Preparation of Light-weight Spinel Refractories by Foaming-gel Process

Light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel materi- als were prepared by foaming-gel process with polyalumi- nium chloride （PAC） as gel. Effect of solid loading in initial slurry on microstructure, porosity, pore size distri- bution, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that the bulk density of the light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel mate- rials is in the range of O. 7 1.2 g cm-3 ; pore size distribution curves show single-peak characteristics and the mean pore size is in the range of 30. 83 - 61.37 μm ; with the increase of solid loading, the linear shrinkage of the green body during firing and the permanent change in dimensions on heating at l 600 ℃ for 3 h de- crease, but the bulk density increases, the mechanical properties increase obviously; the maximum compressive strength and bending strength reach 35. 25 MPa and 9. 92 MPa, respectively, while the bulk density is 1. 16 g · cm ; and the thermal conductivity at 1 000 ℃ tea- ches 0. 371 W · m-1 . K-1 while the bulk density is O. 7 -3 g · cm

Progress in Light-weight High Entropy Alloys

High entropy alloys(HEAs)possess good mechanical properties and a wide range of industrial applications.In this paper,phase formation prediction theory,microstructure,properties and preparation methods of light-weight HEAs(LWHEAs)were reviewed.The problems and challenges faced by LWHEAs development were analyzed.The results showed that many aspects are still weak and require investigation for future advanced alloys,such as clarification of the role of entropy in phase formation and properties of HEAs,improved definition and different generations division of HEAs,close-packed hexagonal(HCP)phase structure prediction and corresponding alloy design and fabrication.Finally,some suggestions were presented in this paper including in-depth research on formation mechanism of multi-component alloy phase and strengthening of large-scale HEA preparation methods via technology compounding and 3D printing technology.Also,there is a need for more research on the in-situ preparation of HEA coatings and films,as well as developing LWHEAs with superior strength and elevated temperature resistance or ultra-low temperature resistance to meet the requirements of future engineering applications.

Investigation on microstructures and properties of semi-solid Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5)light-weight high-entropy alloy during isothermal heat treatment process

The Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5)light-weight high-entropy alloy with globular microstructure was fabricated by isothermal heat treatment.The effects of isothermal temperatures and holding times on the semi-solid microstructure evolution were investigated.The results indicate that,with increase of the isothermal temperature,the average grain size increases and the spheroidization time shortens.With prolongation of holding time,the shape factor increases firstly and then decreases,and the average grain size decreases at first and then increases when the isothermal temperature is below 520°C,however it increases gradually at 540℃.The optimal semi-solid microstructure is obtained at 520℃ for 30 min,whose shape factor and average grain size are 0.90 and 56.4μm,respectively.Compared with as-cast Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5) light-weight high-entropy alloy,the compressive strength and plasticity of semi-solid Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5) light-weight high-entropy alloy are increased by 36%and 108%,respectively.The formation of semi-solid microstructures includes three stages:melting separation,spheroidization,and coarsening growth.The sluggish diffusion effect of Al_(80)Mg_(5)Li_(5)Zn_(5)Cu_(5) light-weight high-entropy alloy leads to a low coarsening rate,resulting in slow grain growth.

Ultra-thin and light-weight spoof surface plasmon polariton coupler achieved by broadside coupled split ring resonators

Low profile and light weight are very important for practical applications of a spoof surface plasmon polariton（SSPP）coupler, especially at low frequencies. In this paper, we propose and design an ultra-thin, light-weight SSPP coupler based on broadside coupled split ring resonators（BC-SRRs）. The size of BC-SRR can be far less than λ/100 and can extremely well control the reflective phases within a subwavelength thickness. Due to the broadside capacitive coupling, the electrical size of BC-SRR is dramatically reduced to guarantee the ultra-thin thickness of the SSPP coupler. The weight of the SSPP coupler is reduced by a low occupation ratio of BC-SRR in the unit cell volume. As an example, a C-band SSPP coupler composed of phase gradient BC-SRRs is designed, fabricated, and measured. Due to the ultra-small size and low occupation ratio of BC-SRRs, the thickness of the coupler is λ/12 and the surface density is only 0.98 kg/m^2. Both simulation and experiment results verify that the coupler can achieve high-efficiency SPP coupling at 5.27 GHz under normal incidence.

Effect of Commercial Synthappret BAP Treatment on the Tailorability of Light-Weight Worsted Wool Fabrics

By means of measurement with the FAST instruments,the effect of commercial Synthappret BAP treatment on the tailorability of light-weight wool worsted fabrics has been investigated. It was found that the commercial Synthappret BAP treatment improved the tailorability of the light-weight wool fabrics mainly by increasing the bending stiffness of the light-weight wool fabrics.

