Interfacial modification using the cross-linkable tannic acid for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells with excellent stability

Although the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been dramatically increased in recent years,stability is still the main obstacle preventing the PSCs from being commercial.PSC device instability can be caused by a variety of reasons,including ions diffusion,surface and grain boundary defects,etc.In this work,the cross-linkable tannic acid(TA)is introduced to modify perovskite film through post-treatment method.The numerous organic functional groups(–OH and C=O)in TA can interact with the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and I^(-)ions in perovskite,thus passivating defects and inhibiting ions diffusion.In addition,the formed TA network can absorb a small amount of the residual moisture inside the device to protect the perovskite layer.Furthermore,TA modification regulates the energy level of perovskite,and reduces interfacial charge recombination.Ultimately,following TA treatment,the device efficiency is increased significantly from 21.31%to 23.11%,with a decreased hysteresis effect.Notably,the treated device shows excellent air,thermal,and operational stability.In light of this,the readily available,inexpensive TA has the potential to operate as a multipurpose interfacial modifier to increase device efficiency while also enhancing device stability.

不同类型新生儿败血症的临床、病原菌特点及生化指标分析

目的:分析探讨不同类型新生儿败血症的临床、病原菌特点及生化指标差异。方法:选取本院2021年1月到2023年12月收治的血培养阳性的新生儿败血症患儿60例,将早发型新生儿败血症(Early onset neonatal sepsis,EONS)患儿30例纳入A组,晚发型新生儿败血症(Late onset neonatal sepsis,LONS)患儿30例纳入B组。收集并比较两组临床表现、病原菌分布、耐药性以及生化指标差异。结果:A组中,胎龄<37 w、出生体质量<2.5 kg、发热占比均低于B组(P<0.05);A组患儿新生儿窒息、羊水污染、黄疸、奶潴留发生率均高于B组(P<0.05)。A组病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感度最高;B组患儿病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对亚胺培南、美罗培南敏感度最高。A组血小板计数(Platelet,PLT)低于B组(P<0.05);A组平均血小板体积(Mean platelet volume,MPV)高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:不同类型新生儿败血症患儿临床表现、病原菌分布、生化指标存在一定差异,临床应注意鉴别诊断,并根据药敏结果选择抗生素治疗,避免抗生素滥用。

不同类型新生儿败血症的临床、病原菌特点及生化指标分析

目的:分析探讨不同类型新生儿败血症的临床、病原菌特点及生化指标差异。方法:选取本院2021年1月到2023年12月收治的血培养阳性的新生儿败血症患儿60例,将早发型新生儿败血症(early onset neonatal sepsis,EONS)患儿30例纳入A组,晚发型新生儿败血症(late onset neonatal sepsis,LONS)患儿30例纳入B组。收集并比较两组临床表现、病原菌分布、耐药性以及生化指标差异。结果:A组中,胎龄<37 w、出生体质量<2.5 kg、发热占比均低于B组(P<0.05);A组患儿新生儿窒息、羊水污染、黄疸、奶潴留发生率均高于B组(P<0.05)。A组病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感度最高;B组患儿病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对亚胺培南、美罗培南敏感度最高。A组血小板计数(Platelet,PLT)低于B组(P<0.05);A组平均血小板体积(Mean platelet volume,MPV)高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:不同类型新生儿败血症患儿临床表现、病原菌分布、生化指标存在一定差异,临床应注意鉴别诊断,并根据药敏结果选择抗生素治疗,避免抗生素滥用。

线粒体蛋白酶LONP1结构、功能与相关疾病研究进展

Lon蛋白酶是一种存在于细胞中的ATP依赖型蛋白酶,主要负责细胞内异常蛋白质的催化分解,以维持生物体内蛋白质的质量水平。Lon广泛参与细胞凋亡、细胞分化和DNA修复等细胞活动。近年来研究发现,哺乳动物细胞中的线粒体Lon(LONP1)异常表达与一系列疾病的发生发展相关,包括线粒体缺陷相关疾病、神经退行性疾病以及癌症等。鉴于LONP1活性的检测与调控对相关疾病的早期诊断和治疗的重要性,本文针对LONP1结构、功能、与相关疾病的关系、活性调控及检测方法作一系统综述。

