Determination of Benzoylaconitine Compounds in the Decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Heishun Pieces),Trichosanthis Fructus and Their Combination

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the decoctions of Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination.[Methods]Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination were extracted for different time periods,and then grouped.HPLC was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)and acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30℃,and the sample volume was 20μL.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.[Results]The total amounts of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the single decoction group of Heishun pieces were all significantly different from those in the combined decoction group at corresponding time.[Conclusions]The total content of the benzoylaconitine type increased significantly after the combined decoction of Heishun pieces and Fructus Trichosanthis,which proves the scientificity of"eighteen incompatible medicaments,19 counteraction"in traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.

Verify the Function of a Potential Growth-Regulating Gene in Marine Bivalve Using a Candidate Model Organism Mulinia lateralis

A better understanding of genetic bases of growth regulation is essential for bivalve breeding,which is helpful to improve the yield of the commercially important bivalves.While previous studies have identified some candidate genes accounting for variation in growth-related traits through genotype-phenotype association analyses,seldom of them have verified the functions of these putative,growth-related genes beyond the genomic level due to the difficulty of culturing commercial bivalves under laboratory conditions.Fortunately,dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis can serve as a model organism for studying marine bivalves given its short generation time,the feasibility of being grown under experimental conditions and the availability of genetic and biological information.Using dwarf surf clam as a model bivalve,we characterize E2F3,a gene that has been found to account for variation in growth in scallops by a previous genome-wide association study,and verify its function in growth regulation through RNA interference(RNAi)experiments.For the first time,E2F3 in dwarf surf clam,which is termed as MulE2F3,is characterized.The results reveal that dwarf surf clams with MulE2F3 knocked down exhibit a reduction in both shell size and soft-tissue weight,indicating the functions of MulE2F3 in positively regulating bivalve growth.More importantly,we demonstrate how dwarf surf clam can be used as a model organism to investigate gene functions in commercial bivalves,shedding light on genetic causes for variation in growth to enhance the efficiency of bivalve farming.

Research progress on synergetic effects of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)and Tubeimu(Rhizoma Bolbostemmatis)/Gualou(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim)

The compatibility of Chinese herbs is the focus and the difficulty in traditional Chinese medicine research,and it has an important guiding role for clinical medicine.Some scholars believe that the Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,FZ)compatibility with Tubeimu(Rhizoma Bolbostemmatis,TBM)/Gualou(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,GL)does not meet the Chinese medicine theory of“eighteen incompatibilities”.However,this combination has been used many times in many clinical medications.This study reviewed the research progress of pharmacological effects of FZ,and FZ compatibility with TBM/GL,in order to correctly understand and apply the“eighteen incompatibilities”drugs,and provide a reference for further exploration of the combined application in clinical treatment.

Research the mechanism of Cinnamoni cortex-Aconm lateralis radixpraeparaia-Achtranthis bidentatae radix combination in treatment oflumbar disc herniation based on datamining and networkpharmacology

Background:This study gets a classic prescription of Song Dynasty medicine for the treatment of waist and leg pain through analyzing the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary platform.Further,the potential mechanism of the classic prescription was analyzed based on molecular docking and network pharmacology.Methods:Based on the frequency statistics,association rules and cluster analysis,the core herbal combination and the classic prescription was digged out.Use of network pharmacology methods and molecular docking to explore the pharmacological mechanism of classic prescriptions for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Then gene ontology biological function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment of pathways were performed.Finally,the compounds of herbs were docked with the important targets of MMP1 and CRP.Results:The high-frequency Chinese medicines for treating waist and leg pain were found and we further unearthed the“Rougui-Fuzi-Niuxi(Cinnamoni cortex-Aconm lateralis radix praeparaia-Achyranthis bidentatae radix”as the core herbal combination,and matched the classic ancient prescription of Chinese medicine Jiawei Shenzhuo decoction(CAPCMJWSZD).The targets of CAPCMJWSZD were mapped to the targets of lumbar disc herniation and 48 potential targets were obtained.The core potential targets were obtained in the protein-protein interaction network,such as CRP,IL2,FOS,MMP1,CASP3.Through the DAVID database,a total of 129 gene ontology function annotation terms(P<0.01)and 91 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways(P<0.01)were obtained.Molecular docking results showed that quercetin has the lowest binding energy for docking with MMP1and CRP,and these two methods of molecular docking are most likely to occur.Conclusion:The most important bioactive components in CAPCMJWSZD can eliminate inflammation and slow disc degeneration through some potential targets,such as CRP,IL-2,MMP1,and these targets can rich in the following pathways,such as metalloendopeptidase activity,MAP kinase activity,osteoclast differentiation,et al.