Principles and Chief Technologies in Developing Light-weighted Worsted Fabrics

More and more light-weighted fabrics are being required by the market, especially for the worsted manufacture.In the past, such fabrics are produced mainly through changing the structure of woven goods or by using finer yarns. But these possibilities are very limited. In this paper, new devices are discussed: (1) on the yarn level- to use single yarns instead of conventional doubled ones, to decrease number of fibers in yarn cross sections beth during spinning and after finishing; (2) on the fiber level - to use finer fibers in blends with wool and modification of the wool fibers; (3) on the macromolecule level - to stretch the macromolecules in alpha keratin, to get super fine wool fibers.

Effects of Spherical Light-weight Aggregates Additions on Workability and Mechanical Properties of Al_2O_3-SiO_2 System Castables

In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-weight aggre- gates, bauxite homogenization powder, microsilica , cal- cium aluminate cement as main raw materials, light- weight Al2 03 - SiO2 system castables were prepared by replacing conventional light-weight aggregate with spherical light-weight aggregates. The effects of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates addition on workability, me- chanical properties of castables after heated at different temperatures were researched; the microstructure of the aggregates was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that the introduction of spherical light-weight aggregates can significantly improve the flowability and reduce the water addition of the castables. Water demand of the castable is reduced from 18% with the conventional light-weight aggregates to 14% with spherical light-weight aggre- gates. In addition, light-weight castables prepared by spherical aggregates can keep the same workability with- in a wider range of water addition. Therefore, spherical aggregates are user-friendly. The introduction of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates is favorable to packing densi- ty and mechanical properties of castables, such as cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, hot modulus of rupture at 1 200℃.

A Study of Thermal Response and Flow Field Coupling Simulation around Hayabusa Capsule Loaded with Light-Weight Ablator

The numerical simulation of flow field around Hayabusa capsule loaded with light-weight ablator thermal response coupled with pyrolysis gas flow inside the ablator was carried out. In addition, the radiation from high temperature gas around the capsule was coupled with flow field. Hayabusa capsule reentered the atmosphere about 12 km/sec in velocity and Mach number about 30. During such an atmospheric entry, space vehicle is exposed to very savior aerodynamic heating due to convection and radiation. In this study, Hayabusa capsule was treated as a typical model of the atmospheric entry spacecraft. The light-weight ablator had porous structure, and permeability was an important parameter to analyze flow inside ablator. In this study, permeability was a variable parameter dependent on density of ablator. It is found that the effect of permeability of light-weight ablator was important with this analysis.

Prickle of Light-Weight Worsted Woven Wool Fabrics

Using the forearm test, the prickle of 26 commercially available light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics and 7 other fiber fabrics were studied under (24±1)℃ temperature and (65±5)% RH conditions. The surface fiber diameter of part of the wool fabrics was measured using a microscope. It was found that most of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics gave a prickle sensation under the above conditions. The prickle sensation was significantly correlated with the mean fiber diameter of the surface hairiness. It was also found that the prickle of the light-weight worsted woven wool fabrics was significantly correlated with the number of surface fibers which were coarser than 26 μm diameter.

轻质高绝缘复合芯体制备及其在66 kV复合横担中的应用

随着“双碳”战略的逐步落实,新型复合材料横担正逐步代替铁制横担,在电力线路中的应用日益广泛。文中制备得到密度为1.1 g/cm^(3)的66 kV轻质高绝缘复合绝缘横担,并对其进行吸水率、染料渗透、水扩散泄漏电流、击穿强度、热诱导、机械及电气试验。试验结果表明:填充芯体材料样品的质量吸水率为0.141%,水扩散泄漏电流小于103.3μA,交流击穿强度大于71 kV/cm,各项性能指标均达到DL/T 1580—2016棒形复合绝缘子用芯棒技术规范对于理化性能、电气性能及机械性能的标准要求,样品及横担整体无明显缺陷,横担耐老化性较好。同时,轻质高绝缘复合绝缘横担微观界面结合良好,绝缘性能优于传统实心横担,满足新型电力系统清洁低碳、安全可靠的应用需求。

刚性挡土墙后轻量土静止土压力特性模型试验研究

为了研究轻量土对挡土结构物的减压机理,通过开展大比尺刚性挡土墙模型试验,采用重物堆载的方式在填土表面施加均布荷载,分析重塑黄土和轻量土作为墙后填土时的静止土压力分布规律。结果表明:轻量土在养护阶段的静止土压力随着时间增长而逐渐增大,但增幅逐渐降低。重塑黄土和轻量土的静止土压力随着填土深度增加近似线性增大,并且静止土压力随着加载而逐渐增大,其中重塑黄土的增幅明显偏大。对比重塑黄土和轻量土的静止土压力,发现轻量土具有明显的减压作用,且填土表面均布荷载越大,轻量土的减压效果越好。重塑黄土和轻量土的静止土压力系数均不是常数,其中重塑黄土静止土压力系数为0.34~0.78,轻量土静止土压力系数为0.22~0.55。当填土表面作用均布荷载时,传统理论在计算重塑黄土静止土压力方面适用性较高,但轻量土计算误差较大。结合模型试验以及传统理论,提出了适用于轻量土的静止土压力修正公式,对比发现其相对误差总体上介于1.01%~23.13%。通过模型试验和理论计算揭示了轻量土的静止土压力特性,对于完善轻量土土压力理论具有重要意义。

