INTRODUCTION In recent years,Houston has made great strides in green building,moving into the top ten nationally on both LEED certified and Energy Star rated structures.At the same time,fewer steps have been taken to ...INTRODUCTION In recent years,Houston has made great strides in green building,moving into the top ten nationally on both LEED certified and Energy Star rated structures.At the same time,fewer steps have been taken to address transportation,which accounts for one third of U.S.greenhouse gas emissions.3 To achieve greater sustainability,architects,planners,and developers must take the space between buildings into greater account.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological change.Cities are...INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological change.Cities are major consumers of natural resources and producers of pollution and waste.Development solutions that can reduce urban environmental impacts,as well as increase urban quality of life,are urgently needed.How to ensure that rampant growth in urban communities follows a regenerative and sustainable path therefore becomes a critical and increasingly relevant question.展开更多
Prevailing city design in many countries has created sedentary societies that depend on automobile use. Consequently, architects, urban designers, and land planners have developed new urban design theories, which have...Prevailing city design in many countries has created sedentary societies that depend on automobile use. Consequently, architects, urban designers, and land planners have developed new urban design theories, which have been incorporated into the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development （LEED-ND） certification system. The LEED- ND includes design elements that improve human well-being by facilitating walking and biking, a concept known as walkability. Despite these positive developments, relevant research findings from other fields of study have not been fully integrated into the LEED-ND. According to Zuniga-Teran （2015）, relevant walkability research findings from multiple disciplines were organized into a walkability framework （WF） that organizes design elements related to physical activity into nine categories, namely, connectivity, land use, density, traffic safety, surveil- lance, parking, experience, greenspace, and community. In this study, we analyze walkability in the LEED-ND through the lens of the nine WF categories. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, we identify gaps and strengths in the LEED-ND and propose potential enhancements to this certification system that reflects what is known about enhancing walkability more comprehensively through neighborhood design analysis. This work seeks to facilitate the translation of research into practice, which can ultimately lead to more active and healthier societies.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION In recent years,Houston has made great strides in green building,moving into the top ten nationally on both LEED certified and Energy Star rated structures.At the same time,fewer steps have been taken to address transportation,which accounts for one third of U.S.greenhouse gas emissions.3 To achieve greater sustainability,architects,planners,and developers must take the space between buildings into greater account.
文摘INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological change.Cities are major consumers of natural resources and producers of pollution and waste.Development solutions that can reduce urban environmental impacts,as well as increase urban quality of life,are urgently needed.How to ensure that rampant growth in urban communities follows a regenerative and sustainable path therefore becomes a critical and increasingly relevant question.
文摘Prevailing city design in many countries has created sedentary societies that depend on automobile use. Consequently, architects, urban designers, and land planners have developed new urban design theories, which have been incorporated into the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development （LEED-ND） certification system. The LEED- ND includes design elements that improve human well-being by facilitating walking and biking, a concept known as walkability. Despite these positive developments, relevant research findings from other fields of study have not been fully integrated into the LEED-ND. According to Zuniga-Teran （2015）, relevant walkability research findings from multiple disciplines were organized into a walkability framework （WF） that organizes design elements related to physical activity into nine categories, namely, connectivity, land use, density, traffic safety, surveil- lance, parking, experience, greenspace, and community. In this study, we analyze walkability in the LEED-ND through the lens of the nine WF categories. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, we identify gaps and strengths in the LEED-ND and propose potential enhancements to this certification system that reflects what is known about enhancing walkability more comprehensively through neighborhood design analysis. This work seeks to facilitate the translation of research into practice, which can ultimately lead to more active and healthier societies.
