Background:Clinical studies have shown that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer often co‐exist in the same individual.The present study aimed to investigate the role of high‐fat‐diet(HFD)‐induced obe...Background:Clinical studies have shown that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer often co‐exist in the same individual.The present study aimed to investigate the role of high‐fat‐diet(HFD)‐induced obesity in the coexistence of the two diseases and the underlying mechanism in apolipoprotein E‐knockout(ApoE^(−/−))mice.Methods:Male ApoE^(−/−)mice were fed with a HFD or a normal diet(ND)for 15 weeks.On the first day of Week 13,the mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the right axilla with Lewis lung cancer cells.At Weeks 12 and 15,serum lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1(LOX‐1)and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay,and blood monocytes and macrophages were measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.At Week 15,the volume and weight of the local subcutaneous lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer and the amount of aortic atherosclerosis were measured.Results:At Week 15,compared with mice in the ND group,those in the HFD group had a larger volume of local subcutaneous cancer(p=0.0004),heavier tumors(p=0.0235),more metastatic cancer in the lungs(p<0.0001),a larger area of lung involved in metastatic cancer(p=0.0031),and larger areas of atherosclerosis in the aorta(p<0.0001).At Week 12,serum LOX‐1,serum vascular endothelial growth factor,and proportions of blood monocytes and macrophages were significantly higher in the HFD group than those in the ND group(p=0.0002,p=0.0029,p=0.0480,and p=0.0106,respectively);this trend persisted until Week 15(p=0.0014,p=0.0012,p=0.0001,and p=0.0204).Conclusions:In this study,HFD‐induced obesity could simultaneously promote progression of lung cancer and atherosclerosis in the same mouse.HFD‐induced upregulation of LOX‐1 may play an important role in the simultaneous progression of these two conditions via the inflammatory response and VEGF.展开更多
Turbulent two-phase reacting flow in the chamber of LOX/RP-1 bipropellant liquid rocket engine is numerically investigated in this paper. The predicted pressure and mean axial velocity are qualitatively consistent wit...Turbulent two-phase reacting flow in the chamber of LOX/RP-1 bipropellant liquid rocket engine is numerically investigated in this paper. The predicted pressure and mean axial velocity are qualitatively consistent with the experimental measurements. The self-excited pressure oscillations are obtained without any disturbance introduced through the initial and boundary conditions. It is found that amount of abrupt pressure peaks appear frequently and stochastically in the head regions of the chamber, which are the important sources to drive and strengthen combustion instability. Such abrupt pressures are induced by local constant volume combustion, because local combustible gas mixtures with high temperature are formed and burnt out suddenly due to some fuel droplets reaching their critical state in a rich oxygen surrounding. A third Damkhler number is defined as the ratio of the characteristic time of a chemical reaction to the characteristic time of a pressure wave expansion to measure the relative intensity of acoustic propagation and combustion process in thrusters. The analysis of the third Damkhler number distributions in the whole thrust chamber shows that local constant volume combustion happens in the head regions, while constant pressure combustion presents in the downstream regions. It is found that the combustion instability occurs in the head regions within about 30 mm from the thruster head.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81770237,82173450。
文摘Background:Clinical studies have shown that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer often co‐exist in the same individual.The present study aimed to investigate the role of high‐fat‐diet(HFD)‐induced obesity in the coexistence of the two diseases and the underlying mechanism in apolipoprotein E‐knockout(ApoE^(−/−))mice.Methods:Male ApoE^(−/−)mice were fed with a HFD or a normal diet(ND)for 15 weeks.On the first day of Week 13,the mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the right axilla with Lewis lung cancer cells.At Weeks 12 and 15,serum lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1(LOX‐1)and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay,and blood monocytes and macrophages were measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.At Week 15,the volume and weight of the local subcutaneous lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer and the amount of aortic atherosclerosis were measured.Results:At Week 15,compared with mice in the ND group,those in the HFD group had a larger volume of local subcutaneous cancer(p=0.0004),heavier tumors(p=0.0235),more metastatic cancer in the lungs(p<0.0001),a larger area of lung involved in metastatic cancer(p=0.0031),and larger areas of atherosclerosis in the aorta(p<0.0001).At Week 12,serum LOX‐1,serum vascular endothelial growth factor,and proportions of blood monocytes and macrophages were significantly higher in the HFD group than those in the ND group(p=0.0002,p=0.0029,p=0.0480,and p=0.0106,respectively);this trend persisted until Week 15(p=0.0014,p=0.0012,p=0.0001,and p=0.0204).Conclusions:In this study,HFD‐induced obesity could simultaneously promote progression of lung cancer and atherosclerosis in the same mouse.HFD‐induced upregulation of LOX‐1 may play an important role in the simultaneous progression of these two conditions via the inflammatory response and VEGF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50706021)
文摘Turbulent two-phase reacting flow in the chamber of LOX/RP-1 bipropellant liquid rocket engine is numerically investigated in this paper. The predicted pressure and mean axial velocity are qualitatively consistent with the experimental measurements. The self-excited pressure oscillations are obtained without any disturbance introduced through the initial and boundary conditions. It is found that amount of abrupt pressure peaks appear frequently and stochastically in the head regions of the chamber, which are the important sources to drive and strengthen combustion instability. Such abrupt pressures are induced by local constant volume combustion, because local combustible gas mixtures with high temperature are formed and burnt out suddenly due to some fuel droplets reaching their critical state in a rich oxygen surrounding. A third Damkhler number is defined as the ratio of the characteristic time of a chemical reaction to the characteristic time of a pressure wave expansion to measure the relative intensity of acoustic propagation and combustion process in thrusters. The analysis of the third Damkhler number distributions in the whole thrust chamber shows that local constant volume combustion happens in the head regions, while constant pressure combustion presents in the downstream regions. It is found that the combustion instability occurs in the head regions within about 30 mm from the thruster head.
