Differential effect of aqueous Desmodium gangeticum root extract mediated TiO2 nanoparticles on isolated mitochondria, cells and Wistar rats

Objective: To study the renal toxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiNPs)prepared by chemical and green route.Methods: TiNPs were prepared by chemical(sol gel technique) and green route(using aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum root by using titanium tetraisopropoxide as precursor). Thus prepared TiNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffractometry and evaluated its renal toxic impact in different experimental models viz., Wistar rats(100 mg/kg b.wt.; oral), LLC-PK1 cells(100 mg/m L) and isolated renal mitochondria(0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/m L).Results: Compared to the chemically synthesized TiNPs, Desmodium gangeticum synthesized nanoparticles showed less nephrotoxicity, determined by elevated serum renal markers like urea(62%), creatinine(35%), aspartate aminotransferase(61%) and alanine transaminase(37%) and the result was in agreement with cellular toxicity(measured by MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase activity). Further toxicity evaluation at the level of mitochondria showed not much significant difference in TiNPs effect between two synthetic routes.Conclusions: The biochemical findings in renal tissue and epithelial cell(LLC-PK1)supported by histopathology examination and isolated mitochondrial activity showed minor toxicity with TiNPs prepared by green route(Ti NP DG) than TiNP Chem.

葡萄糖、胰岛素和尿酸对猪近端肾小管上皮细胞株血红素氧合酶-1的影响

目的观察不同浓度葡萄糖、胰岛素和尿酸的培养条件下猪近端肾小管上皮细胞株(LLC-PK1)血红素氧合酶(HO-1)活性的改变,以探讨代谢相关因素在细胞水平对肾小管上皮细胞的影响。方法以LLC-PK1为研究对象,观察葡萄糖浓度为5、10、22、33 mmol/L,胰岛素浓度为0、10-9、10-8、10-7mol/L,尿酸浓度为0、0.1、0.2、0.4 mmol/L培养48 h条件下,LLC-PK1细胞HO-1活性的改变。结果0.1 mmol/L0、.2 mmol/L和0.4 mmol/L尿酸刺激48 h后,LLC-PK1的HO-1活性增加,并呈剂量依赖关系,而上述浓度的葡萄糖和胰岛素刺激48 h对LLC-PK1的HO-1活性无影响。结论一定浓度的尿酸可使LLC-PK1的HO-1活性升高,提示尿酸在细胞水平对肾小管上皮细胞的氧化应激过程产生影响。