Defect mediated losses and degradation of perovskite solar cells:Origin impacts and reliable characterization techniques

The rapid advancement of halide-based hybrid perovskite materials has garnered significant research attention,particularly in the domain of photovoltaic technology.Owing to their exceptional optoelec-tronic properties,they demonstrated power conversion efficiency(PcE)of over 25%in single junction solar cells.Despite the notable progress in PCE over the past decade,the inherent high defect density pre-senting in perovskite materials gives rise to several loss mechanisms and associated ion migration in per-ovskite solar cells(PsCs)during operational conditions.These factors collectively contribute to a significant stability challenge in PsCs,placing their longevity far behind for commercialization.While numerous reports have explored defects,ion migration,and their impacts on device performance,a com-prehensive correlation between the types of defects and the degradation kinetics of perovskite materials and PsCs has been lacking.In this context,this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins of defects and ion migration,emphasizing their correlation with the degradation kinetics of per-ovskite materials and PsCs,leveraging reliable characterization techniques.Furthermore,these charac-terization techniques are intended to comprehend loss mechanisms by different passivation approaches to enhance the durability and PCE of PSCs.

Phase-stable wide-bandgap perovskites enabled by suppressed ion migration

Wide-bandgap(>1.7 eV)perovskites suffer from severe light-induced phase segregation due to high bromine content,causing irreversible damage to devices stability.However,the strategies of suppressing photoinduced phase segregation and related mechanisms have not been fully disclosed.Here,we report a new passivation agent 4-aminotetrahydrothiopyran hydrochloride(4-ATpHCl)with multifunctional groups for the interface treatment of a 1.77-eV wide-bandgap perovskite film.4-ATpH^(+)impeded halogen ion migration by anchoring on the perovskite surface,leading to the inhibition of phase segregation and thus the passivation of defects,which is ascribed to the interaction of 4-ATpH^(+)with perovskite and the formation of low-dimensional perovskites.Finally,the champion device achieved an efficiency of 19.32%with an open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 1.314 V and a fill factor of 83.32%.Moreover,4-ATpHCl modified device exhibited significant improved stability as compared with control one.The target device maintained 80%of its initial efficiency after 519 h of maximum power output(MPP)tracking under 1 sun illumination,however,the control device showed a rapid decrease in efficiency after 267 h.Finally,an efficiency of 27.38%of the champion 4-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell was achieved by mechanically stacking this wide-bandgap top subcell with a 1.25-eV low-bandgap perovskite bottom subcell.

Revealing the stability origins of 596 days-humidity-stable semitransparentperovskite solar cells

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.However,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar cells need to be addressed.Here,we presented semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)using hole transport layer(HTL)combined with polyaniline(PANI)to stabilize HTL/perovskite interface,achieving a humidity durability(RH,50%-90%)for 596 days(14304 h)without encapsulation.Moreover,the decrease in hydrolysis products(LiF)showed the interaction between PANI with the addi-tives in HTL dramatically inhibited the water uptake and corrosion on MAPbI_(3),layer.The PANI modified samples had a higher I/Pb ratio and lower trap state density,which indicated the passivation effect of PANI on the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and iodine vacancies.Subsequently,PANI successfully stabilized the interface and perovskite by inhibiting the formation of Pb^(0) and Au migration as long period storage.This work presented an interfacial design to develop HOiP in air with high humidity stability.

Unravelling the ion transport and the interphase properties of a mixed olivine cathode for Na-ion battery