基于YOLOv5的零件识别轻量化算法

为了解决现有的基于深度学习的零件识别模型参数量过大、检测速度慢、检测精度低的问题,以YOLOv5模型为基础,提出了结合轻量级网络和Transformer的零件识别算法。首先,设计了一种轻量级主干特征提取网络,以减少网络的参数量和计算量,并提升推理速度;其次,将Transformer模块与C3模块融合构成C3TR模块,以增强小目标的检测能力;最后,引入噪音净化模块,通过过滤噪音来提高零件识别模型的准确率。模型的检测平均准确率和平均召回率分别达到了86.7%和85.5%,相较原模型分别提升了和24.2%和17.4%。实验结果表明,改进后的模型在实现模型轻量化的同时,具有更快的检测速度和更高的识别准确率。

基于ID-YOLO的数字仪表检测方法

当前针对数字式仪表检测算法在边缘设备具有实时性差、泛化性差的问题,对此提出一种采用ID-YOLO(instrument detection-you only look once)模型的变电站数字仪表检测识别方法。所提算法以YOLOv5模型为基础,首先设计轻量骨干网络(light weight-YOLO, LW-YOLO)提取图像特征,降低网络参数,提高检测实时性;然后设计了一种双级路由注意力模块(bi-level routing attention moudle, BRAM),提高网络对小数点的检测精度以及网络的鲁棒性和泛化性;最后,引入损失函数α-IoU,通过设定不同的可调节参数α数值得到更准确的真实框与预测框的交并比计算,可以提高模型的检测精度。结果表明:相比于其他基于深度学习的数字仪表检测识别方法,所提方法在不同显示方式的数字仪表识别任务上具有更好的准确性和泛化性,而且可以在检测准确率领先的情况下,将模型在边缘设备上的检测速度从6.87帧/s提升至8.77帧/s,其实时性和检测精度均能够满足实际变电站智能数据采集、检测识别的工程需要。

低品位蓝晶石制备锂离子电池窑炉用莫来石轻质隔热材料

为实现对低品位蓝晶石的综合利用,以低品位蓝晶石、α-Al_(2)O_(3)微粉和黏土为主要原料,在10 MPa下机压成型,分别经1450和1500℃保温3 h热处理,通过燃尽物法制备了莫来石轻质隔热材料。研究了黏土加入量(加入质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%、20%)和热处理温度(1450、1500℃)对试样体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、热导率以及抗锂离子电池正极材料侵蚀性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明:黏土的引入促进了试样的致密化和莫来石化反应,提高了试样体积密度、热导率和强度,添加20%(w)黏土的试样经1450℃烧后物理性能最佳,其体积密度为0.88 g·cm^(-3),常温耐压强度为21.0 MPa,热导率为0.25 W·(m·K)^(-1);当热处理温度为1450℃,黏土加入量为10%(w)时,试样具有较好的抗锂离子电池正极材料侵蚀性能。

某七节折臂式起重机伸缩臂截面尺寸优化

针对七节折臂式起重机伸缩臂截面进行了尺寸优化设计,旨在实现轻量化,提高机动性和承载能力。运用Solidworks进行伸缩臂的参数化建模,结合Ansys中间复合材料设计方法,生成了一系列样本数据并采用NSGA-II算法进行优化,最终确定最佳的截面尺寸。优化结果显示,在保持结构安全性和可靠性的前提下,改进后的伸缩臂减重率达到15.07%,验证了优化方法的有效性和可行性。

