Leucocytozoonosis was found in three layer farms in chickens with suspected fatty liver or fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in Korea between 2009 and 2011.These layer chicken flocks showed both mortality and decreased...Leucocytozoonosis was found in three layer farms in chickens with suspected fatty liver or fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in Korea between 2009 and 2011.These layer chicken flocks showed both mortality and decreased egg production for one or two weeks when they were between 59 and 82 weeks old.At the necropsy,the most prominent gross lesions were found in the liver,which was enlarged,had a fragile texture,exhibited yellowish discolorations,and had various hemorrhagic lesions.Tissue reactions associated with megaloschizonts specific for Leucocytozoon caulleryi were prominent upon microscopic examination of the liver without significant lipidosis.In addition,the ovaries and uterus were the most affected organs for Leucocytozoon caulleryi multiplication,which led to decreased egg productions.Molecular studies with formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissues were performed in search of a partial region of the cytochrome b gene for hemosporidian parasites.Based on these results,the causal agent was determined to be closely related to Leucocytozoon caulleryi reported in Japan and Malaysia.In this study,we describe recently re-occurring leucocytozoonosis in layer chickens,which required histopathology for disease diagnosis.To prevent outbreaks and maintain chicken health and egg production,layer chickens need to be monitored for symptoms of leucocytozoonosis.展开更多
The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of Leucocytozoon caulleryi was amplified by PCR using a pair of conserved primers and cloned into the T-T windows of plasmid pGEM-T easy vector. The inserts were successf...The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of Leucocytozoon caulleryi was amplified by PCR using a pair of conserved primers and cloned into the T-T windows of plasmid pGEM-T easy vector. The inserts were successfully sequenced and the results revealed that the ITS-2 plus flanking sequence (ITS2+) was composed of 270 nucleotides. and the ITS-2 was 113 bp in length. The ITS-2 of L. caulleryi was analysed by NCBI Blast, and the degree of homology of the ITS-2 of L. caulleryi was compared with that of Eimeria tenella , Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces kluyveri and others by wDNASIS. The results showed that the ITS-2 of L. caulleryi is characteristic and has the greatest similarity with E. tenella (21.2%).展开更多
Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites can negatively impact fitness in many songbirds.Research on the malaria infection and its physiological costs on their avian hosts is heavily skewed toward native pas...Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites can negatively impact fitness in many songbirds.Research on the malaria infection and its physiological costs on their avian hosts is heavily skewed toward native passerines,with exotic species underrepresented.However,introduced species may carry on and spread new pathogens to native species,and play a role on parasite transmission cycle in invaded bird communities as pathogen reservoir.Here,we molecularly assess the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in three introduced wetland passerines(the Red Avadavat Amandava amandava,the Yellow-crowned Bishop Euplectes afer,and the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild)captured during the same season in southwestern Spain.We also explored the relation between parasite infection,body condition,haematocrit,and uropygial gland volume.We detected an overall parasite prevalence of 3.55%,where Common Waxbills showed higher prevalence(6.94%)than Red Avadavats(1.51%).None Yellow-crowned Bishops were infected with haemosporidians.Almost 60%of infections were caused by Leucocytozoon,and about 40%by Plasmodium.We identified four unique lineages of Plasmodium and three of Leucocytozoon.Moreover,91%of the identified host-parasite interactions represented new host records for these haemosporidian parasites.Parasite infection was not related to body condition,haematocrit,and uropygial gland volume of the wetland passerines.Haematocrit values varied seasonally among bird species.Additionally,haematocrit was positively related to body condition in the Yellow-crowned Bishops,but not in the other species.Red Avadavats had higher haematocrit levels than Yellow-crowned Bishops,whereas Common Waxbills showed the lower haematocrit values.The uropygial gland volume was positively correlated with body condition in all bird species.Common Waxbills showed higher uropygial gland volumes related to their body size than birds from other two species.These outcomes highlight the importance of exotic invasive species in the transmission dynamics of haemosporidian parasites.展开更多
Reports of avian malaria parasites in village chicken in Nigeria generally remain fragmentary and scarce.The study was conducted in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria to investigate avian malaria paras...Reports of avian malaria parasites in village chicken in Nigeria generally remain fragmentary and scarce.The study was conducted in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria to investigate avian malaria parasites in Village Chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)and to determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of the haemoparasites.A total of 530 village chickens blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy village chickens'brachial veins using sterile 2mls syringes and 23 gauge needles.Thin blood smear was made from each blood sample,and Giemsa stained and examined for the presence of avian haemoparasites under an electro-microscope.The result indicates 23.8%overall prevalence rate of three species of avian malaria parasites consisting of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species.Plasmodium spp.has the highest prevalent rate of 13.0%followed by Haemoproteus spp.(5.1%),mixed Plasmodium spp.+Haemoproteus spp.(4.9%)infection and Leucocytozoon spp.(0.8%).Prevalence of avian malaria parasites was significantly higher in cocks compared to hens(p<0.05),as well as higher in adults compared to growers chickens(p<0.05).This study also showed a higher prevalence of avian malaria parasites during the rainy season compared to the dry season of the study period.It was concluded that haemoparasites of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species that occur in both single and mixed infections are prevalent among village chickens that are apparently healthy in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria.展开更多
基金provided by the project of National Institute of Environment Research(No.2015080777)
文摘Leucocytozoonosis was found in three layer farms in chickens with suspected fatty liver or fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in Korea between 2009 and 2011.These layer chicken flocks showed both mortality and decreased egg production for one or two weeks when they were between 59 and 82 weeks old.At the necropsy,the most prominent gross lesions were found in the liver,which was enlarged,had a fragile texture,exhibited yellowish discolorations,and had various hemorrhagic lesions.Tissue reactions associated with megaloschizonts specific for Leucocytozoon caulleryi were prominent upon microscopic examination of the liver without significant lipidosis.In addition,the ovaries and uterus were the most affected organs for Leucocytozoon caulleryi multiplication,which led to decreased egg productions.Molecular studies with formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissues were performed in search of a partial region of the cytochrome b gene for hemosporidian parasites.Based on these results,the causal agent was determined to be closely related to Leucocytozoon caulleryi reported in Japan and Malaysia.In this study,we describe recently re-occurring leucocytozoonosis in layer chickens,which required histopathology for disease diagnosis.To prevent outbreaks and maintain chicken health and egg production,layer chickens need to be monitored for symptoms of leucocytozoonosis.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(39870549)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(980134).