The replacement of Li by Na in an analogue battery to the commercial Li-ion one appears a sustainable strategy to overcome the several concerns triggered by the increased demand for the electrochemical energy storage.However,the apparently simple change of the alkali metal represents a challenging step which requires notable and dedicated studies.Therefore,we investigate herein the features of a NaFe_(0.6)Mn_(0.4)PO_(4)(NFMP)cathode with triphylite structure achieved from the conversion of a LiFe_(0.6)Mn_(0.4)PO_(4)(LFMP)olivine for application in Na-ion battery.The work initially characterizes the structure,morphology and performances in sodium cell of NFMP,achieving a maximum capacity exceeding 100 mAh g^(−1)at a temperature of 55℃,adequate rate capability,and suitable retention confirmed by ex-situ measurements.Subsequently,the study compares in parallel key parameters of the NFMP and LFMP such as Na^(+)/Li^(+)ions diffusion,interfacial characteristics,and reaction mechanism in Na/Li cells using various electrochemical techniques.The data reveal that relatively limited modifications of NFMP chemistry,structure and morphology compared to LFMP greatly impact the reaction mechanism,kinetics and electrochemical features.These changes are ascribed to the different physical and chemical features of the two compounds,the slower mobility of Na^(+)with respect to Li^(+),and a more resistive electrode/electrolyte interphase of sodium compared with lithium.Relevantly,the study reveals analogue trends of the charge transfer resistance and the ion diffusion coefficient in NFMP and LFMP during the electrochemical process in half-cell.Hence,the NFMP achieved herein is suggested as a possible candidate for application in a low-cost,efficient,and environmentally friendly Na-ion battery.

基于光纤通信技术的铁路电力远动系统控制方法

由于远动系统信道配置的适应性难以满足客观应用需求,导致铁路电力远动系统数据包传输时间较长,控制效果不佳。为此,提出基于光纤通信技术的铁路电力远动系统控制方法研究。以远动系统中的信道为研究对象,设计局部操作网络(LocalOperating Network,LON)现场总线布局后,结合光纤通信技术对远动系统传输进行控制。经实验证明,利用该方法对远动系统进行控制后,数据包的传输时间为0.2~0.8 s,传输时间可始终保持在1 s以下,说明利用该方法对铁路电力远动系统控制的效果较好。

An amorphous manganese iron oxide hollow nanocube cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs) are attracting considerable attentions for practical energy storage because of their low cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the traditional manganese oxide cathode materials suffer from the low intrinsic electronic conductivity,sluggish ions diffusion kinetics,and structural collapse,hindering their large-scale application.Herein,we successfully developed a latent amorphous Mn_(1.8)Fe_(1.2)O_(4) hollow nanocube(a-H-MnFeO) cathode material derived from Prussian blue analogue precursor.The amorphous nature endows the cathode with lower diffusion barrier and narrower band gap compared with crystalline counterpart,resulting in the superior Zn^(2+) ions and electrons transport kinetics.Hollow structure can furnish abundant surface sites and suppress the structural collapse during the repeated charge/discharge processes.By virtue of the multiple advantageous features,the a-H-MnFeO cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,in terms of high capacity,excellent rate capability,and prolonged cycle life.This strategy will pave the way for the structural design of emerging cathode materials.

Lon蛋白酶1抑制脂质过氧化缓解多巴胺能神经细胞铁死亡的机制研究

目的探讨铁死亡脂质过氧化损伤在帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)细胞模型中的作用机制,并研究Lon蛋白酶1(Lon Protease 1,LONP1)抑制脂质过氧化缓解多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)能神经细胞铁死亡的可能机制。方法采用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)干预人神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y)构建PD细胞模型,CCK-8法筛选适宜造模浓度及测定细胞存活率;使用LONP1基因过表达质粒转染SH-SY5Y细胞,设立正常对照(NC)组、PD组、铁死亡抑制剂(Ferrostatin-1,Fer-1)+PD组、LONP1过表达+PD组及LONP1基因空载组;倒置荧光显微镜下观察细胞形态和质粒转染情况;丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒和谷胱甘肽(GSH)试剂盒检测5组细胞内脂质过氧化产物MDA和GSH含量;Western blot检测LONP1和Nrf2/Keap1/GPX4通路蛋白表达水平。结果(1)根据CCK-8结果选择80μM的6-OHDA干预SH-SY5Y细胞24 h制备PD细胞模型;(2)与NC组相比,PD组细胞存活率下降,MDA含量上升和GSH含量下降;与PD组相比,LONP1过表达+PD组MDA含量下降和GSH含量上升;(3)与NC组比较,PD组Keap1蛋白表达上升,Nrf2和GPX4蛋白表达下降(P<0.05);与PD组相比,LONP1过表达+PD组Keap1蛋白表达下降,Nrf2和GPX4蛋白表达上升(P<0.05)。结论LONP1能够改善DA能神经元铁依赖的脂质过氧化损伤,可能是通过影响Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4信号通路活化水平,抑制脂质过氧化缓解了DA能神经元铁死亡损伤。

