On the Polygonal Wear Evolution of Heavy-Haul Locomotive Wheels due to Wheel/Rail Flexibility and Its Mitigation Measures

Wheel polygonal wear can immensely worsen wheel/rail interactions and vibration performances of the train and track,and ultimately,lead to the shortening of service life of railway components.At present,wheel/rail medium-or high-frequency frictional interactions are perceived as an essential reason of the high-order polygonal wear of railway wheels,which are potentially resulted by the flexible deformations of the train/track system or other external excitations.In this work,the effect of wheel/rail flexibility on polygonal wear evolution of heavy-haul locomotive wheels is explored with aid of the long-term wheel polygonal wear evolution simulations,in which different flexible modeling of the heavy-haul wheel/rail coupled system is implemented.Further,the mitigation measures for the polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels are discussed.The results point out that the evolution of polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels can be veritably simulated with consideration of the flexible effect of both wheelset and rails.Execution of mixed-line operation of heavy-haul trains and application of multicut wheel re-profiling can effectively reduce the development of wheel polygonal wear.This research can provide a deep-going understanding of polygonal wear evolution mechanism of heavy-haul locomotive wheels and its mitigation measures.

Microstructure evolution of a new directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy after long-term aging at 950 ℃ upto 1 000 h

The microstructure evolution of a new directionally solidified（DS） Ni-based superalloy used for gas turbine blades after long-term aging at 950 ℃ was investigated.The results show that the γ ＇ phase becomes more regular in dendritic arm and interdendritic area,while both the mass fraction and the size of γ ＇ phase increase gradually with increasing aging time.During long-term aging,the MC carbide dissolves on the edge to provide the carbon for the formation of M23C6 carbide by the precipitation of Cr at the grain boundary.The rose-shaped γ ＇/γ eutectic partly dissolves into γ matrix and the aging promotes it transform into raft-shape γ ＇.The microstructure is generally stable and no needle-like topologically close-packed phase（TCP） can be found after aging for 1 000 h.

A Long-Term Numerical Model of Morphodynamic Evolution and Its Application to the Modaomen Estuary

Because of the influence of human activities, the evolution of the Modaomen Estuary is no longer a purely natural process. We used a long-term morphodynamic model （PRD-LTMM-10） to study the evolution of the estuary from 1977 to 1988. The model incorporated modules for riprap-siltation promotion and waterway dredging. The model can simulate the morphodynamic evolutionary processes occurring in the Modaomen Estuary during the period of interest. We were able to isolate the long-term influences of various human engineering activities and the roles of natural factors in estuarine evolution. The governance projects had the largest effect on the natural development of the estuary, resulting in larger siltation on the west side. Installation of riprap and reclamation of submerged land resulted in scouring of the main Hengzhou Channel causing deep trough out-shift. Severe siltation narrowed the upper end of the Longshiku Deep Trough.

Noble-Metal-Free Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts Working at High Current Densities over 1000 mA cm^(-2):From Fundamental Understanding to Design Principles

Alkaline water electrolysis provides a promising route for"green hydrogen"generation,where anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a crucial role in coupling with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction.To date,the development of highly active and durable OER catalysts based on earth-abundant elements has drawn wide attention;nevertheless,their performance under high current densities(HCDs≥1000 mA cm^(-2))has been less emphasized.This situation has seriously impeded large-scale electrolysis industrialization.In this review,in order to provide a guideline for designing high-performance OER electrocatalysts,the effects of HCD on catalytic performance involving electron transfer,mass transfer,and physical/chemical stability are summarized.Furthermore,the design principles were pointed out for obtaining efficient and robust OER electrocatalysts in light of recent progress of OER electrocatalysts working above 1000 mA cm^(-2).These include the aspects of developing self-supported catalytic electrodes,enhancing intrinsic activity,enhancing the catalyst-support interaction,engineering surface wettability,and introducing protective layer.Finally,summaries and outlooks in achieving OER at industrially relevant HCDs are proposed.

Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Property during Long-Term Aging in Udimet 720Li

Thermal stabilities of microstructure and mechanical property have been investigated on superalloy U720Li, which is of great interest of application for jet engine and land-based turbine disc. The results showed that, the primary and secondary gamma' particles maintain good thermal stability at 650 and 700 degreesC with aging time up to 3000 h, while the tertiary gamma' is apparently dependent on aging temperature and time. The tertiary gamma' particles undergo a procedure of coarsening, dissolution and eventually complete disappearance with the increasing of aging time and temperature. They exhibit unusual high sensibility upon aging temperature, which is attributed to the lattice misfit between the gamma' precipitates and the matrix in the alloy. The grain boundary phase M23C6 remains stable without forming of sigma phase even with aging time up to 3000 h at 700 degreesC. Microhardness decreases apparently with increasing aging time and aging temperature. Theoretical analysis based on dislocation mechanism indicates that the change of microhardness should be attributed to the evolution of the tertiary gamma' during aging.

基于运动单站的LTE辐射源定位技术

长期演进(LTE)信号具有覆盖范围广泛、带宽大、自相关特性良好、抗衰落能力强及发射功率大等诸多有利于定位的优点,是一种可用于定位的主要机会信号。基于LTE信号的定位方法需要利用辐射源的位置信息进行解算,在非合作环境中获取基站的位置信息是使用LTE信号进行定位的基础。提出了一种利用移动单站获取LTE辐射源位置的定位方法,以到达时间差(TDOA)为观测量,建立了包含钟差校准的定位模型,并从单站的运动轨迹和初始点选取两个方面分析了算法的收敛性和定位精度。通过行人以及车载两种方式,在实际环境中对定位方法的性能进行了测试,实验结果表明,该方法的定位误差小于10 m。

UEs Power Reduction Evolution with Adaptive Mechanism over LTE Wireless Networks

At present, the major drawback for mobile phones is the issue of power consumption. As one of the alternatives to decrease the power consumption of standard, power-hungry location-based services usually require the knowledge of how individual phone features consume power. A typical phone feature is that the applications related to multimedia streaming utilize more power while receiving, processing, and displaying the multimedia contents, thus contributing to the increased power consumption. There is a growing concern that current battery modules have limited capability in fulfilling the long-term energy need for the progress on the mobile phone because of increasing power consumption during multimedia streaming processes. Considering this, in this paper, we provide an offline meaning sleep-mode method to compute the minimum power consumption comparing with the power-on solution to save power by implementing energy rate adaptation(RA) mechanism based on mobile excess energy level purpose to save battery power use. Our simulation results show that our RA method preserves efficient power while achieving better throughput compared with the mechanism without rate adaptation(WRA).

基于月面LTE基站OFDM测距的巡视器定位

针对目前的月面定位技术中成本高、观测时间长以及缺少可用定位信息的问题,开展了基于长期演进(LTE)基站的月面定位技术的研究,并引入了LTE技术,通过在月面布设基站为月面巡视器的实时定位提供了可行基础。提出了一种基于因子图优化的月面定位方法,通过融合月面基站的正交频分复用(OFDM)测距信息和巡视器自身的惯性导航信息,利用有限的月面基础设施,在较低成本的硬件条件下实现了月面巡视器的准确定位。仿真实验结果显示,该月面定位方法具有良好的准确性和鲁棒性。

融合ZigBee与LTE的智能交通通信网络设计与实现

文章提出一种融合ZigBee与长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)的智能交通通信网络设计与实现方案,旨在提升智能交通系统的数据传输效率、实时性以及安全性。通过结合ZigBee的低功耗、短距离通信优势和LTE的广覆盖、高速率特点,构建了多层次、互补性的通信网络架构。该系统不仅实现了车辆间及车辆与基础设施间的实时信息交互,还优化了数据传输路径,降低了网络能耗,为智能交通系统的全面发展提供了有力支持。

