著名的法律联机检索系统:LEXIS和WESTLAW

法律资料对于法律工作者来说是至关重要的。随着社会法制化程度的提高,法律资料变得越来越丰富且庞杂、分散,要获得全面而准确的法律资料,仅靠手工的方法是十分困难的。于是在信息技术发达的国家,法律全文数据库便应运而生了,其中最著名的当推美国的LEXIS和WESTLAW。这两个系统都是为最终用户(end—user)而设计的。LEXIS是1973年由MDC(Mead Data Central)在俄亥俄律师协会一项研究课题的基础上推出的,它所包含的信息极为丰富(超过22GB),收录美国联邦法院和州法院报道的案例,联州及州的宪法、法典、法规、某些政府机构的行政判决及有关材料,如专利、商标、版权法。

On Word-formation of China English Lexis

This paper introduces China English and China English lexis,and analyzes the four ways of the word-formation of China English lexis:transliteration,loan translation,loan-blend and coinage.The analysis can show that China English is used to express the language system in a special situation in China,and it has brought large number of new lexis and new vision into world Englishes,which has enhanced the expressive force of English.

The Lexis Features of Advertisement English

This paper is going to focus on the lexis characteristics of the advertisement English in stylistics. The lexis characteristics of advertisement include using the new form of the spelling of a word to attract the consumers’ attention; using the borrowed words to enhance the transmission effect of the advertisements; Frequent use of some verbs, adjectives to express the information and enhance the effect of language expression; Using the compounds in flexibility. Meanwhile, we could find out that some specific terms are used and the word used in advertisements show the gender.

Lexis Cohesion and English Reading

This article discusses one of the important cohesion means—lexis cohesion, and applies it to English reading. This cohesion contributes to the improvement of reading ability for its immediateness and accessibility. It aims at specifying the potentials of the theory in English reading learning by analysis and exemplification.

Negative Transfer of Chinese to English Learning in Lexis

Language transfer is a common phenomenon in language learning.Transfer can be positive or negative.Researches show that language transfer occurs in all aspects of language,such as syntax,pragmatics,and lexis etc.According to a research,Chinese English learners may make plenty of mistakes during the beginning of the process of English language learning,51% of which are caused by the negative transfer of Chinese.In this article,I put emphasis on analyzing various mistakes due to the negative transfer of Chinese on the subject of lexis.I also provide some solution to minimize the negative transfer of Chinese in our English learning.

Classroom Application of Corpora for Extending Knowledge of English Lexis

This paper examines the application of electronic corpora to English classroom of lexical learning.It starts with a literature review of basic issues on corpus linguistics and theories underlying lexical study,followed by discussion on the specific lexical learning aspects in which a corpus might provide some insight.Based other research like data-driven learning(DDL)in this area,the paper goes further by exploring the possibility and ways of applying corpora in vocabulary learning classroom.

China English Lexis and Its Implications for College English Teaching

At present,foreign language teaching in China has mainly focused on emphasizing"standard English",while English expres-sions with Chinese features were regarded as a substandard one.However,the contact between English and Chinese has been phenome-nal today,resulting in a steady exchange of vocabulary items between English and other linguistic varieties.For this reason,the currentstudy attempts to outline the objective existence of China English from both lexical level and points out its implications for college Eng-lish teaching,in the hope of bridging the gap between theory and practice to appeal more people to accept the objective existence of Chi-na English.

The Omani Technical Students’Knowledge of English for Specific Purposes(ESP)Lexis and Their Attitudes Towards Learning ESP

In Oman,research on ESP has been attracting a great deal of attention in English language education over the past decade.Nevertheless,little attention has been paid to discover the relationship between the technical students’knowledge of the ESP lexis and their attitudes towards learning ESP in the Omani technical context.Therefore,this research study was conducted to do so and to explore whether the Omani technical students’knowledge of ESP lexis is predictable and is affected by a combination of their attitudes to learning ESP,their gender,and their age.Forty-eight questionnaires were distributed among participants(24 males and 24 females)aged between 24 and 27 years old.The study confirmed the positive relation between people’s knowledge and their feelings;several recommendations were proposed.In addition,the study showed that technical students’attitude towards learning ESP is an issue that must be resolved as it negatively affects improving the students’knowledge of ESP lexes.

Cultural difference in English and Chinese corresponding lexis

The associated meaning of language might be different under different cultural circumstances. This paper mainly concerns about the influence of culture on English and Chinese corresponding lexis and its pedagogical significance, analyzing the issue from three aspects： the analysis and contrast of corresponding lexis, the relationship between corresponding lexis and culture and its implication in teaching practice.

