A review of the Effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (II)—experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.

疲劳短裂纹系统演化的参数域分析

疲劳裂纹系统的参数域分析对于建立系统的理论模型具有一定的指导意义 .从非线性动力学角度对 Brown图进行了再分析 ,经验性地给出了疲劳裂纹系统演化的参数域 .定性分析了各区域裂纹的演化行为 ,当系统的参数满足 II区条件时 ,行为较为复杂 ,此时系统可能对材料的微结构、外界扰动具有强烈的敏感性 ,造成疲劳裂纹演化结果的分散性 .

击实粘性土断裂韧度KIC的试验研究

用线弹性断裂力学理论,研究土体中裂缝的产生和扩展过程的可行性已经为很多学者所认可,但对土体断裂韧度断裂韧度KIC的测试方法尚未形成共识。标准的三点弯曲试验中,土梁可能仅在自重作用下就发生断裂破坏,即使不发生这种试验前的断裂破坏,由于试样自重与断裂荷载相比是不可忽略的,试样自重对试验结果也存在较大影响。首先对标准三点弯曲试验方法进行了改进,研制了适于测试土体断裂参数的测试仪,并用其对某堆石坝心墙料的室内击实试样进行了断裂韧度KIC的测试,论证了线弹性断裂力学的适用性,研究了试样干密度和试验含水量对断裂韧度KIC的影响。

大跨悬索桥索梁锚固区疲劳养护概率优化方法

合理的桥梁养护规划应在养护费用与失效风险之间找到一个合理的平衡。将养护费用分为检测费用,维修费用与失效费用,将线弹性断裂力学、结构可靠度理论、全寿命成本分析法结合起来,提出了基于全寿命周期成本的焊接构件疲劳养护概率优化的方法。考虑了检测概率、养护决策者的维修意愿、维修措施概率和失效概率等多种因素,把桥梁养护优化问题变为在焊接结构或构件满足在生命周期内最小允许可靠度的基础下,养护总费用最小的问题,并提出了简化计算方法。以青草背长江大桥索梁锚固区的关键疲劳细节养护为例,研究了主要参数对最优检测时刻的影响,研究结果表明,考虑了失效成本后,最优疲劳养护时刻提前,折现率对养护费用影响明显。当车辆荷载逐年增加时,索梁锚固区在设计基准期内疲劳破坏风险增大,应引起足够的重视。

基于断裂力学的钢桥面肋-板接头疲劳寿命预测

为研究反复荷载作用下正交异性钢桥面中U型肋与桥面板焊接接头的疲劳性能,基于断裂力学基本理论,利用有限元方法,进行了肋-板接头的疲劳寿命评估.根据正交异性钢桥面与U型肋连接构造基本形式,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了包含3个U型肋的正交异性钢桥面平面有限元模型;考虑肋-板连接位置处焊接细节的4种典型裂纹,计算了2个加载工况下各裂纹处等效应力强度因子,并分析了初始裂纹长度、桥面板厚度、U型肋高度和U型肋厚度对等效应力强度因子的影响规律;依据Eurocode 3规范中正交异性钢桥面肋-板接头加载模式,采用桥面板与U型肋连接构造二维有限元模型,计算得到典型裂纹的等效应力强度因子,建立了基于断裂力学疲劳扩展模型为基础的正交异性钢桥面肋-板接头的疲劳寿命预测方法.研究结果表明:基于线弹性断裂力学原理计算得到的疲劳寿命均大于Eurocode 3规范计算值,桥面板厚度选用16~18 mm及将初始裂纹长度控制在0.1 mm以下可有效地提高板-肋接头疲劳寿命.