Research Progress in Toxicity and Toxicity-reducing and Efficacy-enhancing Compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata

Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata contains alkaloids,flavonoids,polysaccharides,organic acids and organic alkalis,among which diester alkaloids are important effective ingredients,which can be used for treating heart failure,rheumatic heart disease,coronary heart disease,hypotension,shock and other diseases.However,it also contains the main ingredients that produce toxic effects and are highly toxic to the cardiovascular system,nervous system,digestive system,reproductive system,embryos,and livers and kidneys.In this study,we analyzed the toxicity-reducing and efficacy-enhancing effects of the compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata with with single herbs Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,Zingiber ojjicinale Rosc.and Rheum palmatum L.,aiming to provide references for further exploring the appropriate compatibility conditions of traditional Chinese medicine in the future and improving the safety of the clinical application of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata.

Review of Modern Research on Toxicity of Traditional Chinese Medicine Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia

The traditional Chinese medicine Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia(Fuzi)is pungent and sweet in taste,hot in nature,and has high toxicity.It governs the meridians of the heart,kidney and spleen.It has the functions of restoring yang to save from collapse,dispersing cold and removing dampness,and warming the middle to relieve pain.It is often used for the treatment of yang collapse,cold limbs,weak pulse,heart yang deficiency,heart pain due to chest impediment,abdominal cold-pain,kidney yang deficiency,impotence and cold in womb,and syndrome of exogenous disease due to yang deficiency,etc.Its great yang qi and strong medicinal properties often bring about toxic and adverse effects.However,after processing or combination with other medicinal materials,the effects of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia are quite different.Not only the toxicity is greatly reduced,but also the curative effects are strengthened.Through searching related literature,this paper reviewed the researches about the toxicity reduction and curative effect improvement of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia,in order to provide a certain theoretic reference for future further research of Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia.

Energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)

Objective:To study the energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata).Methods:Literature induction method was applied to study the energy properties,energy pharmacological connotation,and energy pharmacological effects of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata).Results:The warm and hot properties of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)are exactly its energy properties.The energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)is based on its energy properties,which is different from the modern aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)pharmacology that is based on the chemical composition of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata).In addition,the energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)includes not only the traditional energy pharmacology but also the modern energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata).The traditional energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)is mainly manifested as the energy effect of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)at the whole-body level,warm yang and dissipate cold,whereas the modern energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)is manifested as the physiological and pathological energy effect of warm and thermal energy properties of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)at the tissue,cellular,and molecular levels of the body,mainly strengthening the heart,protecting cardiac muscles,dilating blood vessels,and having anti-arrhythmia,anti-shock,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and antineoplastic effects.The traditional energy pharmacology and modern energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)constitute the basic connotation of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)energy pharmacology.For the aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)energy pharmacology,there is a substantial foundation,its chemical components such as alkaloids.In addition,the toxicity of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)is a manifestation of its energy pharmacology.Conclusion:aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)has energy properties that have substantial foundation.The energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata)is based on its high energy and hot properties and includes the traditional energy pharmacology and modern energy pharmacology of aconite(Radix aconiti lateralis reparata).