Lexis.com数据库检索方法与技巧

作为法学专业数据库,lexis.com检索入口、路径、方式都与普通外文数据库具有很大差异。本文介绍了Lexis.com数据库的基本检索方法、检索步骤,重点介绍了lexis.com的几个检索技巧。

Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing techniques.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instruments.While earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space plasma.To investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator model.The simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic field.We first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial views.We then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the magnetopause.Our results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray images.For instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this region.Likewise,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath associated with mirror-mode structures can result in an enhancement in the soft X-ray signal by 4%.These are likely conservative estimates,given that the solar wind conditions used in the Vlasiator run can be expected to generate weaker soft X-ray emissions than the more common denser solar wind.These results will contribute to the preparatory work for the SMILE and LEXI missions by providing the community with quantitative estimates of the effects of small-scale,transient phenomena occurring on the dayside.

Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind conditions.To suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray images.In this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is maximized.Two assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause curvature.We create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson noise.We then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea ks.From the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground truth.Our method estimates RS with an accuracy of<0.3 RE when the solar wind density exceeds>10 cm-3.The accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic fields.The method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field turnings.Consequently,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the dayside reconnection modes for dynamic solar wind conditions.This technique will suppo rt the LEXI and SMILE missions in achieving their scientific o bjectives.

外文法律专业数据库在湘潭大学的利用现状——以Lexis数据库为例

本文通过研究以Lexis法律专业数据库为代表的外文法律数据库在湘潭大学的利用状况,从使用对象、使用频率、使用内容、使用效果四个方面进行调查分析,以总结出外文法律专业数据库在中国高校的发展现状,并对存在的问题进行针对性的分析,提高对外文法律数据库的利用能力。

国外法律信息资源检索策略的制定方法

阐述了国外法律信息资源的文献特点和法律文本特征,指出国外法律信息资源检索要遵循的步骤有:分析课题内容,选定法律词汇,制定检索式,确定检索途径,评价检索结果。并就典型检索任务在lexis和westlaw数据库中的检索策略优化给予举例。

On the naturalization of lexical choices in Sino-English translator training

Through analyzing the difference between British lexis and Americanism and the translation teaching status quo related with lexical choices, the author elaborates on translator competence training in the lexical choice of Sino-English translation, and who puts forwards several suggestions on how to facilitate the effective communication between the business persons through naturalizing the lexical choices in Sino-English translation.

Chinese Network Language and Its Influences on Chinese

With the rapid development of Internet communication in China,more and more people use computers and Chinese Internet Language becomes very popular.This paper has a brief introduction of CIL from the perspective of vocabulary and tense,and discusses CIL’s influences on language teaching and multi-literacy.

论词块理论在二语词汇习得中的作用(英文)

Lexis Acquisition has increasingly been regarded as a crucial aspect of Second Language Acquisition(SLA).This thesis discusses some of the theoretical studies on L2 Lexis Acquisition and focuses on a newly-introduced theory,Prefabricated Chunks Theory,in the attempt to provide L2 learners with some enlightenment in their Lexis Acquisition.

Influence of French on English During 1100 to 1400

French,the language then spread in a wide range,stands in the breach and become one of the main sources of the foreign fea-tures in English.Nevertheless,the process by which English underwent the influence from French cannot have been comparable withthat which led to the majority of Scandinavian addition,because the contacts between English and French was limited onto several as-pects.This essay aims to find out the main influence French brought to Middle English during the period of c.1100-c.1400 on everycontext.

对Enrica Lexie案所涉刑事管辖争端的分析

2015年8月24日国际海洋法法庭对意大利和印度之间持续了三年半之久的Enrica Lexie案作出适用临时措施的裁定,目前该案的实体仲裁尚在进行之中。对本案的管辖权归属问题《联合国海洋法公约》中的条文并不能直接适用,需要仲裁庭对相关条款进行解释,或参考其他国际法渊源。该案之所以值得关注是因为它涉及了为抗击海盗活动而由武装人员对商船进行护航这个新领域,提出了国际法下的新问题:武装护航人员的地位、身份如何?在外国可否享有刑事管辖豁免?是否涉及国家责任?"外国官员的刑事管辖豁免"也是国际法委员会正在进行的议题。本案的处理结果对于世界范围内国家军队承担的武装护航任务、私人武装安保公司进行的护航都有借鉴指导意义。