Favorable lithofacies and pore characteristics of the Permian Longtan Formation shale in the southern Sichuan Basin

The marine–continental transitional shale (MCTS) reservoirs of the Longtan Formation (LTF) are widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin. However, the LTF shale exhibits considerable variations in mineral composition and pore characteristics, which makes identifying the 'sweet spot'a challenging task. To address this issue, 10 samples from four typical shale gas wells in the LTF in the southern Sichuan Basin were selected and analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) content, whole-rock composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-pressure gas adsorption, and high-pressure mercury intrusion. The lithofacies distribution and pore structure of the MCTS were studied to determine the pore structural characteristics and the primary factors influencing pore formation in different types of shale lithofacies in the LTF. The lithofacies of the LTF shale in the study area can be classified into three categories: siliceous clay shale, clay shale and mixed shale. Mineral content has a significant impact on the pore characteristics, while TOC content has a minor effect on the pore volume and specific surface area of micropores and mesopores. It can be inferred that the mesopores in the MCTS are mainly related to clay mineral pores, and mineral dissolution and TOC content are not the primary factors contributing to pore formation.

Geological characteristics and co-exploration and co-production methods of Upper Permian Longtan coal measure gas in Yangmeishu Syncline, Western Guizhou Province, China

Coal measure gas(also known as coal-bearing unconventional gas)is the key field and development direction of unconventional natural gas in recent years.The exploration and evaluation of coal measure gas(coalbed methane,coal shale gas and coal measure tight sandstone gas)from single coalbed methane has greatly expanded the field and space of resource evaluation,which is of positive significance for realizing the comprehensive utilization of coal resources,maximizing the benefits and promoting the innovation of oil and gas geological theory and technological advances in exploration and development.For the first time,in Yangmeishu Syncline of Western Guizhou Province,the public welfare coalbed methane geological survey project of China Geological Survey has been carried out a systematic geological survey of coal measure gas for the Upper Permian Longtan Formation,identified the geological conditions of coal measure gas and found high quality resources.The total geological resource quantity of coalbed methane and coal shale gas is 51.423×109 m3 and the geological resource abundance is up to 566×106 m3/km2.In this area,the coal measures are characterized by many layers of minable coal seams,large total thickness,thin to the medium thickness of the single layer,good gas-bearing property of coal seams and coal measure mudstone and sandstone,good reservoir physical property and high-pressure coefficient.According to the principle of combination of high quality and similarity of key parameters of the coal reservoir,the most favorable intervals are No.5-2,No.7 and No.13-2 coal seam in Well YMC1.And the pilot tests are carried out on coal seams and roof silty mudstone,such as staged perforation,increasing hydraulic fracturing scale and"three gas"production.The high and stable industrial gas flow with a daily gas output of more than 4000 m3 has been obtained,which has realized the breakthrough in the geological survey of coal measure gas in Southwest China.Based on the above investigation results,the geological characteristics of coal measure gas in the multi-thin-coal-seam-developed area and the coexploration and co-production methods,such as the optimization method of favorable intervals,the highefficiency fracturing and reservoir reconstruction method of coal measures,and the"three gas"drainage and production system,are systematically summarized in this paper.It will provide a reference for efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas in similar geological conditions in China.

Sedimentary Facies and Coal Accumulation of the Northern Type Longtan Formation in Central Hunan,Southern China

The northern type Longtan Formation of the Late Permian in central Hunan is dominated by an assemblage of greyish black mudstone,siltstone, sandy mudstone,fine sandstone and coals,and contains a variety of sedimentary structures such as thin sandstone-mudstone interbedded bedding,flaser beddings,lenticular beddings,horizontal

Development Prospects of Processing and Utilization of Longtan Pearl Plum

Longtan pearl plum, as a new dominant fruit industry in Guangxi, has developed rapidly in recent years and become one of the major economic sources of fruit growers in Guangxi. It has a positive effect on promoting economic development and helping farmers to get out of poverty in Guangxi. But there is almost nothing to do with the processing and utilization. Taking the route of processing and utilization is an inevitable trend of development of Longtan pearl plum industry with the increase of the planting area and yield year by year. In this paper, based on the analysis of edible value of Longtan pearl plum, the development direction of processing and utilization of Longtan pearl plum was expounded, and some suggestions on the problems existing in the processing and utilization were put forward to provide reference for the processing and utilization of Longtan pearl plum.