Chronic training status affects muscle excitation of the vastus lateralis during repeated contractions

This study examined electromyographic amplitude(EMGRMS)-force relationships during repeated submaximal knee extensor muscle actions among chronic aerobically-(AT),resistance-trained(RT),and sedentary(SED)individuals.Fifteen adults(5/group)attempted 20 isometric trapezoidal muscle actions at 50%of maximal strength.Surface electromyography(EMG)was recorded from vastus lateralis(VL)during the muscle actions.For the first and last successfully completed contractions,linear regression models were fit to the log-transformed EMGRMS-force relationships during the linearly increasing and decreasing segments,and the b terms(slope)and a terms(antilog of y-intercept)were calculated.EMGRMS was averaged during steady force.Only the AT completed all 20 muscle actions.During the first contraction,the b terms for RT(1.3010.197)were greater than AT(0.9100.123;p?0.008)and SED(0.9120.162;p?0.008)during the linearly increasing segment,and in comparison to the linearly decreasing segment(1.0180.139;p?0.014),respectively.For the last contraction,the b terms for RT were greater than AT during the linearly increasing(RT?1.3730.353;AT?0.8830.129;p?0.018)and decreasing(RT?1.5260.328;AT?0.9700.223;p?0.010)segments.In addition,the b terms for SED increased from the linearly increasing(0.9680.144)to decreasing segment(1.2680.126;p?0.015).There were no training,segment,or contraction differences for the a terms.EMGRMS during steady force increased from the first-([64.0851.68]μV)to last-contraction([86.7349.55]μV;p?0.001)collapsed across training statuses.The b terms differentiated the rate of change for EMGRMS with increments in force among training groups,indicating greater muscle excitation to the motoneuron pool was necessary for the RT than AT during the linearly increasing and decreasing segments of a repetitive task.

Comparative study of anti-inflammatory effects of different processed products through the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway: based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata(Fu-zi)is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,which has been widely used in the clinic and has potent anti-inflammatory activities.we aimed to explore the mechanisms of extract containing alkaloids from different Fu-zi Processed Products(FPP)in treating inflammation,especially rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Firstly,using network pharmacology technology,the ingredients,and targets of Fu-zi were obtained by searching and screening,the targets involving RA were acquired,the intersection targets were constructed a"component-target-pathway"network.A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanisms of 5 FPPs in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced RAW264.7 cells,which serve as a model for RA.The production of NO and inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit.Quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was utilized to measure the mRNA levels.COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway-associated proteins were determined by western blot.Results:According to a network pharmacological study,16 chemical components and 43 common targets were found in Fu-zi and 6 key targets including PTGS2 were closely related to the mechanism of Fu-zi in treating RA.The in vitro study revealed that the levels of NO,TNF-α,and IL-1βwere substantially decreased by the 5 FPPs.The 5 FPPs significantly suppressed the expression of proteins COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB,with particularly notable effects observed for PFZ and XFZ.Conclusion:Altogether,these results demonstrated that the 5 PPS containing alkaloids have a good anti-RA-related inflammatory effect,and the mechanism may be related to COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway,particularly,Fu-zi prepared utilizing a traditional Chinese technique.

A feasible,economical,and accurate analytical method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from different manufacturing sources and processing ways

Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for its potency in restoring yang and rescuing from collapse. Aconiti alkaloids, mainly including monoester-diterpenoidaconitines(MDAs) and diester-diterpenoidaconitines(DDAs), are considered to act as both bioactive and toxic constituents. In the present study, a feasible, economical, and accurate HPLC method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers using the Single Standard for Determination of Multi-Components(SSDMC) method was developed and fully validated. Benzoylmesaconine was used as the unique reference standard. This method was proven as accurate(recovery varying between 97.5%-101.8%, RSD < 3%), precise(RSD 0.63%-2.05%), and linear(R > 0.999 9) over the concentration ranges, and subsequently applied to quantitative evaluation of 62 batches of samples, among which 45 batches were from good manufacturing practice(GMP) facilities and 17 batches from the drug market. The contents were then analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and homogeneity test. The present study provided valuable information for improving the quality standard of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. The developed method also has the potential in analysis of other Aconitum species, such as Aconitum carmichaelii(prepared parent root) and Aconitum kusnezoffii(prepared root).

