益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet)化感作用的初步研究

以生菜(Lactuca sativaL.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativaL.)作为受体植物,对益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus)不同部位水浸提液的化感潜势进行了生物检测;在此基础上,采用水、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇和乙酸乙酯等5种溶剂分别浸提益母草茎叶,比较分析了不同浸提物化感作用的强度.结果表明:益母草根和茎叶的水浸提液都具有化感作用,在低浓度时表现出促进作用,其中根的促进效果更明显;在高浓度时则表现出抑制效应,其中茎叶浸提液在浓度为100mg/mL时抑制作用最大(p<0.01);益母草茎叶不同溶剂浸提液都表现出"低促高抑"的化感作用特征,但效果存在差异,水和乙酸乙酯浸提组分表现出较强的化感抑制作用,显示益母草可能同时含有亲水和亲脂化感物质.

Leonurus sibiricus L.(honeyweed):A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology

Leonurus sibiricus is a herbaceous plant found in many countries in Asia and America.This plant is widely practiced as a remedy for the treatment of diabetes,menstrual irregularities,and bronchitis.The approval of therapeutic implications of any drugs depends on the well characterized mode of actions of the compounds.The bioactive compounds like diterpenes,triterpenes,flavonoids and phenolic acids in Leonurus sibiricus show analgesic,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-atherogenic and antihemorrhagic,anti-diabetic,anti-bacterial and allelopathic potency.Interestingly,the expression level of some genes is altered by the crude extract treatments,which are effective against cancers,diabetes and cardiovascular diseases where the molecular mechanisms are yet to be explored.Intriguingly,the extracts significantly induce nitric oxide production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase,a signaling molecule of vasodilation in combination with interferon-y indicating positive effect on atherosclerosis.Further investigations are required to unlock the effects of bioactive compounds found in extracts at clinical settings.

Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the aglycones of phenolic glycosides isolated from Leonurus japonicus

Objective: To find the genuine structure with anti-acetylcholinesterase(anti-ACh E) from the phenolic glycosides abundant in Leonurus japonicus(Lamiaceae). The assay for antiACh E activity is often used to lead anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Methods: The five phenolic glycosides, tiliroside, leonurusoside C, 2’’’-syringoylrutin,rutin, and lavanduliofolioside were isolated from L. japonicus. The activities of the glycosides were relatively low. Seven compounds including p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, hydroxytyrosol, salidroside, syringic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, which are produced by the hydrolysis of the five glycosides, were also assayed for anti-ACh E activity.Results: Of those seven compounds, the five compounds other than salidroside and syringic acid exhibited potent anti-ACh E activities. In particular, the IC_(50)s of caffeic acid and quercetin were(1.05 ± 0.19) and(3.58 ± 0.02) mg/m L, respectively. Rutin was the most abundant flavonoid in the extract(9.18 mg/g as measured by HPLC).Conclusion: The substances with potent anti-ACh E were caffeic acid, quercetin, pcoumaric acid, kaempferol, and hydroxytyrosol that can be produced from their glycosides.

Two Labdane Diterpenes from Leonurus heterophyllus

Two new labdane diterpenoids named heteronone A （1） and heteronone B （2） were isolated from the aerial parts of Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet. Their structures were established by various spectroscopic means, and the structure of heteronone A is confn-med by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Multiomics analyses of two Leonurus species illuminate leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution

The Lamiaceae family is renowned for its terpenoid-based medicinal components,but Leonurus,which has traditional medicinal uses,stands out for its alkaloid-rich composition.Leonurine,the principal active compound found in Leonurus,has demonstrated promising effects in reducing blood lipids and treating strokes.However,the biosynthetic pathway of leonurine remains largely unexplored.Here,we present the chromosome-level genome sequence assemblies of Leonurus japonicus,known for its high leonurine production,and Leonurus sibiricus,characterized by very limited leonurine production.By integrating genomics,RNA sequencing,metabolomics,and enzyme activity assay data,we constructed the leonurine biosynthesis pathway and identified the arginine decarboxylase(ADC),uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase(UGT),and serine carboxypeptidase-like(SCPL)acyltransferase enzymes that catalyze key reactions in this pathway.Further analyses revealed that the UGT–SCPL gene cluster evolved by gene duplication in the ancestor of Leonurus and neofunctionalization of SCPL in L.japonicus,which contributed to the accumulation of leonurine specifically in L.japonicus.Collectively,our comprehensive study illuminates leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution in Leonurus.

New di-spirocyclic labdane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus

Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus,led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids(1-18).Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations,these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones(1-6),two new(7 and 8)and six known(13-18)interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones,a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative(9),and three new ones incorporating a y-lactone unit(10-12).An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way,comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.