Lithofacies and pore features of marine-continental transitional shale and gas enrichment conditions of favorable lithofacies:A case study of Permian Longtan Formation in the Lintanchang area,southeast of Sichuan Basin,SW China

In this work,the Permian Longtan marine-continental transitional shale in the southeast of Sichuan Basin was taken as study object.Through petrology and geochemical analysis,lithofacies types of the marine-continental transitional shale were classified,key controlling factors of physical properties and gas content of the different shale lithofacies were analyzed.The research results show that the Longtan Formation marine-continental transitional shale in the study area has four types of lithofacies,namely,organic-lean calcareous shale,organic-lean mixed shale,organic-lean argillaceous shale,and organic-rich argillaceous shale,among which the organic-rich argillaceous shale is the most favorable lithofacies of the study area.The pore types of different lithofacies vary significantly and the clay mineral-related pore is the dominant type of the pore system in the study area.The main controlling factor of the physical properties is clay mineral content,and the most important factor affecting gas content is TOC content.Compared with marine shale,the marine-continental transitional shale has low average values,wide distribution range,and strong heterogeneity in TOC content,porosity,and pore structure parameters,but still contains some favorable layers with high physical properties and gas contents.The organic-rich clay shale deposited in tidal flat-lagoon system is most likely to form shale gas sweet spots,so it should be paid more attention in shale gas exploration.

Nutritional Elements Related to Leaf Blight of Pearl Plum in Longtan Town

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between leaf blight of pearl plum and nutrient elements from the perspective of plant nutrition.[Methods]Branch and leaf samples of pearl plum plants infected by or free of leaf blight and the corresponding 0-30 cm cultivated soil were collected,and statistical analysis was conducted according to the changes in nutrient contents and the incidence of leaf blight,so as to look for nutrients in pearl plum plants associated with leaf blight,as well as soil constraint factors.[Results]Phosphorus,iron and manganese in nutrients may be related to leaf blight,and the factors affecting leaf blight may be the ratios of P/Fe and P/Mn in leaves.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for further research on the relationship between phosphorus,iron and manganese on the effect of leaf blight in pearl plum trees.

SYNTHETICAL REMOTE SENSING SURVEY AND MAPPING IN LONGTAN HYDROELECTRIC STATION

Long Tan Hydroelectric Station is planned to be built in the middle reaches of Hong Shui River between the Guongxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province where the terrain is complicated and the traffic is unconvenient. In order to speed up engineering design, the synthetical remote sensing survey and mapping had been made

A study on the genetic relations between Permian Longtan Formation coal series strata and Carlin-type gold deposits,southwestern Guizhou Province,China

A large number of the Carlin-type gold deposits occur in the Longtan Formation in southwestern Guizhou Province.The Long-tan Formation contains abundant basalt,tuff and siliceous rocks.All rocks of the Longtan Formation are enriched in gold,which were deposited in a limited platform environment in the transition zone from marine to continental.The process of sedimentation was accompanied by the eruption of Emeishan basalt and hydrothermal deposition controlled by co-sedimentary submarine deep faults in the west,which led to the formation of a peculiar gold-bearing formation with coal series strata.This formation controlled the occurrence of the Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou Province.In response to the remobilization of the Emei mantle plume during the Yanshanian period,As,Au and other ore-forming materials were continuously extracted by deeply circulating waters from the Emeishan basalt and coal seams,thereafter forming ore-forming hydrothermal solutions.When these elements were transported in the coal seams,large amounts of As,Au and other elements were enriched in pyrite within the coal seams,thus forming high-As coal and Carlin-type gold deposits in the Longtan Formation coal series strata.

