.72±0.07 vs 1.13±0.05,P<0.05)和60.23%(1.18±0.05 vs 0.73±0.08,P<0.05)。转染RP1-90L14.1后,在普通培养液和活性炭吸附无酚红培养液中,细胞迁移能力LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组均显著高于LNCaP-NC组[(682.0±42.7)个vs(422.0±37.1)个,(419.0±42.9)个vs(251.0±25.9)个,P<0.05];细胞侵袭能力LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组也均显著高于LNCaP-NC组[(507.0±22.2)个vs(274.0±19.6)个,(352.0±14.1)个vs(216.0±14.3)个,P<0.05]。LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组与LNCaP-NC组相比,GRIN2A mRNA和蛋白表达量(5.13±0.89、2.09±0.54,5.88±0.29、2.03±0.22),BACE2 mRNA和蛋白表达量(5.82±0.50、2.53±0.30,4.89±0.19、3.37±0.13)均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:lncRNA RP1-90L14.1可能在调控前列腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭行为中起重要作用;RP1-90L14.1能促进GRIN2A、BACE2的表达;RP1-90L14.1与GRIN2A、BACE2可能存在内源性竞争关系。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830088 and 30800938)The National Key and Special Projects on Major Infectious Disease Grant (2008 ZX10001-004)
文摘Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 exists in vivo as quasispecies, and one of the genome's characteristics is its diversity. During the antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance is the main obstacle to effective viral prevention. Understanding the molecular evolution process is fundamental to analyze the mechanism of drug resistance and develop a strategy to minimize resistance. Objective: The molecular evolution of drug resistance of one patient who had received reverse transcriptase inhibitors for a long time and had treatment which replaced Nevirapine with Indinavir was analyzed, with the aim of observing the drug resistance evolution pathway. Methods: The patient, XLF, was followed-up for six successive times. The viral populations were amplified and sequenced by single-genome amplification. All the sequences were submitted to the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for the analysis of genotypic drug resistance. Results: 149 entire protease and 171 entire reverse transcriptase sequences were obtained from these samples, and all sequences were identified as subtype B. Before the patient received Indinavir, the viral population only had some polymorphisms in the protease sequences. After the patient began Indinavir treatment, the variants carrying polymorphisms declined while variants carrying the secondary mutation G73S gained the advantage. As therapy was prolonged, G73S was combined with M46I/L90M to form a resistance pattern M46I/G73S/L90M, which then became the dominant population. 97.9% of variants had the M46I/G73S/L90M pattern at XLF6. During the emergence of protease inhibitors resistance, reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance maintained high levels. Conclusion: Indinavirresistance evolution was observed by single-genome amplification. During the course of changing the regimen to incorporate Indinavir, the G73S mutation occurred and was combined with M46I/L90M.
文摘目的:研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) RP1-90L14.1对前列腺癌LNCaP细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用以及对GRIN2A、BACE2基因表达的影响。方法:采用RT-PCR检测前列腺癌LNCaP、LNCaP-AI细胞中RP1-90L14.1的表达水平;在LNCaP细胞中瞬时转染RP1-90L14.1过表达质粒和载体质粒,即转染RP1-90L14.1实验组(LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组)和转染阴性对照组(LNCaP-NC组);采用普通培养液和活性炭吸附无酚红培养液培养两组细胞;CCK-8法、Transwell法检测两组细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力;RT-PCR和Western印迹检测两组细胞中N-甲基-D-天氡氨酸离子型谷氨酸受体2A(GRIN2A)、β位点淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶2 (BACE2) mRNA和蛋白表达含量变化。结果:RP1-90L14.1在LNCaP-AI中的表达量显著高于LNCaP细胞(8.49±0.43 vs 2.53±0.95,P<0.05)。转染RP1-90L14.1后,LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组RP1-90L14.1表达量显著高于LNCaP-NC组(0.71±0.22 vs 0.02±0.01,P<0.05);在普通培养液和活性炭吸附无酚红培养液中,培养72 h时,LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组细胞活性分别高出LNCaP-NC组51.95%(1.22±0.08 vs 0.08±0.05,P<0.05)和50.69%(0.79±0.02 vs 0.53±0.05,P<0.05);培养96 h时,LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组分别高出LNCaP-NC组51.72%(1.72±0.07 vs 1.13±0.05,P<0.05)和60.23%(1.18±0.05 vs 0.73±0.08,P<0.05)。转染RP1-90L14.1后,在普通培养液和活性炭吸附无酚红培养液中,细胞迁移能力LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组均显著高于LNCaP-NC组[(682.0±42.7)个vs(422.0±37.1)个,(419.0±42.9)个vs(251.0±25.9)个,P<0.05];细胞侵袭能力LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组也均显著高于LNCaP-NC组[(507.0±22.2)个vs(274.0±19.6)个,(352.0±14.1)个vs(216.0±14.3)个,P<0.05]。LNCaP-RP1-90L14.1组与LNCaP-NC组相比,GRIN2A mRNA和蛋白表达量(5.13±0.89、2.09±0.54,5.88±0.29、2.03±0.22),BACE2 mRNA和蛋白表达量(5.82±0.50、2.53±0.30,4.89±0.19、3.37±0.13)均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:lncRNA RP1-90L14.1可能在调控前列腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭行为中起重要作用;RP1-90L14.1能促进GRIN2A、BACE2的表达;RP1-90L14.1与GRIN2A、BACE2可能存在内源性竞争关系。