New diterpenoids isolated from Leonurus japonicus and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

Three new labdane diterpenoids, leojaponicone A(1), isoleojaponicone A(2) and methylisoleojaponicone A(3), were isolated from the herb of Leonurus japonicus. The chemical structures of these secondary metabolites were elucidated on the basis of 1 D and 2 D NMR, including HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopic techniques. All the new compounds were tested in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1-3 exhibited low inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with respect to acarbose and exhibited high inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase with respect to huperzine A.

Leojaponic acids A and B, two new homologous terpenoids, isolated from Leonurus japonicus

The present study aimed at isolation and purification of the bioactive terpenoids from the herb of Leonurus japonicus by chromatographic separations such as silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and C18 reversed phase silica gel, as well as preparative HPLC. As a result, leojaponic acids A(1, C_(17)H_(24)O_4) and B(2, C_(18)H_(26)O_4), two homologous terpenoids, together with(-)-loliolide(3), 1-(3-ethylphenyl) ethane-1, 2-diol(4) and dibutyl phthalate(5), were isolated from the Et OH extract of L. japonicus. All the chemical structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 were new terpenoids, and Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant. In addition, the a-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the new compounds were evaluated.

Three minor new compounds from the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus led to the isolation of one new labdane diterpenoid, leojaponin D （1） and two new ionone derivatives, leojaponones A and B （2 and 3）, together with seven known diterpenoids （4-10）. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and by comparison with data reported in the literature. Selected isolates were evaluated their effects on lurkat IL2 secretino.

Three new diterpenoids from Leonurus japonicus

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus led to the isolation of one unusual clerodane diterpenoid,leojaponin A（1）,characterized by a C4–C7oxa-bridge,and two new labdane diterpenoids,leojaponins B（2） and C（3）.The structures of these new compounds were determined based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data.To the best of our knowledge,compound 1 is the first clerodane diterpenoid obtained from Leonurus.japonicus.All of them were evaluated for their cytotoxicity.

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE GENUS LEONURUS AND SEVENTEEN OF THEIR ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS SCREENED FOR EFFECTS ON PPARa,β/δ, and γ IN AN IN VITRO LUCIFERASE REPORTER GENE ASSAY

Leonurus japonicus Houtt.is used in TCM to treat the metabolic syndrome.However,up to now,no active constituents could be identified.Here we describe the isolation of 17 dominant constituents of L.japonicus and the related European herb Leonurus cardiaca L.-namely7R-chloro-6-desoxy-harpagide,ajugol,campneoside II,chicoric acid,ferulic acid,harpagide,isoacteoside,

2D NMR对益母草中的一个苯丙醇苷类化合物的结构解析(英文)

通过核磁共振对一个首次从益母草种分离得到的苯丙醇苷类化合物进行了结构解析,通过2D NMR(HMQC,HMBC)进行了NMR信号全归属.

益母草中挥发性组分的酶提取及分析

The cellulase was used for extracting the volatile constituents of the Leonurus japonicus Houtt.The effects of the pH,the amounts and the fineness of cellulase were discussed.The average yield obtained was 4.05%.16 chemical components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)method.The cellulase extraction (CE)method was made a camparison with distillation extraction (DSE)method.

不同钠盐胁迫对益母草种子发芽的影响

主要研究了NaCl、NaHCO3和NaCl+NaHCO3 3种不同盐胁迫对益母草(Leonurus artemisia S.Y.Hu)种子发芽的影响。结果表明,益母草种子随NaCl、NaHCO3浓度的升高,相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对发芽指数均显著降低,而混合盐溶液中出现低促高抑现象。3种处理抑制作用顺序为NaHCO3>NaCl>NaCl+NaHCO3。益母草种子耐盐大小顺序为NaCl+NaHCO3>NaCl>NaHCO3。

Relationship between alkaloid contents and growth environment of Yimu Cao (Herba Leonuri)

Objective: To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao (the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia) and its growing environment. Methods: Samples of the drug and the soil at the growing site collected from 5 selected regions. Reference materials were checked and on-the-spot observations were carried out to investigate the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the drug. Results: Different regions had different environmental conditions, including climate, soil, vegetation, and so on. No matter barren or fertile the soil at the growing site was, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the drug varied greatly. The drugs produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1l%-0.2%), where the soil is acid. Conclusion: The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the growing site soil were the factors correlating with alkaloid contents in the drug, among which the pH value of soil was an important positively correlating factor. The alkaline soils in North benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acid soils in South. The other probable elements affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao were climate and genetic factors.