1990-2020年长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光的空间关系

基于1990-2020年长三角地区的土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据,运用InVEST生境质量评估模型、双变量空间自相关、相关系数对生境质量与夜间灯光的时空关系进行研究,并应用地理加权回归和归纳法分析两者的响应规律,结果表明:(1)浙江省总体上生境最优且城镇发展最快,安徽省在城镇快速发展的同时生境相对下降最少,生境质量和夜间灯光空间分布格局呈现出与区位、地形等因素的空间耦合性。(2)长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光指数随着时间的发展空间上的依赖性越来越强,聚类模式主要为高-低、低-高及低-低3种。高-低聚类区域主要分布在浙江省和安徽省的南部、西部的山地丘陵,研究期内呈现缩小的趋势;低-高聚类区域在长三角东部平原区呈集聚分布、北部平原丘陵区呈零散分布,呈现扩张趋势。(3)不同年份各省份生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈显著负相关,且经济越发达的省份,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系越强;生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈高度负相关的区县主要分布在长江下游沿岸和浙江省东部,相关性不显著的区县主要分布在安徽省、江苏省的北部,变化类型以负相关关系持续增强型占比最高。(4)生境质量与夜间灯光指数的相关关系随着城市发展呈U型变化,即随着城市发展,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系先增强后下降。研究结果可为长三角城市可持续发展、生境调控提供前期基础。

高强度木单板/异氰酸酯复合材料制备及性能优化

通过脱除木质素的方法对木材进行前处理是制备高强度木基复合材料的一种重要手段,然而,脱除木质素过程中会产生大量废液,且不利于工业化应用。在当前“双碳”目标以及绿色发展的背景下,探究一种低碳环保、简单高效的高强度木基复合材料的制备方法对提升木材附加值显得尤为重要。基于此,以桦木单板和聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(pMDI)为原材料,采用正交试验研究热压温度、热压时间以及pMDI添加量对高强度木单板/异氰酸酯复合材料(pMDI-WC)的力学性能、耐水性和表面颜色的影响。结果表明,热压温度、热压时间和pMDI添加量对pMDI-WC的力学性能、耐水性和表面颜色均具有显著的影响。厚度为6 mm的pMDI-WC最佳热压温度、热压时间和pMDI添加量分别为170℃、20 min和10%,在最优工艺条件下制备出具有优异力学性能的pMDI-WC,其弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别是473.59和408.56 MPa。在热压温度180℃、热压时间20 min、pMDI添加量20%的条件下,pMDI-WC的耐水性最优。pMDI-WC不仅具有轻质高强特性,而且制备工艺简单、绿色环保,这对提高木材的高附加值利用和复合材料的绿色发展具有重要意义。

基于差分进化算法的减速器齿轮参数优化设计

根据上海道路循环工况,利用载荷的随机连续性和20CrMnMo材料的低载强化特性进行减速器齿轮有限寿命的轻量化设计。基于线性损伤理论,分别计算编制载荷谱和连续载荷谱在低载强化效应下的疲劳损伤,将疲劳损伤约束在一定范围内为选取条件,以齿轮体积最小为优化目标,建立了齿轮有限寿命的轻量化优化模型,通过差分进化算法求解得到优化后的齿轮参数。实验结果表明,设计的模型可快速准确优化齿轮参数,在采用连续载荷谱和考虑低载强化效应时,优化的齿轮参数最小。优化的模型可移植性好,可直接迁移到其他变速系统零件的轻量化设计。

基于改进YOLOv5s的车脸检测算法

针对车检站中车辆检测的实际需求,提出一种改进YOLOv5s的轻量级车脸检测算法。使用ShuffleNetV2网络作为Backbone,在保证模型检测精度的同时实现模型的轻量化与实时性;将通道-空间注意力(SA-Net)与跨通道注意力(Triplet)相结合,提出一种跨通道-空间注意力模块(SA-Triplet attention, STA),提高模型的检测精度;提出一种基于STA注意力模块的跨层特征融合模块(SA-Triplet attention feature fusion, STA-FF),进一步提高模型的检测精度。在自建车脸检测数据集Car-Data上进行实验,所提模型的平均检测精度达到了94.3%,检测速度达到了105.60 FPS,模型参数量为12.36 M。

边界辅助监督的轻量化卫星部件语义分割网络

空间卫星部件的准确分割对于在轨对接及维修等具有重要意义,然而太空场景的特殊性导致卫星及其部件和太空背景的像素数量差异悬殊,同时不同部件在相邻区域难以区分.本文提出边界辅助监督的轻量化卫星部件语义分割网络(edge-auxiliary supervised components segmentation network,EASCSN),经过双分支结构提取多尺度特征和全局语义信息,并以级联形式将语义信息注入到空间特征中,采用多尺度特征聚合解码器处理编码器特征并完成部件分割.此外,为了提高网络边界感知能力,增加边界监督策略辅助训练.在公开数据集的定性与定量实验证明,本方法能在实时且轻量的前提下准确完成卫星部件语义分割,其中平均交并比达到74.74%,平均准确率达到80.99%,计算量和参数量仅为6.08GFLOPS(giga floating-point operations per second)和5.45M,在NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU上分割速度能够达到43.29帧每秒.高效的卫星部件识别具有辅助感知目标卫星结构和完成空间任务的应用价值,并具备推广星上计算机的潜力.