Effects of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Rhizoma Zingiberis on Energy Metabolism and Expression of the Genes Related to Metabolism in Rats

Objective： To study the influence of Radix aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma zingiberis, two species of Chinese medicinal herbs with hot property, on energy metabolism and gene expression spectrum, and to analyze the possible mechanism of their effects. Methods： Forty-eight specific pathogen free Wistar rats were randomly divided into a Radix aconiti lateralis preparata group, a Rhizoma zingiberis group, and a control group. They were intragastrically treated with concentrated decoction of Radix aconiti lateralis preparata, Rhizoma zingiberis and normal saline respectively for 20 days. Toe temperature （TT）, energy intake （El）, digestible energy （DE）, and metabolizable energy （ME） were measured. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and energy charge （EC） in hepatic tissue were measured with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The activity of ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase （SDH） in the liver were detected with chemical colorimetry. The gene expression in the liver was detected with Illumina＇s rat Ref-12 gene array. The differential expression genes were selected, annotated and classified based on Gene Ontology （GO）. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR （Q-RT-PCR） was used to test the accuracy of results. Results： Compared with the control group, the -I-r on the 10^th day after the beginning of administration and ATP in the Radix aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma zingiberis groups increased significantly （P〈0.05）. El/body mass （BM）, DE/BM, ME/BM, the hepatic EC and the activity of Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase, Ca^2＋-Mg^2＋-ATPase and SDH of liver increased significantly only in the Radix aconiti lateralis preparata group （P〈0.05）. There were 592 differential expression genes in the Radix aconiti/ateralis preparata group and 1 159 in the Rhizoma zingiberis group compared with the control group. Among the differential expression genes, genes related to metabolic processes were the most significant based on GO analysis. There were 337 strips of gene differential expression in common in both Radix aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma zingiberis groups compared with the control group. Conclusions： Herbs with hot property such as Radix aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma zingiberis could improve the energy metabolism in rats, through influencing the metabolic process of sugar, lipid, and amino acid. It could also promote the production, storage, and utilization of energy by regulating the gene expression related to metabolism, which may be the main molecular mechanism of warming yang and dispelling cold for the treatment of the cold syndrome according to Chinese medicine theory.

Efficacy of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) on myocardial infarction by enhancing autophagy in rats

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effects of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)on myocardial infarction(MI)through regulating myocardial autophagy.METHODS:Thirty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(n=6 or 7 for each).After treatment for 3 weeks,electrocardiogram(ECG)and cardiac function were recorded.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to detect pathological changes in the heart.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),cardiac troponin T(c Tn T),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and serum inflammatory cytokines.Metabolomic analysis was used to identify differential biomarkers of MI in rats.Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect BNP,cTnT,TNF-α,LC3B,Beclin-1,p62,and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)expression in cardiac tissue.RESULTS:Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)markedly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and abnormal ECGs,demonstrated by decreases in the heart weight/body weight ratio,BNP,and c Tn T.Pro-inflammation cytokine interleukin(IL)-1αsignificantly decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 significantly increased in Renshen(Radix Ginseng)single or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)groups compared with the control group.HE results suggested that co-treatment produced a greater reduction in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area than Renshen(Radix Ginseng)or Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone.Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)reversed these changes to different degrees in MI rats.Furthermore,Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)down-regulated LC3 B,Beclin-1,and AMPK expression in cardiac tissue and upregulated p62 expression.CONCLUSIONS:Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)may have a greater effect on heart injury induced by MI in rats than Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)treatment alone,and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of myocardial autophagy and anti-inflammation effects.These results provide fresh insight into the mechanism of co-treatment with Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)for MI.

Hot Property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its Compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma Based on Animal Temperature Tropism

Abstract: Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) on animal temperature tropism. Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR. Meanwhile, the activities of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), total anti-oxidant capability (T-AOC), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were measured. Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group, the compatibility between ALRP and ZR (AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad (P 【 0.05), suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism. Meanwhile, the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly (P 【 0.05), suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism. The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice. In addition, it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP. Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property, but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property. This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way. The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.