马尾巴的功能

经历过"文革"的人都看过一部有名的电影《决裂》,葛存壮在其中扮演一位姓孙的教授,在农村的课堂上起劲地给学员们讲解马尾巴的功能,却把前来求他为牛治病的农民轰出门外。后来很长一段时间内,"马尾巴的功能"便成了嘲讽学究的流行语。其实马尾巴的确是有功能的,比如说,可以用来给植物命名。

Traditional Medicinal Plants of Azerbaijan Province of Iran

Aromatic herbs and spices are enormous and sustainable resource of natural compounds with various useful features in Iran. They have a variety of applications, especially in the treatment of disease and in order to create a pleasant scent and smell of food have been used since ancient times. Today, some of these plants are commercially grown and used in a variety of production of components. Our presentation is a study of the medicinal herbs of Eastern Azerbaijan. The province of Azerbaijan consists of two eastern and western parts. East Azerbaijan settles in the north-west of Iran. Eastern Azerbaijan has a cool and dry climate due to its mountainous region. There are approximately 1,300 species and 510 species of plants in Eastern Azer-baijan. These species have the most healing properties. In Eastern Azerbaijan regions, medicinal plants are usually collected by locals from mountains and meadows. Eastern Azerbaijan medicinal plants are not scientifically well known, but are traditionally used in rural areas. Usually used medicinal herbs in the area belong to Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Apiaceae and Grossulariacea family. Some of the plants are Artemisia absinthium L, Sambucus nigra, Thymus Kotschyanus, Nasturtium officinale, Achillea millefolium L., Stachys schtschegleevi, Mentha longifolia L., Ecballium elaterium L., Leonurus cardiaca L., Cornus mas L., Rhus coriaria L., Salvia sclarea L., Hippophaer hamnoides L., Marrubium vulgare, Tanacetum balsamita L., Trifolium pratense L., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Echium vulgare L. The purpose of the research is to introduce the method of use of medicinal plants in Eastern Azerbaijan.

益母草活性生物碱益母草碱对大鼠运动性疲劳的缓解作用

本研究探讨了益母草的活性生物碱—益母草碱对大鼠运动性疲劳的缓解作用以及其调节Nrf2/Keap1/ARE信号通路的机制。实验采用动物模型,研究了益母草碱对骨骼肌的保护作用,探讨了它在调节抗氧化酶活性和降低细胞氧化应激中的作用。研究结果表明,益母草碱显著延长了大鼠的力竭游泳时间,降低了血清中的LDH、CK和cTnI水平,并显著提高了骨骼肌中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性,减轻了MDA水平。这些发现揭示了益母草碱在减缓运动性疲劳中的显著作用。进一步的研究发现,益母草碱通过激活Nrf2/Keap1/ARE信号通路,增强了Nrf2及其下游靶基因HO-1和NQO-1的表达,抑制了Keap1的表达,为骨骼肌提供了更强的抗氧化防护。当使用Nrf2抑制剂ML385时,这一益母草碱的效果受到抑制,验证了其通过Nrf2/Keap1/ARE信号通路发挥作用的机制。本研究的结果表明,益母草碱作为一种天然的活性生物碱,具有显著的抗运动性疲劳作用,通过调节Nrf2/Keap1/ARE信号通路来减轻骨骼肌的氧化损伤,揭示了其作为一种新型抗疲劳天然化合物的巨大潜力。

Leonurine: From Gynecologic Medicine to Pleiotropic Agent

Leonurus japonicus Houtt,a Chinese traditional herbal medicine,has been widely used to cure gynecological diseases,such as incomplete abortion and menoxenia.Leonurine,a major active alkaloid compound only be found in Leonurus japonicus Houtt,has been successfully extracted and purified.Recent evidence has shown that leonurine can regulate a variety of pathologic processes including oxidative stress,inflammation,fibrosis,apoptosis,and multiple metabolic disorders.Here,we have reviewed the pharmacological actions and biological functions of leonurine,with a focus on the role of leonurine in the amelioration of various pathological processes.Insights into the related signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms have strengthened our understanding on the function of leonurine in the alleviation of multiple pathological states.Our summary of the existing researches should help direct future research into the basic science and clinical applications in related diseases.

Quality assessment of crude and processed Leonuri Fructus by chemical and color analysis combined with chemometric method

Objective： Crude Leonuri Fructus（CLF）, the fruits of the Leonurus japonicus Houtt, and processed Leonuri Fructus（PLF） by stir-baking as the important Chinese herbal medicines, have been used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. The objective of this research is to reveal the difference between CLF and PLF.Methods： The sensory technologies of the colorimetry, sensitive and validated HPLC-ELSD and GC combined with flame ionization detector（GC-FID） were employed to discriminate CLF and its processed product PLF. The color parameters of the samples were determined by colorimetric instrument CR-410. Moreover, the content of stachydrine and six fatty acids were determined by HPLC and GC. Subsequently,analysis of variance（ANOVA）, principal components analysis（PCA）, hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）,and Kendall＇s correlation test were performed for data analysis.Results： The CLF and PLF were divided into two categories by PCA and HCA in terms of their component content and color. The results distinctly demonstrated significant changes in color and the content of indicative components between CLF and PLF.Conclusion： The study revealed that HPLC, GC, and colorimetric method in combination with chemometric method could be used as comprehensive quality evaluation for CLF and PLF.