Study on the S-wave Splitting Characteristics in the Longtan Reservoir Area,Guangxi,China

In this paper,the shear wave splitting features of the Longtan reservoir area are studied by adopting the traditional cross-correlation coefficient method and polarization analysis,using the data recorded by the seismic network founded by a project under the National Science and Technology Pillar Program from April 2009 to April 2010.We found that most of polarization directions at seismic stations are consistent with the direction of the overall regional stress field,but local structures and faults may control or influence the fast shear-wave polarization direction.The time-delay normalized to source-station path is between 10 to 25ms/km,and among them,the time-delay is about 10ms/km at the LIL and XIL sites,which are farther away from the dam.The water depth is relatively shallow and seismic activity relatively weak after water storage,indicating the effect of reservoir water penetration,or loading,on the state of cracks in the reservoir area.We also found that the delay time changes consistently with the water level at stations DPD and GAL.It may be related to crack expansion and water penetration caused by the reservoir impoundment.

川东地区龙潭组页岩岩性序列及勘探意义

川东地区龙潭组具有较大的页岩气勘探前景,该地层沉积于海陆过渡环境,沉积相变化快,岩性复杂,存在难以通过常规的矿物成分方法划分岩相以及当前岩相划分尚不精确的问题,制约了该地区龙潭组页岩有利岩相带识别及勘探。本文基于岩心观察、野外剖面实测和薄片鉴定,结合钻井的泥地比、单层岩性厚度,建立了川东地区龙潭组7种特征岩性组合模式(泥页岩型、富泥含砂型、富泥含灰型、灰泥互层型、富灰含泥型、致密灰岩型和火成岩型);综合TOC、孔隙度、含气性、脆性指数等页岩储层特征参数,明确了不同岩性组合在龙潭组各段的平面分布规律。研究表明,纵向上优势岩性组合主要为龙潭一段富泥含灰型和泥页岩型,龙潭二段主要为泥页岩型、灰泥互层型和富泥含灰型。平面上龙潭一段优势岩性组合富泥含灰型主要分布在开州—云阳一带,泥页岩型主要分布在重庆—綦江一带;龙潭二段优势岩性组合泥页岩型分布在巴南—綦江一带,灰泥互层型分布在达州一带,富泥含灰型分布在万州—梁平—石柱一带。该项研究成果为川东地区龙潭组页岩气勘探提供了重要依据。

川东二叠系龙潭组不同沉积环境下的页岩弹性波速度特征

笔者选取川东地区FT1井龙潭组页岩进行实验测试,在岩相划分的背景下,通过主微量元素研究川东龙潭组不同岩相的沉积环境,结合沉积环境对石英成因、TOC的影响,探讨不同沉积环境下的弹性波速度变化特征。研究结果表明:①混合质页岩和黏土质页岩处于低古生产力、富氧、陆源碎屑输入较高的沉积环境,其石英以陆源碎屑石英为主,TOC含量偏低;硅质页岩处于高古生产力、缺氧、陆源碎屑输入较低的沉积环境,其石英以生物成因石英为主,TOC含量较高。②混合质页岩和黏土质页岩以黏土颗粒作为岩石骨架,弹性波速度较低,且弹性波速度随石英含量呈上升趋势;硅质页岩以石英颗粒作为岩石骨架,弹性波速度较高,且弹性波速度随石英含量呈下降趋势。研究结果可为龙潭组页岩优势岩相勘探提供依据。

重庆地区二叠系龙潭组煤系地层非常规气地质特征分析

为探索重庆地区二叠系龙潭组煤系地层非常规气地质特征,基于区内煤田勘查、煤层(系)气勘查取得的地质资料及测试数据,对二叠系龙潭组煤系地层煤储层、暗色泥页岩储层、致密砂岩储层基本特征进行分析总结。研究表明,区内煤储层具有煤体结构以碎裂—块状为主、埋深中等、孔隙不发育、低孔低渗、含气量高的特点;暗色泥页岩储层具有低脆性、单层厚度薄、孔隙不发育、低孔低渗、含气量一般的特点;致密砂岩储层具有单层厚度薄、孔隙不发育、低孔低渗、含气性一般的特点。若考虑组合开发,具备一定的开发前景。