Relationship between cardiotonic activity of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)and its fingerprint determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the cardiotonic activity of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,RALP)and its fingerprint determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).METHODS:First,the fingerprints of six processed products of RALP were established by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)followed by analysis of the principal component of the relative peak area of its common peaks.Next,the scores of the first five principal components were used as input for an artificial neural network(ANN).Additionally,the therapeutic effect of RALP was assessed by measuring the hemodynamic indexes of heart failure model rats.Subsequently,fluorescence semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit were used to determine the effects of RALP-processed products on the serum levels of noradrenaline(NA),angiotensin-Ⅰ(Ang-Ⅰ),and the expression ofβ-norepinephrine receptor m RNA(β-NRm)in the rat cardiac tissues.P<0.05 was used as the output of the ANN.Finally,a network was constructed to display the relationship between the LC-MS fingerprints and the cardiotonic activity of the RALP-processed products.RESULTS:Several types of RALPs can improve diastolic function,systolic function and heart rate.On the basis of the findings from the principal component analysis(PCA)of 16 common peaks of fingerprints of six RALP-processed products,it was revealed that the first five principal components may include 100%of the information of the original data.As observed from the multilayer perceptron neural network analysis,principal component 4 presented with the strongest effects on serum levels of NA and Ang-Ⅰin rats,while principal component1 exerted the greatest effect onβ-NRm expression in cardiac tissue.CONCLUSION:The key findings obtained from this study indicated that the network constructed by the PCA-ANN may predict pharmacodynamic effects of the main ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This method may serve as a new approach to identify the relationship between LC-MS fingerprints and the pharmacodynamic effects of TCM ingredients.

Study on Hot Property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Its Compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma Based on Animal Temperature Tropism

Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) on animal temperature tropism.Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR.Meanwhile,the activities of adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase),total anti-oxidant capability(T-AOC),and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) were measured.Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group,the compatibility between ALRP and ZR(AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism.Meanwhile,the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity,and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism.The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice.In addition,it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP.Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property,but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property.This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way.The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.

HPLC指纹图谱在附子药材道地性鉴别中的应用研究

[目的]研究附子药材的HPLC指纹图谱,并采用该方法作为区分附子道地和非道地药材的参考,建立附子药材的质量控制方法。[方法]色谱条件为:色谱柱为Waters XB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相为40 mmol/L醋酸铵(氨水调节pH10.0)-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长为240 nm,分析时间为70 min,进样量20μl。[结果]道地产区6批附子药材样品的化学成分比非道地产区要复杂,共确定出了22个共有峰,相似度较高,均在0.926以上,但从共有峰的峰面积比值来看,不同产地附子所含成分的含量有一定差异;非道地产区6批附子药材样品中存在15个共有峰,药材化学成分比道地产区要简单,相似度相对较差,均小于0.879,说明各非道地产区药材差异明显。[结论]HPLC指纹图谱稳定性和重复性较好,能很好地区分道地和非道地附子药材,为更好地控制附子药材内在质量提供科学依据。

微波加工对附子中酯型生物碱的影响

[目的]探讨微波加工对附子中双、单酯型生物碱含量的影响,为附子新型炮制品及药食两用加工品的开发提供参考。[方法]通过正交设计、直观分析和方差分析,探讨烫漂时间(A)、干燥温度(B)和微波时间(C)对附子中双、单酯型生物碱含量的影响。[结果]微波时间对双酯型生物碱含量具有极显著影响(P<0.01),对单酯型生物碱含量具有显著影响(P<0.05);烫漂时间和干燥温度仅对双酯型生物碱含量具有显著影响(P<0.05)。最佳的因素水平组合为A3B3C3,即烫漂时间为3 min,干燥温度为60℃,微波时间为5 min;在此条件下,双酯型生物碱含量为590.33μg/g,单酯型生物碱含量为802.14μg/g。[结论]微波加工能够降低附子中双酯型生物碱含量,增加单酯型生物碱含量。