基于LTE网络的PRACH配置参数优化研究

文中深入探讨了基于Long Term Evolution(LTE)网络的Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH)配置参数优化策略,特别是在中国电信与中国联合网络通信集团有限公司(简称“电联”)实施大规模载波共享的背景下,如何通过精细的PRACH参数调整、提升网络性能,确保用户体验,有效支持5G演进。通过理论分析与实际案例相结合的方法,该研究揭示了在共享网络环境中,合理配置PRACH参数对减少接入时延,提升系统容量,增强网络稳定性以及提高资源利用效率的重要性。此外,在2.1G频段重耕过程中,关注了如何平衡4G与5G业务需求,并通过优化PRACH设计应对了共存挑战。

LTE网络中基于改进PSO的资源分配策略

长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)作为当前主流的无线通信技术之一,其性能优化是当前研究的热点。文章针对LTE网络中的资源分配问题展开研究,通过分析正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技术的基本原理,深入探讨其资源分配问题。针对传统粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法在资源分配过程中存在的局限性,文章研究一种基于混沌优化的PSO算法,以提高算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。通过在NS-3仿真平台上进行实验验证,结果表明混沌优化的PSO算法在不同网络负载情况下均能有效增加系统吞吐量,相比传统PSO算法具有更好的性能表现。

LTE无线通信技术与物联网技术的结合与应用研究

文章探讨长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)无线通信技术与物联网技术的融合在物联网网关设计中的应用。LTE技术具有网络容量大、吞吐量高和并行传输能力强的优势,结合物联网技术的智能交互和信息化网络环境,共同提升物联网的连接效率和数据传输稳定性。基于对LTE无线通信和物联网技术的简要分析,探索基于LTE无线通信的物联网网关设计。使用CMW500无线设备空口综合性测试仪与SecureCRT终端仿真程序测试网关联网功能。测试结果显示,该网关设计能够搜网成功并连接网络,具备一定普适性。

LTE无线通信技术与物联网技术的结合应用

随着科技的不断发展,人们对信息服务的需求越来越高。在无线通信技术方面,长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)被广泛应用于移动通信领域,因其高速、高质量的数据传输能力而备受青睐。物联网技术的出现和发展为各行各业带来了巨大的机遇和挑战。将LTE无线通信技术与物联网技术相结合,可以进一步提高用户的信息服务体验,为后续发展提供坚实的基础。

城市轨道交通LTE-M无线通信系统跨线漫游方案研究

随着各城市轨道交通线网规模的增长,为满足列车跨线运行、多线换乘站统一运营调度等需求,提出LTE-M无线通信系统的跨线漫游通信方案。通过研究3GPP TD-LTE标准架构和LTE-M漫游原理,结合城市轨道交通实际特点,参考LTE-M系列规范,提出线网共建演进分组核心网(EPC)、线路间EPC全连接、增强型归属用户服务器整合、线网EPC虚拟化部署等4种漫游通信实现方案;为进一步指导方案建设及落地实施,从接口设计、线网规划、号码规划等方面进行相关配套设计。在当前受专用频段资源分配等因素影响,城轨领域尚不具备成熟条件开展5G专用无线通信系统大规模建设的情形下,为各城市轨道交通线路LTE-M无线通信系统的建设及改造提供参考。

基于LTE-M的下一代列控数据通信系统设计与可用性评估

相对于传统的基于通信的列车运行控制系统(communication based train control,CBTC),下一代列控系统将具有架构可靠、速率快、成本低以及服务质量高等优点,且数据通信系统的可用性能够保障列车的安全和高效运行。面向下一代列控系统,首先设计基于LTE-M(long term evolution-metro,LTE-M)的通信系统结构;然后针对下一代列控系统典型场景,利用确定与随机Petri网(deterministic and stochastic petri nets,DSPN)进行可用性建模,最后进行模型求解和可用性评估。仿真结果显示,基于LTE-M的下一代列控数据通信系统能够满足实际通信需求,其可用性分析方法可以完成数据通信系统的可用性建模与评估。

Review on radiological evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia using computed tomography

BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the main manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection.Chest computed tomography is recommended for the initial evaluation of the disease;this technique can also be helpful to monitor the disease progression and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.AIM To review the currently available literature regarding the radiological follow-up of COVID-19-related lung alterations using the computed tomography scan,to describe the evidence about the dynamic evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia and verify the potential usefulness of the radiological follow-up.METHODS We used pertinent keywords on PubMed to select relevant studies;the articles we considered were published until October 30,2020.Through this selection,69 studies were identified,and 16 were finally included in the review.RESULTS Summarizing the included works’findings,we identified well-defined stages in the short follow-up time frame.A radiographic deterioration reaching a peak roughly within the first 2 wk;after the peak,an absorption process and repairing signs are observed.At later radiological follow-up,with the limitation of little evidence available,the lesions usually did not recover completely.CONCLUSION Following computed tomography scan evolution over time could help physicians better understand the clinical impact of COVID-19 pneumonia and manage the possible sequelae;a longer follow-up is advisable to verify the complete resolution or the presence of long-term damage.

一种基于拥塞等级划分的LTE-V资源碰撞避免机制

为了降低车联网(Long Term Evolution-Vehicle to Everything,LTE-V)终端间的相互干扰并提升通信的可靠性,提出通过资源分配和拥塞控制来解决资源碰撞的问题。依据信道忙率(Channel Busy Ratio,CBR)划分拥塞等级,融合资源分配与拥塞控制提出相应的方案,形成资源碰撞避免机制。为了减少重选资源时发生的碰撞,提出了资源重选竞争退避机制以降低重选带来的不确定性;针对拥塞导致的碰撞,改变调制编码策略从而优化资源占用。仿真结果表明,与标准中基于感知的半持续调度(Semi-persistent Scheduling,SPS)相比,所提出的机制在传输距离为300 m时可以实现0.85以上的数据包投递率,有效减少资源碰撞,提升传输可靠性。

Progress of 3G Evolution Technology Standardization

The challenges brought by broadband wireless access technologies to cellular mobile communication technologies speed up the study and standardization of 3G evolution technologies that support higher data rates. Both the 3GPP and the 3GPP2 have launched research programs on the study and standardization of the emerging 3G evolution technologies. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) program of 3GPP has made progress in key technical indexes of air interface, wireless network architecture and high-level protocols. At the same time, the Air Interface Evolution (AIE) program of 3GPP2 has made study achievements in the formulation of air interface standards for Layer 2 and upper layers, as well as for the physical layer.

XSRP平台的TD-LTE物理层协议实验设计

针对通信技术更新迅速,导致LTE等无线通信设备更新价格昂贵,从而提出使用通用软件无线电开发平台XSRP实现TD-LTE物理层协议实验,设计并实现了TD-LTE物理层协议的收发通信实验。设计的实验中XSRP和上位机通过以太网口传输数据流,基于软硬件协同,上位机利用Matlab负责获取处理基带数据流和配置XSRP射频参数,XSRP负责数据实时处理和射频收发。通过实验表明:基于XSRP通用平台的收发天线,在真实信道环境条件下实现了多机通信,真实模拟了TD-LTE物理层协议的实现过程,接近现实的通信系统,为移动通信系统协议栈的原型开发与验证提供了范例。

LTE无线通信技术与物联网技术的结合应用

互联网技术的快速发展,使万物互联的愿景真正变成了现实,对人们的日常生活、生产活动产生着不可替代的重要作用。而在此之间,长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)无线通信技术的应用尤为关键,是物联网系统中不可或缺的重要技术之一。为了能够进一步提高LTE技术和物联网技术的应用优势,在发挥各自技术优势中提高网络结构资源的整体利用效率,促进我国物联网生态的全面发展,就必须要深入分析、了解LTE无线通信技术和物联网技术的结合应用策略。在针对LTE无线通信技术和物联网技术的概念进行阐述的基础上,分析现阶段LTE无线通信技术和物联网技术结合应用的具体场景,最后探讨LTE无线通信技术和物联网技术进行结合的注意事项,以期为实际工作提供帮助。