红水河龙滩水电站区间河系洪水预报方案研究

龙滩水电站是珠江流域防洪控制性工程,但目前缺乏较完整的河系洪水预报方案。为充分发挥龙滩水电站的防洪调蓄作用,选取了雷公滩、沫阳、平里河、平湖和仙人桥等支流控制站点,通过重要子区间分析确定重点关注区域,利用新安江三水源产流模型、三水源滞后演算汇流模型和马斯京根汇流演算法构建龙滩水电站区间河系洪水预报方案。研究结果表明:龙滩水电站最大入库洪水洪量占比通常为无控区间,其次为贵州区支流(蒙江、坝王河、曹渡河、六硐河),两者是洪水预报的关注重点;本研究构建的河系洪水预报方案整体洪峰流量、场次洪量的平均相对误差均为10%,平均确定性系数均在0.75以上,总体结果较好。因此,构建的龙滩水电站区间河系洪水预报方案能够应用于实时洪水作业预报中,也为进一步提升“四预”能力筑牢基础。

川东南南川区块龙潭组深部煤层气成藏特征及勘探前景

四川盆地东南缘南川区块Y2井直井自喷日产气1.3×104m^(3),获四川盆地东南缘深部煤层气勘探战略突破。为了系统揭示南川区块深部煤层气富集高产规律,通过区域地质、测试、化验及生产资料,从煤岩煤质、孔裂隙发育特征、含气性、可压性入手,开展深部煤层气成藏特征及勘探潜力评价。结果表明:研究区深部煤储层全区稳定分布,厚度在1.5~4.2 m,镜质体随机反射率Rran在1.6%~2.2%,为高镜质组含量、低灰分煤层,为煤层气成藏提供了物质基础;煤储层为“微孔-微裂隙”型储层,微孔占比达78.4%,其比表面积贡献达95%,利于煤层气吸附与保存,微裂隙发育,利于压裂改造及气体渗流;煤层具有“高含气量、富含游离气”的特征,总含气量12~37m^(3)/t,深部煤层气游离气占比一般在24%~36%,吸附临界转换深度在1500m左右;深部煤层水平应力差异系数小,煤体结构好,顶板为良好的应力隔档,天然裂缝与最大主应力夹角小,具有良好的可压性;丁山、林滩场等盆缘宽缓背斜及盆内高陡背斜是川东南深部煤层气勘探的有利区带。研究成果对川东南深部煤层气勘探具有重要的指导作用,也可为全国类似盆地深部煤层气勘探提供借鉴。

安徽省宣城地区龙潭组页岩孔隙发育特征及其影响因素

安徽省宣城地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气资源潜力大,已有钻井揭示其页岩含气性差异大,页岩气赋存富集机理复杂。通过总有机碳含量分析、岩石热解实验、X衍射、低温液氮吸附、二氧化碳吸附和场发射扫描电镜观测等手段,研究宣城地区龙潭组页岩中孔隙的大小、结构及类型,探讨影响其孔隙发育的主要因素。研究表明:(1)宣城地区龙潭组页岩中孔隙主要为半开放型,并且存在一定量的细颈瓶孔。其中,矿物孔较发育,主要为微米孔,孔隙数量多;有机孔发育数量较少,孔径为纳米级—微米级。(2)龙潭组页岩BET比表面积为4.2601~10.3068 m^(2)/g,平均为7.4290 m^(2)/g。介孔+宏孔体积为0.0049~0.0179 cm^(3)/g,平均为0.0089 cm^(3)/g;微孔体积为0.0019~0.0038 cm^(3)/g,平均为0.0026 cm^(3)/g。孔径大于10 nm的孔隙是页岩孔隙体积的主要贡献者。(3)高演化、矿物含量差异大等使得宣城地区龙潭组页岩孔隙发育规律性变得复杂,TOC含量和矿物含量明显影响着宣城地区龙潭组页岩孔隙体积,但与孔隙比表面积没有明显线性相关性。在宣城地区龙潭组页岩气后续勘探开发中,应注重较高TOC含量、较高碳酸盐矿物含量和较低黏土矿物含量的页岩。

