中尺度分析系统LAPS（local analysis and prediction system）在国内已业务化多年,可以融合多种国内观测资料;但是针对卫星资料的融合应用研究还不够充分。为此,实现了LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料的接口;并结合WRF模式,选取2014年7月24~2...中尺度分析系统LAPS（local analysis and prediction system）在国内已业务化多年,可以融合多种国内观测资料;但是针对卫星资料的融合应用研究还不够充分。为此,实现了LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料的接口;并结合WRF模式,选取2014年7月24~25日发生在江苏及附近地区的一次强降水过程进行模拟。通过对比LAPS系统融合MTSAT-2卫星资料前后的物理量场的差异,以及经WRF模式预报的降水量差异,分析基于LAPS系统同化MTSAT-2资料对暴雨预报的作用。结果表明,LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料后对地面相对湿度场和降水区域分布均有明显改善作用。利用多种评分方法对24 h累计降水进行检验,发现同化MTSAT-2资料对大雨及以上量级降水的预报改善作用明显,特别是对大暴雨级别的降水预报效果改善最为显著。展开更多
The mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway is a major apoptotic pathway characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization （MOMP） and subsequent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm to ac...The mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway is a major apoptotic pathway characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization （MOMP） and subsequent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm to activate caspases. MOMP is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This pathway plays important roles not only in normal development, main- tenance of tissue homeostasis and the regulation of immune system, but also in human diseases such as immune disorders, neurodegeneration and cancer. In the past decades the molecular basis of this pathway and the regulatory mechanism have been comprehen- sively studied, yet a great deal of new evidence indi- cates that cytochrome c release from mitochondria does not always lead to irreversible cell death, and that caspase activation can also have non-death functions. Thus, many unsolved questions and new challenges are still remaining. Furthermore, the dysfunction of this pathway involved in cancer development is obvious, and targeting the pathway as a therapeutic strategy has been extensively explored, but the efficacy of the tar- geted therapies is still under development. In this review we will discuss the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway and its physiological roles and therapeutic implications.展开更多
文摘The mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway is a major apoptotic pathway characterized by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization （MOMP） and subsequent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm to activate caspases. MOMP is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This pathway plays important roles not only in normal development, main- tenance of tissue homeostasis and the regulation of immune system, but also in human diseases such as immune disorders, neurodegeneration and cancer. In the past decades the molecular basis of this pathway and the regulatory mechanism have been comprehen- sively studied, yet a great deal of new evidence indi- cates that cytochrome c release from mitochondria does not always lead to irreversible cell death, and that caspase activation can also have non-death functions. Thus, many unsolved questions and new challenges are still remaining. Furthermore, the dysfunction of this pathway involved in cancer development is obvious, and targeting the pathway as a therapeutic strategy has been extensively explored, but the efficacy of the tar- geted therapies is still under development. In this review we will discuss the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway and its physiological roles and therapeutic implications.
