The Ginzburg–Landau(GL) free energy of crystalline color superconductors is important for understanding the nature of the phase transition to the normal quark matter and predicting the preferred crystal structure. So...The Ginzburg–Landau(GL) free energy of crystalline color superconductors is important for understanding the nature of the phase transition to the normal quark matter and predicting the preferred crystal structure. So far the GL free energy at zero temperature has only been evaluated up to the sixth order in the condensate. To give quantitative reliable predictions we need to evaluate the higher-order terms. In this work,we present a new derivation of the GL free energy by using the discrete Bloch representation of the fermion field. This derivation introduces a simple matrix formalism without any momentum constraint,which may enable us to calculate the GL free energy to arbitrary order by using a computer.展开更多
The ATRAP (antihydrogen trap collaboration) at CERN (European organization for nuclear research) has developed a completely new, larger and more robust apparatus in the second experimental zone. The antiproton annihil...The ATRAP (antihydrogen trap collaboration) at CERN (European organization for nuclear research) has developed a completely new, larger and more robust apparatus in the second experimental zone. The antiproton annihilation detector system consists of 10 layers of scintillating fibers, counts the antihydrogen atoms and determines the annihilation vertex of the atoms. This diagnostic element will allow to optimize the production of cold antihydrogen sufficiently to permit the optical observations and measurements. Using this new apparatus thousands of antihydrogen atoms have been produced within a combined Penning-Ioffe trap. These observed antihydrogen atoms resolve a debate about whether positrons and antiprotons can be brought together to form antihydrogen atoms within the divergent magnetic fields of a quadrupole Ioffe trap.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11335005the Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant Nos.2013CB922000 and 2014CB845400by the US Department of Energy Topical Collaboration"Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis in Hot and Dense Matter"
文摘The Ginzburg–Landau(GL) free energy of crystalline color superconductors is important for understanding the nature of the phase transition to the normal quark matter and predicting the preferred crystal structure. So far the GL free energy at zero temperature has only been evaluated up to the sixth order in the condensate. To give quantitative reliable predictions we need to evaluate the higher-order terms. In this work,we present a new derivation of the GL free energy by using the discrete Bloch representation of the fermion field. This derivation introduces a simple matrix formalism without any momentum constraint,which may enable us to calculate the GL free energy to arbitrary order by using a computer.
基金Supported by the NSF (Grant No. 0306308) AFOSR of the US, the BMBF, MPG and FZ-Juelich of Germany, and the NSERC, CRC, CFI (Grant No. 3756) and OIT of Canada
文摘The ATRAP (antihydrogen trap collaboration) at CERN (European organization for nuclear research) has developed a completely new, larger and more robust apparatus in the second experimental zone. The antiproton annihilation detector system consists of 10 layers of scintillating fibers, counts the antihydrogen atoms and determines the annihilation vertex of the atoms. This diagnostic element will allow to optimize the production of cold antihydrogen sufficiently to permit the optical observations and measurements. Using this new apparatus thousands of antihydrogen atoms have been produced within a combined Penning-Ioffe trap. These observed antihydrogen atoms resolve a debate about whether positrons and antiprotons can be brought together to form antihydrogen atoms within the divergent magnetic fields of a quadrupole Ioffe trap.
