Zinc finger protein,an important transcription factor,regulates gene expression associated with various physiological and pathological processes.U-shaped,belong to the Friend of GATA(FOG)transcription factor,plays a c...Zinc finger protein,an important transcription factor,regulates gene expression associated with various physiological and pathological processes.U-shaped,belong to the Friend of GATA(FOG)transcription factor,plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis by interacting with the GATA transcription factor as a co-factor.However,little is known about its functions in insects.In the present study,a U-shaped cDNA was identified and characterized from the silkworm Bombyx mori and its potential roles in innate immunity investigated.The predicted silkworm U-shaped amino acid sequence contained a classical nuclear localization signal(NLS)motif“GESSPKRRRR”at position 45CU459,and arginine residues at position 456 and 478 are the critical sites of the NLS.U-shaped mRNA was detected in all tested tissues of the B.mori;however,the highest levels were found in the hemocytes.U-shaped mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the hemocyte after the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge.Furthermore,U-shaped knockdown significantly reduced the melanization process and suppressed the expression of melanization-associated genes,including PPO1,PPO2,PPAE and BAEE.In addition,U-shaped interacts with Lozenge protein to regulate the innate immune response of the insect.Our results revealed that U-shaped binds directly to Lozenge protein to modulate the melanization process and innate immune responses in silkworm.展开更多
The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which i...The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which is mathematically expressed as Meff = （（σ1-σ3） L.sin 2α sin α）/2, where σ1-σ3 represents the yield strength of the related rock, L is a unit length and a is the angle between σ1 and deformation bands. This criterion demonstrates that the maximum value appears at angles of ±54.7° to σ1 and there is a slight difference in the moment in the range of 55°±10°. The range covers the whole observations available from nature and experiments. Its major implications include： （1） it can be used to determine the stress state when the related deformation features formed; （2） it provides a new approach to determine the Wk of the related ductile shear zone if only the ratio of the vorticity and strain rate remains fixed; （3） It can be used to explain （a） the obtuse angle in the contraction direction of conjugate kink-bands and extensional crenulation cleavages, （b） formation of low-angle normal faults and high-angle reverse faults, （c） lozenge ductile shear zones in basement terranes, （d） some crocodile structures in seismic profiles and （e） detachment folds in foreland basins.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31802142)the Doctorial Start-up Fund of Southwest University(SWU120019,020023)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2019C089)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019T120801 and 2017M620408)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology(SKLSGB-ORP202003).
文摘Zinc finger protein,an important transcription factor,regulates gene expression associated with various physiological and pathological processes.U-shaped,belong to the Friend of GATA(FOG)transcription factor,plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis by interacting with the GATA transcription factor as a co-factor.However,little is known about its functions in insects.In the present study,a U-shaped cDNA was identified and characterized from the silkworm Bombyx mori and its potential roles in innate immunity investigated.The predicted silkworm U-shaped amino acid sequence contained a classical nuclear localization signal(NLS)motif“GESSPKRRRR”at position 45CU459,and arginine residues at position 456 and 478 are the critical sites of the NLS.U-shaped mRNA was detected in all tested tissues of the B.mori;however,the highest levels were found in the hemocytes.U-shaped mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the hemocyte after the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus challenge.Furthermore,U-shaped knockdown significantly reduced the melanization process and suppressed the expression of melanization-associated genes,including PPO1,PPO2,PPAE and BAEE.In addition,U-shaped interacts with Lozenge protein to regulate the innate immune response of the insect.Our results revealed that U-shaped binds directly to Lozenge protein to modulate the melanization process and innate immune responses in silkworm.
基金This work is financed by the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 40272084, 40472101 and 40572123）.
文摘The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which is mathematically expressed as Meff = （（σ1-σ3） L.sin 2α sin α）/2, where σ1-σ3 represents the yield strength of the related rock, L is a unit length and a is the angle between σ1 and deformation bands. This criterion demonstrates that the maximum value appears at angles of ±54.7° to σ1 and there is a slight difference in the moment in the range of 55°±10°. The range covers the whole observations available from nature and experiments. Its major implications include： （1） it can be used to determine the stress state when the related deformation features formed; （2） it provides a new approach to determine the Wk of the related ductile shear zone if only the ratio of the vorticity and strain rate remains fixed; （3） It can be used to explain （a） the obtuse angle in the contraction direction of conjugate kink-bands and extensional crenulation cleavages, （b） formation of low-angle normal faults and high-angle reverse faults, （c） lozenge ductile shear zones in basement terranes, （d） some crocodile structures in seismic profiles and （e） detachment folds in foreland basins.