Early electrical field stimulation prevents the loss of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons and muscle atrophy following spinal cord injury

Our previous study revealed that early application of electrical field stimulation（EFS） with the anode at the lesion and the cathode distal to the lesion reduced injury potential, inhibited secondary injury and was neuroprotective in the dorsal corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effect of EFS on protection of anterior horn motoneurons and their target musculature after SCI and its mechanism. Rats were randomized into three equal groups. The EFS group received EFS for 30 minutes immediately after injury at T_（10）. SCI group rats were only subjected to SCI and sham group rats were only subjected to laminectomy. Luxol fast blue staining demonstrated that spinal cord tissue in the injury center was better protected; cross-sectional area and perimeter of injured tissue were significantly smaller in the EFS group than in the SCI group. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of spinal cord anterior horn motoneurons was greater and the number of abnormal neurons reduced in the EFS group compared with the SCI group. Wet weight and cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscles were smaller in the SCI group to in the sham group. However, EFS improved muscle atrophy and behavioral examination showed that EFS significantly increased the angle in the inclined plane test and Tarlov＇s motor grading score. The above results confirm that early EFS can effectively impede spinal cord anterior horn motoneuron loss, promote motor function recovery and reduce muscle atrophy in rats after SCI.

Metabolomics of Fuzi-Gancao in CCl4 induced acute liver injury and its regulatory effect on bile acid profile in rats

BACKGROUND Fuzi(Radix aconiti lateralis)-Gancao(Radix glycyrrhizae)is one of the most classical drug pairs of traditional Chinese medicine.In clinical practice,decoctions containing Fuzi-Gancao(F-G)are often used in the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver failure.AIM To investigate the metabolomics of F-G in CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats and its regulatory effect on the bile acid profile.METHODS The pharmacodynamic effect of F-G on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats was evaluated,and an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous determination of 92 metabolites from multiple pathways was established to explore the protective metabolic mechanism of F-G in serum on the liver.RESULTS Twenty-four differential metabolites were identified in serum samples.The primary bile acid biosynthetic metabolic pathway was the major common pathway in the model group and F-G group.Subsequently,a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 11 bile acids,including cholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,taurocholic acid,glycocholic acid,chenodeoxycholic acid,deoxycholic acid,taurochenodeoxycholic acid,taurocholic acid,and glycinic acid,was established to analyze the regulatory mechanism of F-G in serum.F-G decreased the contents of these 11 bile acids in serum in a dose-dependent manner compared with those in the model control group.CONCLUSION F-G could protect hepatocytes by promoting the binding of free bile acids to glycine and taurine,and reducing the accumulation of free bile acids in the liver.F-G could also regulate the compensatory degree of taurine,decreasing the content of taurine-conjugated bile acids to protect hepatocytes.

头皮脑电发作间期痫样放电侧别与海马硬化侧别的一致性研究

目的探讨伴有海马硬化的癫痫患者头皮脑电发作间期痫样放电侧别与海马硬化侧别的一致性。方法将289例癫痫患者分为左侧海马硬化组、右侧海马硬化组和双侧海马硬化组,(1)观察痫样放电与海马硬化侧别关系;(2)左侧海马硬化组和右侧海马硬化组的同侧放电、对侧或双侧痫样放电构成比。结果右侧海马硬化患者的双侧放电25例(38.4%)以及左侧或双侧放电(两者均累及了主侧半球)32例(49.2%)比左侧海马硬化患者的双侧放电15例(28.8%)以及右侧或双侧(两者均累及非主侧半球)19例(36.5%)明显增多,(P<0.01);双侧海马硬化组中左侧放电26例(15.1%)比右侧放电17例(9.9%)明显增多,(P<0.05)。结论 (1)非主侧半球痫样放电更容易传播到主侧半球导致双侧放电,主侧半球痫样放电率更高;(2)痫样放电侧别和海马硬化侧别一致性不高,这说明单靠头皮脑电痫样放电侧别和海马硬化侧别来对致痫灶定侧有很大局限性。