Unlocking high-rate O3 layered oxide cathode for Na-ion batteries via ion migration path modulation

O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2is a promising layered cathode material with high specific capacity,low cost,and simple synthesis.However,sluggish kinetic hindrance is attributed to the size discrepancy between the large Na-ion and narrow tetrahedral interstitial positions,leading to inferior rate capacity and low reversible capacity.Herein,F with light-weight and strong electronegativity is introduced to substitute O atoms in the bulk structure,which intensifies the bond strength of transition metal and oxygen and enlarges the Na+diffusion channel.In addition,density-functional theory(DFT) calculations demonstrate that the electrostatic interaction is weakened between Na+in the tetrahedral site and the transitionmetal cation directly below it,dramatically reducing the migration barriers of Na+diffusion.Consequently,the as-obtained NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O1.95F0.05sample displays outstanding rate performance of 86.7 mA h g^(-1)at 10 C and excellent capacity retention of 84.1% after 100 cycles at 2 C.Moreover,a full cell configuration using a hard carbon anode reaches the energy density of 307.7 Wh kg^(-1).This strategy paves the way for novel means of modulating the Na-ion migration path for high-rate O3-type layered cathode materials.

Ion dynamics into different pore size distributions in supercapacitors under compression

Compressing supercapacitor(SCs)electrode is essential for improving the energy storage characteristics and minimizing ions’distance travel,faradaic reactions,and overall ohmic resistance.Studies comprising the ion dynamics in SC electrodes under compression are still rare.So,the ionic dynamics of five aqueous electrolytes in electrodes under compression were studied in this work for tracking electrochemical and structural changes under mechanical stress.A superionic state is formed when the electrode is compressed until the micropores match the dimensions with the electrolyte’s hydrated ion sizes,which increases the capacitance.If excessive compression is applied,the accessible pore regions decrease,and the capacitance drops.Hence,as the studied hydrated ions have different dimensions,the match between ion/pore sizes differs.To the LiOH and NaClO4electrolytes,increasing the pressure from 60 to 120 and 100 PSI raised the capacitance from 13.5 to 35.2 F g^(-1)and 30.9 to 39.0 F g^(-1),respectively.So,the KOH electrolyte with the lowest and LiCl with the biggest combination of hydrated ion size have their point of maximum capacitance(39.5 and 36.7F g^(-1))achieved at 140 and 80 PSI,respectively.To LiCl and KCl electrolytes,overcompression causes a drop in capacitance higher than 23%.

Field-assisted conductive substrate sparks the redox kinetics of Co_(9)S_(8) in Li-and Na-ion batteries

As a promising candidate electrode material in both Li-and Na-ion batteries(L/SIBs),the application of Co_(9)S_(8) is being hindered by its unsatisfactory electrochemical performance caused by the sluggish ion diffusion kinetics and drastic volume expansion.Herein,a hybrid material composed of Co_(9)S_(8-x),N-doped carbon foam that seeded with Co nanoparticles(Co_(9)S_(8-x)@Co-NC) is constructed.Particularly,theoretical and experimental results imply that a built-in electric field at the interface of Co and NC is observed due to the variation of Fermi levels,forming rich Mott-Schottky-like heterointerfaces,which can significantly enhance the charge transfer capability between the active materials of Co_(9)S_(8) and conductive NC skeleton.Moreover,the sulfur defects in Co_(9)S_(8-x)can not only effectively lower the energy barrier of the ion diffusion and charge transfer processes,but also endow the target sample with more storage/adsorption/active sites for Li^(+)/Na^(+) ions,thus improving the rate performance of the Co_(9)S_(8-x)@Co-NC composite.As a result,the Co_(9)S_(8-x)@Co-NC exhibits fast surface-controlled redox kinetics and robust cycling stability.For instance,the Co_(9)S_(8-x)@Co-NC displays impressive Li-storage properties in both half and full cells with a high reversible capacity of 1007.4 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)after 100 cycles and superior rate capability up to 5 A g^(-1).Moreover,based on these comprehensive merits,the Co_(9)S_(8-x)@Co-NC composite shows decent electrochemical performance(472.2 and 311.1 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 and 10 A g^(-1),respectively) as an anode for SIBs.This work presents an effective strategy for the construction of Mott-Schottky-like heterointerfaces in Co_(9)S_(8) based materials and provides specific inspiration for future works designing high-performance electrodes via interfacial engineering.

