Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs)can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms,threatening the stability of marine ecosystems.It is well known that different strains,natural populations and growth conditions of the...Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs)can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms,threatening the stability of marine ecosystems.It is well known that different strains,natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity.To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs,it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms.In this study,the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins(alone and in combination)in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated.The 48 h LC_(50)of the 14 phycotoxins varied from 0.0193µg/mL to 2.415µg/mL.The most potent phycotoxin was azaspiracids-3(AZA3;with a LC_(50)of 0.0193µg/mL),followed by azaspiracids-2(AZA2;0.0226µg/mL),pectenotoxin-2(PTX2;0.0460µg/mL)and dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1;0.0818µg/mL).For the binary exposure,okadaic acid(OA)induced potential additive effects with DTX1,probably due to their similar structure(polyether fatty acid)and mode of action(attacking the serine/threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases).On the other hand,OA showed potential antagonistic effects with PTX2,which might be accounted for by their activation on the detoxification activity of cytochrome P450 activity.In addition,DTX1 induced potential synergetic effects with saxitoxin(STX),yessotoxin(YTX)or PTX2,suggesting the hazard potency of the mixtures of DTX1 and other phycotoxins(like STX,YTX and PTX2)with regard to the ecological risk.These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.展开更多
Earthworms as test animats,were exposed in different concentrations of two pesticides:1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinylmthyl) N nitromidazoliding 2 ylideneamin and 2′benzoyi 1′ tert butylbenzoylhydrazinc.The acute toxicity of...Earthworms as test animats,were exposed in different concentrations of two pesticides:1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinylmthyl) N nitromidazoliding 2 ylideneamin and 2′benzoyi 1′ tert butylbenzoylhydrazinc.The acute toxicity of these two pesticides was measured as median lethal concentration values(LC 50 ) of earth worms.Tests of three different exposure systems were performed:the comact filter paper bioassay,the immersion bioassay and the artificial soil bioassay.The results indicated that the two new type pesticides showed vaious toxic effects through different exposure paths .The LC 50 of 1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinymethyl) N nitromidazolidin 2 ylideneamine was 0.034 ug·cm 2 for 48hr filter paper test,0.77mg·ml -1 for 48hr inmersion test and 2.3mg·kg -1 for 14d artiflcial soil test,respectively; while the 2′ benzoy 1′tert butylbenzoylhydrazine was>480 μg·cm -2 for 48hr filter paper test. 2655 mg·ml -1 for 48hr immersion test,and>10000mg·kg -1 for 14d artificial soil test,respectively.These outcome led to a conelusion that 1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinylmethyl) N nitromidazolidin 2 ylideneamine was far more toxic than 2′ benzoyl 1′tert butylbenzoylhydrazine with regard to acute toxicity to earthworm.However,the comprehensive assessment of the influence of both the two pesticides to soil ecosystem could not be made only by acute toxic tests because we were not aware of the mechanism acted on organisms.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41576120the Special Fund Project for Marine and Fishery Protection and Development in Fujian Province,China under contract No.FZJZ-2021-1the National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2017YFC1404803.
文摘Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs)can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms,threatening the stability of marine ecosystems.It is well known that different strains,natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity.To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs,it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms.In this study,the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins(alone and in combination)in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated.The 48 h LC_(50)of the 14 phycotoxins varied from 0.0193µg/mL to 2.415µg/mL.The most potent phycotoxin was azaspiracids-3(AZA3;with a LC_(50)of 0.0193µg/mL),followed by azaspiracids-2(AZA2;0.0226µg/mL),pectenotoxin-2(PTX2;0.0460µg/mL)and dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1;0.0818µg/mL).For the binary exposure,okadaic acid(OA)induced potential additive effects with DTX1,probably due to their similar structure(polyether fatty acid)and mode of action(attacking the serine/threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases).On the other hand,OA showed potential antagonistic effects with PTX2,which might be accounted for by their activation on the detoxification activity of cytochrome P450 activity.In addition,DTX1 induced potential synergetic effects with saxitoxin(STX),yessotoxin(YTX)or PTX2,suggesting the hazard potency of the mixtures of DTX1 and other phycotoxins(like STX,YTX and PTX2)with regard to the ecological risk.These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.
文摘Earthworms as test animats,were exposed in different concentrations of two pesticides:1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinylmthyl) N nitromidazoliding 2 ylideneamin and 2′benzoyi 1′ tert butylbenzoylhydrazinc.The acute toxicity of these two pesticides was measured as median lethal concentration values(LC 50 ) of earth worms.Tests of three different exposure systems were performed:the comact filter paper bioassay,the immersion bioassay and the artificial soil bioassay.The results indicated that the two new type pesticides showed vaious toxic effects through different exposure paths .The LC 50 of 1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinymethyl) N nitromidazolidin 2 ylideneamine was 0.034 ug·cm 2 for 48hr filter paper test,0.77mg·ml -1 for 48hr inmersion test and 2.3mg·kg -1 for 14d artiflcial soil test,respectively; while the 2′ benzoy 1′tert butylbenzoylhydrazine was>480 μg·cm -2 for 48hr filter paper test. 2655 mg·ml -1 for 48hr immersion test,and>10000mg·kg -1 for 14d artificial soil test,respectively.These outcome led to a conelusion that 1 (6 chloro 3 pyridinylmethyl) N nitromidazolidin 2 ylideneamine was far more toxic than 2′ benzoyl 1′tert butylbenzoylhydrazine with regard to acute toxicity to earthworm.However,the comprehensive assessment of the influence of both the two pesticides to soil ecosystem could not be made only by acute toxic tests because we were not aware of the mechanism acted on organisms.