文摘The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of Leucocytozoon caulleryi was amplified by PCR using a pair of conserved primers and cloned into the T-T windows of plasmid pGEM-T easy vector. The inserts were successfully sequenced and the results revealed that the ITS-2 plus flanking sequence (ITS2+) was composed of 270 nucleotides. and the ITS-2 was 113 bp in length. The ITS-2 of L. caulleryi was analysed by NCBI Blast, and the degree of homology of the ITS-2 of L. caulleryi was compared with that of Eimeria tenella , Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces kluyveri and others by wDNASIS. The results showed that the ITS-2 of L. caulleryi is characteristic and has the greatest similarity with E. tenella (21.2%).
基金support provided by Facility of Bioscience Applied Techniques of SAIUEx(financed by UEX,Junta de Extremadura,MICINN,FEDER and FSE)funded by Consejería de Economía e Infraestructura of the Junta de Extremadura and the European Regional Development Fund,a Way to Make Europe(research projects IB16121 and IB20089)+1 种基金supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Juan de la Cierva Subprogram(FJCI 2017-34109,MICINN)a postdoctoral contract for scientific excellence in the development of the Plan Propio de I+D+i of the UCLM(co-funded by the European Social Fund Plus(ESF+))。
文摘Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites can negatively impact fitness in many songbirds.Research on the malaria infection and its physiological costs on their avian hosts is heavily skewed toward native passerines,with exotic species underrepresented.However,introduced species may carry on and spread new pathogens to native species,and play a role on parasite transmission cycle in invaded bird communities as pathogen reservoir.Here,we molecularly assess the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in three introduced wetland passerines(the Red Avadavat Amandava amandava,the Yellow-crowned Bishop Euplectes afer,and the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild)captured during the same season in southwestern Spain.We also explored the relation between parasite infection,body condition,haematocrit,and uropygial gland volume.We detected an overall parasite prevalence of 3.55%,where Common Waxbills showed higher prevalence(6.94%)than Red Avadavats(1.51%).None Yellow-crowned Bishops were infected with haemosporidians.Almost 60%of infections were caused by Leucocytozoon,and about 40%by Plasmodium.We identified four unique lineages of Plasmodium and three of Leucocytozoon.Moreover,91%of the identified host-parasite interactions represented new host records for these haemosporidian parasites.Parasite infection was not related to body condition,haematocrit,and uropygial gland volume of the wetland passerines.Haematocrit values varied seasonally among bird species.Additionally,haematocrit was positively related to body condition in the Yellow-crowned Bishops,but not in the other species.Red Avadavats had higher haematocrit levels than Yellow-crowned Bishops,whereas Common Waxbills showed the lower haematocrit values.The uropygial gland volume was positively correlated with body condition in all bird species.Common Waxbills showed higher uropygial gland volumes related to their body size than birds from other two species.These outcomes highlight the importance of exotic invasive species in the transmission dynamics of haemosporidian parasites.
文摘Reports of avian malaria parasites in village chicken in Nigeria generally remain fragmentary and scarce.The study was conducted in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria to investigate avian malaria parasites in Village Chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)and to determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence of the haemoparasites.A total of 530 village chickens blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy village chickens'brachial veins using sterile 2mls syringes and 23 gauge needles.Thin blood smear was made from each blood sample,and Giemsa stained and examined for the presence of avian haemoparasites under an electro-microscope.The result indicates 23.8%overall prevalence rate of three species of avian malaria parasites consisting of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species.Plasmodium spp.has the highest prevalent rate of 13.0%followed by Haemoproteus spp.(5.1%),mixed Plasmodium spp.+Haemoproteus spp.(4.9%)infection and Leucocytozoon spp.(0.8%).Prevalence of avian malaria parasites was significantly higher in cocks compared to hens(p<0.05),as well as higher in adults compared to growers chickens(p<0.05).This study also showed a higher prevalence of avian malaria parasites during the rainy season compared to the dry season of the study period.It was concluded that haemoparasites of Plasmodium,Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species that occur in both single and mixed infections are prevalent among village chickens that are apparently healthy in Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State,Nigeria.