脾气虚大鼠海马神经元线粒体呼吸链功能及Lon蛋白酶表达变化及意义

目的观察脾气虚大鼠海马神经元线粒体呼吸链功能及Lon蛋白酶表达的变化,探讨线粒体蛋白质控在脾气虚发生中的作用。方法将16只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组和模型组各8只,模型组通过饮食失节和劳倦刺激制作脾气虚证模型,对照组正常饲养。15 d后麻醉大鼠,开颅取海马组织。采用透射电镜观察海马神经元线粒体内蛋白积聚情况;比色法检测海马神经元线粒体呼吸链复合物(C)Ⅰ~CⅣ活性和ATP水平;ELISA法检测反应性氧簇(ROS)含量;Western blotting法检测海马线粒体呼吸链CⅤ和Lon蛋白酶表达。结果与正常组比较,模型组线粒体内蛋白积聚较多;CⅣ活性、CⅤ表达、ATP水平和Lon蛋白酶表达均下降(P<0.05或<0.01)。两组CⅠ、CⅡ、CⅢ、ROS水平差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论脾气虚大鼠海马神经元线粒体呼吸链功能和Lon蛋白酶下降,线粒体蛋白质控水平下降与脾气虚的发生有关。

现场总线控制系统的进步性及其实时性研究

现场总线控制系统 (FCS ,fieldbuscontrolsystem)是现代工业控制网络的发展方向。本文一方面从纵向的角度将现场总线控制系统与传统的集散控制系统 (DCS ,distributedcontrolsystem)进行比较 ,研究其进步性 ;另一方面从横向的角度对不同现场总线的特点尤其是与实时性密切相关的媒体存取控制方法进行了对比探讨。

LON智能节点开发及组网研究

针对LonW orks现场总线技术特点,论述了基于Neuron芯片开发智能节点的方法.利用这些节点,模拟工控现场进行组网.上位机选用LNS DDE Server和Lon总线设备进行通信.基于LNS的LonMaker forW indows网络集成工具将各网络变量捆绑,并负责管理整个网络.实验表明,用LonW orks技术组网,系统运行稳定、控制准确,而且组网简单、易于扩展.

以太网、CAN与LON3种总线控制网络静态网络性能分析

在工业底层现场仪表与自动化装置中,控制网络和现场总线技术的应用已经成为发展趋势。本文通过图表详细分析和对比了3种基于CSMA协议的总线控制网络(以太网、CAN和LON)静态网络性能指标。由三者静态网络性能的分析,进一步归纳和总结了它们在控制领域中的不同应用范围。本分析方法对于其他控制网络同样适用,其结论对于实际工程控制网络设计具有一定的指导意义。

现场总线应用于发电厂电气控制系统的研究

随着电气自动化技术的发展,发电厂电气自动化系统对电气信息量及其控制品质的要求越来越高。传统的电气控制采用硬接线方式参与机组控制,难以满足控制要求,对此以600MW机组为例构建了一种基于现场总线技术的全通信方式的电气控制系统(FECS),以实现机组电气过程控制。

小麦TaLon1基因克隆与分析(英文)

在酵母和人类中,依赖于ATP的Lon蛋白酶起着降解线粒体内非正常蛋白质和维持线粒体DNA的稳定等重要作用。本研究应用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆了小麦Lon蛋白酶家族的一个基因,命名为TaLon1。TaLon1和籼稻Lon1、玉米Lon1的相似性分别为94%和92%。表达分析表明,TaLon1在小麦根、叶和花药中均表现组成型表达,表明该基因在小麦的生长发育过程中很重要,起着类似管家基因的作用。在菜豆上已经间接证明Lon蛋白酶与细胞质雄性不育有一定的相关性。但在本研究中,TaLon1的表达在小麦K型细胞质雄性不育系和其他育性正常的品系之间没有差别。与大肠杆菌和酵母中的Lon基因不同,TaLon1不能被90 min的42℃热激所诱导。另外,250 mmol/L NaCl处理24 h后,该基因的表达量下降。