龙潭港铁路专用线多式联运作业流程优化研究

南京都市圈正在建设更宽领域、更大范围、更深层次全面开放的高水平经济体制,为铁路集装箱运输全面融入多式联运体系,提供了难得的机遇。龙潭港区作为南京港重要的大型综合性深水港区、集装箱运输港区和重要的铁路集装箱集散中心,是南京建设长江航运物流中心的重要依托,发展前景与战略地位尤为突出。为探索龙潭港铁路专用线集装箱铁水联运“车船直取”模式可行性,通过对龙潭港集装箱铁水联运的现行作业流程进行深入分析研究,探索优化高效率的铁水联运作业模式,对加速集装箱铁水联运运转、提高作业效率具有重要的现实意义。

渝东南地区龙潭组煤层气高效压裂及排采工艺探索

渝东南地区面临煤层改造不充分、排采见气周期长、产量低等问题。为提高气井开发效率,以该地区D1井龙潭组开发为例,采用以“远支撑”为核心理念的大排量、大规模、多轮次压裂技术体系进行储层改造试验,并辅以“快排上产、达产稳压”排采工作制度。研究结果表明,此压裂技术的应用可显著改善储层导流能力,压完即见气,且在快速返排过程中气量日趋上涨,直至稳定于5000 m^(3)/d以上。

湖北襄阳地区龙潭组富锂黏土岩地球化学特征及其对物源和古沉积环境的指示

湖北襄阳地区二叠系龙潭组底部发育一套富锂黏土岩,其形成的古环境条件对黏土型锂矿找矿勘查具有重要指示作用。采集大坪矿区的龙潭组黏土岩样品,通过主量、微量和稀土元素分析,恢复黏土岩的古沉积环境和物源。结果表明,大坪矿区龙潭组黏土岩SiO_(2)含量为22.38%~41.08%,Al_(2)O_(3)含量为19.36%~34.80%,TFe_(2)O_(3)含量为1.36%~25.62%,整体呈现富硅、富铝、富铁的特征;Li_(2)O含量与累托石(r=0.738)、Cu(r=0.594)、Zn(r=0.724)具有较强的正相关性;Sr/Ba比值主要为2.62~14.00,指示古盐度为海相咸水;V/Cr比值为0.535~1.84,V/(V+Ni)比值为0.77~0.99,δCe为1.04~1.67,说明其沉积时属于还原环境;Sr/Cu比值为4.14~11.27,CIA值为76.20~88.11,指示古气候趋向于温暖或炎热的潮湿环境,物源区风化强烈。结合区域地质演化史,推断物源可能为勉略缝合带和南秦岭构造带中形成的与俯冲有关的岩浆岩,以及淮阳古陆出露的碳酸盐岩。在襄阳地区可以充分利用前人累托石黏土矿勘查成果,推进龙潭组黏土型锂矿的找矿勘查工作。

贵州织金文家坝地区铝土质泥岩成因分析

该文以贵州织金文家坝龙潭组下段铝土质泥岩为研究对象,结合沉积学、岩石学、地层学、矿床学、地球化学等理论和方法,划分了区域内龙潭组沉积相类型,认为铝土质泥岩为峨眉山玄武岩风化产物,经历了三个阶段的铝富集,但因峨眉山玄武岩风化作用不彻底,风化物中铝含量少,成岩后没有受构造运动抬升地表经受风化淋滤而未形成铝土矿。