基于线弹性断裂力学的裂缝稳定性分析

对线弹性断裂力学中的两种计算应力强度因子的方法:外推法和奇异单元法进行了比较研究,并以某重力拱坝下游部位的裂缝为例,用外推法分析了荷载作用下裂缝的稳定性,建立了裂缝的预报模型。

气候影响下膨胀土开裂的力学分析

采用线弹性断裂力学的方法,针对气候影响下的膨胀土开裂问题,提出了膨胀土开裂深度和裂缝间距的定量表达式,经比较与现场实测结果基本一致。并对开裂深度与泊松比、断裂韧度、基质吸力等土体特性参数的关系进行了详细的论述。

On the accuracy of higher order displacement discontinuity method(HODDM) in the solution of linear elastic fracture mechanics problems

The higher order displacement discontinuity method(HODDM) utilizing special crack tip elements has been used in the solution of linear elastic fracture mechanics(LEFM) problems. The paper has selected several example problems from the fracture mechanics literature(with available analytical solutions) including center slant crack in an infinite and finite body, single and double edge cracks, cracks emanating from a circular hole. The numerical values of Mode Ⅰ and Mode Ⅱ SIFs for these problems using HODDM are in excellent agreement with analytical results(reaching up to 0.001% deviation from their analytical results). The HODDM is also compared with the XFEM and a modified XFEM results. The results show that the HODDM needs a considerably lower computational effort(with less than 400 nodes) than the XFEM and the modified XFEM(which needs more than 10000 nodes) to reach a much higher accuracy. The proposed HODDM offers higher accuracy and lower computation effort for a wide range of problems in LEFM.

砼坝裂缝稳定性分析

通过比较线弹性断裂力学中的两种计算应力强度因子的方法 :外推法和奇异单元法 ,得到相应的结论 ;并以某砼坝下游部位出现裂缝为例 ,分析在不利荷载作用下裂缝的稳定性 .

Numerical Crack Analysis of Blunt Rock Indenters by an Indirect Boundary Element Method

Linear elastic fracture mechanics principles are widely applied for the analysis of crack problems in rock fracture mechanics. Rock indentation is an important and complicated problem among rock engineering issues. In this paper, in addition to the fracture criterion of maximum tangential stress adjacent to crack tip, the higher order displacement discontinuity method (which is a version of the indirect boundary element method) has been used for modeling the crack propagation mechanism under blunt indenters. In order to achieve more accurate results, higher order boundary elements i.e. quadratic elements, has been used to calculate displacement discontinuities and also to reduce the singularities of stress and displacement fields near the crack tip, the special crack tip elements has been used to calculate the stress intensity factors (SIF) at the crack tips. In this modeling, the effect of crack angle on stress intensity factors has been investigated. The numerical results of stress intensity factors obtained from some example problems were compared to the theoretical and experimental results cited in the literature which always show a percentage error less than one percent. The simulated results may pave the way for increasing the efficiency of mining and drilling by improving the design of tools and indentation equipments.

ASME Ⅷ-1—2013防脆性断裂理论背景介绍

介绍了ASMEⅧ-1—2013中防脆性断裂的理论背景,并对冲击豁免曲线、冲击功合格值、低应力工况及加载速率等方面进行了分析讨论。

CDM-PKN压裂模型研究

现场实践表明,高裂缝内净压力、不规则的施工压力剖面和裂缝高度延伸等,都与传统的二维压裂模型预测结果相差较大,且传统的二维压裂模型无法解释异常高施工压力。施工压力预测的部分难题可以通过修改基本模型或修正压力下降方程来解决,但其根本原因是线弹性断裂力学(LEFM)采用的裂缝延伸法则自身存在不足。连续损伤力学(CDM)理论可以解决基于线弹性断裂力学理论模型本身存在的矛盾,既能解释净压力,也能有效预测宽短裂缝。通过引入Kachnoanov参数和微裂隙之间的平均距离,并将线弹性断裂力学与连续损伤理论结合,建立CDM-PKN模型,能够有效解释异常高施工压力,既可以解释实际施工压力剖面,也能够预测裂缝长度、宽度和流体效率。CDMPKN模型充分应用了CDM理论的优点,可以用来解释裂缝高度的移动和水力压裂中的相关现象。