Fuzzy Optimum Model of Semi-Structural Decision for Lectotype Optimization of Offshore Platforms

In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multicriteria and semi-structural decision-making. Different from traditional methods in semi-structural decision-making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives, First, the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. And then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a multi-hierarchy fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select the satisfying offshore platform alternative. A case study shows that the new framework and methodology are scientific, reasonable and easy to use in practice.

Group Decision Making Based Fuzzy Pattern Recognition Model for Lectotype Optimization of Offshore Platforms 1

This paper develops a fuzzy pattern recognition model for group decision making to solve the problem of lectotype optimization of offshore platforms. The lack of data and the inexact or incomplete information for criteria are the main cause of uncertainty in the evaluation process, therefore it is necessary to integrate the judgments from different decision makers with different experience, knowledge and preference. This paper first uses a complementary principle based pairwise comparison method to obtain the subjective weight of the criteria from each decision maker. A fuzzy pattern recognition model is then developed to integrate the judgments from all the decision makers and the information from the criteria, under the supervision of the subjective weights. Finally a case study is given to show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed model.

Lectotype Optimization of Offshore Platforms by Use of Three-Scale Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

A Three-Scale Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (T-FAHP) is proposed by introducing the Three-Scale Analytical Hierarchy Process (T-AHP) and the trapezoid fuzzy number. A multi-objective optimization model based on the T-FAHP is presented subsequently, in which many factors influencing the lectotype of offshore platform are taken into account synthetically, such as the original investment, the maintenance, cost, the ability of resisting fatigue and corrosion, the construction period, the threat to the environment, and so on. With this method, the experts can give the relatively precise ranking weight of each index and at the same time the requirement of consistence checking can be met, The result of a calculation example shows that the T-FAHP is practical.

New Replacement Name for Rana paradoxa Mocquard,1890 with Designations of Lectotypes for Rana paradoxa and Rana conspicillata Günther,1872:Both Synonymized with Limnonectes kuhlii (Tschudi,1838) (Dicroglossidae:Dicroglossinae)

Fanged frogs, now called Limnonectes kuhlii, from Borneo are remotely related to true Javanese L. kuhliL For future taxonomy of Bornean fanged frogs, we fix the nomenclatural status of two existing names, Rana conspicillata Giunther, 1872 and Rana paradoxa Mocquard, 1890. Morphological comparison of the type-series revealed heterospecific relationships of the two species. For R. conspicillata, we designate BMNH 1947.2.29.20 as the lectotype, and for R. para doxa, we also designate MNHN 1889.222 as the lectotype and propose a replacement name Limnonectes mocquardi, in order to stabilize their nomenclature.

Rediscovery of Odontocimbex svenhedini Malaise(Hymenoptera:Cimbicidae) from China with description of the female and a key to Asian genera of Cimbicidae

Odontocimbex svenhedini Malaise is redescribed based on new material and types. The diagnosis of Odontocimbex is outlined. The differences between Odontocimbex and Cimbex, Palaeocimbex and Trichiosoma are discussed. The female of the species is described for the first time. The lectotype of O. svenhedini is designated. A key to the Asian genera of Cimbicidae is provided.

The influence of high-yield-water characteristics on productivity of CBM wells and expulsion and production method carried out in Yanchuannan block of the Ordos basin, China

In order to further study the influence of high-yield-water on the productivity of CBM （coalbed methane） wells and the expulsion and production method carried out in CBM wells, by means of analyzing and researching production characteris- tics and geologic condition of the CBM wells with high water yield in Yanchuannan block located at the eastern margin of Or- dos basin, the mechanism of high water yield decreasing the productivity of CBM well was discussed, and the expulsion and production method for this type of CBM well was proposed. The results show that high water yield would decrease the produc- tivity of CBM wells, and the mechanism is： first, in some circumstances, high water yield could reflect that there was dissipa- tion during the process of coalbed methane reservoir forming, which would lower the gas saturation of coal gas reservoir and reduce the productivity of CBM well; second, a large quantity of coalbed methane dissipated in the form of solution gas, caus- ing the practical reservoir pressure when gas appeared in casing to be lower than critical desorption pressure of the coal bed; finally, the CBM well with high water yield would have higher requirements of discharge and mining installation, system and continuity, and any link with problems would have a great impact on the well＇s productivity and would increase the difficulty of discharge and mining. In the case of wells with high water yield, the key is to select applicable discharge and mining installa- tion, which should be able to make the bottom hole flowing pressure decline smoothly and fast, and make the wells produce gas as quickly as possible but able to slow down the rate of discharge and mining properly when gas has appeared. In addition, in view of the CBM wells with high water yield, an installation lectotype method based on Darcy＇s law was proposed, which was found with good accuracy and practicability through field application.

Novelties in <i>Campyloneurum</i>(Polypodiaceae) from Mesoamerica

Three new species are described and another is recognized in Campyloneurum. Two species occur in Mexico to El Salvador and the others two are present in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The new species are Campyloneurum acutum A. Rojas, C. leoniae A. Rojas and C. madrense A. Rojas. The first species differs from C. xalapense by broader rhizome scales, acute to attenuate blade apex, commonly two series of areoles between parallel veins, commonly one sori per areole and hydathodes absent or few evident. Campyloneurum leoniae differs from C. irregulare by more compact and non-pruinose rhizomes, thinner stipes, relatively broader, thinner and more opaque laminae, and distribution at lower elevations. Campyloneurum madrense is different to C. angustifolium because it has narrower and darker rhizome scales with denticulate margin, long scales cells and distributed at lower elevations. Finally, Campylonerum pittieri is here recognized as valid species and it differs from the similar C. amphostenon by longer rhizomes with appressed scales that have a patent, long acuminate apices, relative broader laminae, veins evident and distribution at higher elevations.